Unit 3 Celebrations 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 課件(北師大必修1)

1、 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動(dòng)主動(dòng)) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動(dòng)被動(dòng)) 漢語(yǔ)中常用漢語(yǔ)中常用“被被”、“給給”、“由由”、“受受”等詞用等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： People g

2、row rice in the south of the country. The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. 3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)： They will send cars abroad by sea. They will give

3、plenty of jobs to school-leavers. 4. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. 5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. We are painting the rooms. 6. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： Why didnt

4、they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road. This time last year we were planting trees here. 7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： Someone has told me We have brought down the price. 8. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)： When I got to the theatre, I found The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; 9. 含有情

5、態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+ 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞去分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 我們知道我們知道, 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由be + done(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)構(gòu)成的構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成比較被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成比較一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 主 + am / is / are + done

6、一般過(guò)去時(shí)主 + was / were + done 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主 + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be done一般將來(lái)時(shí)主 + will be + done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主 + have/has been + done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)主 +had been + done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主 +am/is/are being + done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主 + was/were being + done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主 + would be + done 說(shuō)明(1)done表示動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(2)下劃線的詞為助動(dòng)詞 10: 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be to do- be to be donebe goin

7、g to do-be going to be doneBe about to do-be about to be doneEg: He is to read a novel A novel is to be read by himThey are going to hold a meeting tomorrow.A meeting is going to be held tomorrow.They are about to shoot the murderer.1. The murderdr is about to be shot by them.(1) The police found th

8、at the house _and a lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen (2) If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept;

9、will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep ; have toDPracticeA(3) -_ the sports meet might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told(4) The maths problem _ among the students soon. A. is about to be disc

10、uss B. is going to be discussed C. is to discuss D. is going to have been discussedAB1. 1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正確正確) A new computer have been bought. (錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤)

11、2. 2. 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。為主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接賓語(yǔ)如果把直接賓語(yǔ)( (指物指物) )改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)( (指人指人) )前加適前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說(shuō)：當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說(shuō)： A present was given

12、 to me yesterday. 一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 to，如：如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, promise, sell, show, teach, tell 等。等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 for, 如：如： buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, ,make, order, 等。等。

13、 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. 3. 由動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞+ 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉這類動(dòng)詞有把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉這類動(dòng)詞有 laugh at, operate on, look after, make fun of, make use of take care of, carry out, give up,

14、hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out, talk about等。等。 4. 帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+ 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：a,動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+adj We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. b,動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+ n They ch

15、ose Tom captain. Tom was chosen captainc.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+ to do She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. d,動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+doing I found him lying on the floor he was found lying on the floore,動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+done we found all our seats occupied. all our seats were found occupi

16、ed.在在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶都帶to， We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. His mother makes him clean the room every day. He is made to clean the room every day.（二）某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

17、？（二）某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)？1. The picture looks beautiful . 這里的這里的 look是表狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞，它后面要求跟形容詞是表狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞，它后面要求跟形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。感官系動(dòng)詞一感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain, turn out ,smell等。等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. The f

18、lowers look beautiful What he said sounds reasonable. The roses smell sweet. The medicine tastes bitter. 誤：誤：It is felt very soft. The food tastes delicious. 誤：誤：The food is tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful. 誤：誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful 2.有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們

19、和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：常見(jiàn)的有：write, read, clean, sell, dry,wash, cook,wear 等。如：等。如： The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。這布很好洗。 Some silks wash well The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷(xiāo)。這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷(xiāo)。 The pen writes smoothly.

20、這支筆寫(xiě)字很流暢。這支筆寫(xiě)字很流暢。 The poem reads fluently./ The shoes wear well. The paper tears easily This kind of cloth dried easily對(duì)比：對(duì)比： The books sell well. (主動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句) The books were sold out. (被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)句) The meat didnt cook well. (主動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)句)3. want, need,

21、require 作“需要 ”解時(shí)及be worth ,in need of后接動(dòng)詞，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。Eg: 1: The flower needs/ wants/ requires watering. Your hair needs/wants/requires cutting The computer needs/wants/requires reqairing2: The film /music is worth listening to.3: His teaching method is in need of improving4. 不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)且和句子的主

22、語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)：lThe sentence is easy to understand.lShe found the problem hard to deal with.lThe box is heavy to liftlThe picture is pleasant to look atlThe novel is interesting to read此類形容詞此類形容詞：difficult, comfortable, pleasant, fit, interesting,unfit, light, heavy, dangerous, etc.5.不定式作名詞的后置定語(yǔ)，

23、和被修飾的不定式作名詞的后置定語(yǔ)，和被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)和該句主名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不定式常用主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義：動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義：lShe had only a cold room to live in.lI have a meeting to attend.lI have a lot of homework to dolShe has many children to look afterlI gave him a cake to eatlI gave him a book to read第一，一些

24、不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：第一，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：take place , come about , break out, belong to, consist of, add up to, come into being, come true, turn out 等。如：等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 誤：誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building. Great changes have taken place in China. 誤：誤：Great

25、 changes have been taken place in China.第二，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：第二，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 誤：誤：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 誤：誤：After the earthquake, few houses were

26、 remained.例如：例如： 據(jù)說(shuō)據(jù)說(shuō)It is said /thought that 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)It is reported that 據(jù)推測(cè)據(jù)推測(cè)It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 眾所周知眾所周知It is well known that 普遍認(rèn)為普遍認(rèn)為It is generally considered that 有人建議有人建議It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thom

27、as Edison invented the electric lamp. 3) It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.（四）在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主（四）在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示（五）英語(yǔ)中一些詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表五）英語(yǔ)中一些詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表主動(dòng)意義主動(dòng)意義 be dressed in, be seated in/at/beside/next to be addicted to , be determined to be devoted to,be absorbed

28、 in,be disappointed at, be lost in, be engaged in/be occupied in,be faced withEg: 1.She is seated on the sofa. 2. Addicted to surfing the internet, the boy often escapes from classes. 3. Determined to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes. 4. Disappointed at failing in the math exa

29、m, Kenta wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.5. Judith lay on the sofa, absorbed in her book.（六）介詞（六）介詞in,on,under+名詞短語(yǔ)表被名詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義動(dòng)意義 常見(jiàn)的有：under control,under treatment,under repair,under discussion,under construction,beyond belief, beyond ones reach,beyond ones control, in print, in sight,

30、 on sale, on show, on trial, out of control, out of sight, out of ones reach, out of fashion,. Eg: 1.The building is under construction(is being constructed)2.The plane was out of control( cant be controlled)3.The road is under repair(is being repaired)4.Today some treasures are on show( are being s

31、hown) in the museum.1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.sell; have been sold outB. sold; had sold outC. sell, sell outare sold; have been sold out2. I saw Dave in lift this morning.-Really? He_around here for a long time.A. wont be seenB. wasnt seeC. hasnt been seenD. hadn

32、t been seen3. The window is dirty.-I know. It _ for weeks.hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned4. The heros story _differently in the newspapers.was reported B. was reportingreports D. reported5.Why did you leave that position?-I _a better position at IBM.offer B. offered

33、 C.am offered D.was offered6. More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sent C.had sent D.had been sent7. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_placed under the Ministers car.has been B.was beingC.had been D.would be8. Mi

34、llions of pounds worth damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC. will be caused D.will have been caused9. When the old man_to walk back to his house,the sun_itself behind the mountain.started ; had already hidden had started; had alrea

35、dy hidden C. had started ; was hidingA.D. was starting; hid10:The water _cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels11: The moment the 28th Olympic Games_open, the whole world cheered.declared B.have been declaredC. have declared D. were declared12.Mr Gree

36、n stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed13. In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held B.has been heldC.will be held D. is being held14.I dont suppose the pol

37、ice know who did it.-Well surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and_now.A.has been questioned B.is being questionedC. is questioning D. has questioned15. The new type of cellphone _better if it is advertised on TV.A. will sell B. sells C. would sell D.sold 16. The bridge which _ last year lo

38、oks really beautiful. A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built 17. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting 18. An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C.

39、are holding D. will hold 19. Im sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. It _ in the factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasnt repaired 20. Every possible means , but none prove successful. A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried 21. My little sist

40、er has broken my watch. - My watch _ by my little sister. A. is broken B. has broken C. have been brokenD. has been broken22. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house. - His room _ by him when I entered the room. A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned2

41、3. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.- This novel _ reading (by me) by dinner time A. will have finished . B. will has been finished C. will have being finished D. will have been finished24. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. -These three rooms _ (by you).are oughted to

42、keep clean B. ought to kept cleanA. C. ought to be kept clean D. ought to have been kept clean1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.sell; have been sold outB. sold; had sold outC. sell, sell outare sold; have been sold out2. I saw Dave in lift this morning.-Really? He_around

43、 here for a long time.A. wont be seenB. wasnt seeC. hasnt been seenD. hadnt been seen3. The window is dirty.-I know. It _ for weeks.hasnt cleaned B.didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned4. The heros story _differently in the newspapers.was reported B. was reportingreports D. reported5.Why

44、 did you leave that position?-I _a better position at IBM.offer B. offered C.am offered D.was offered6. More than a dozen students in that school_abroad to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sent C.had sent D.had been sent7. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_pla

45、ced under the Ministers car.has been B.was beingC.had been D.would be8. Millions of pounds worth damage_by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC. will be caused D.will have been caused9. When the old man_to walk back to his house,the sun_itse

46、lf behind the mountain.started ; had already hidden had started; had already hidden C. had started ; was hidingA.D. was starting; hid10:The water _cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels11: The moment the 28th Olympic Games_open, the whole world cheere

47、d.declared B.have been declaredC. have declared D. were declared12.Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _.blamed B.blaming A. C.to blame D.to be blamed13. In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held B.has been heldC.will be held D. is being held14.I dont suppose the police know who did