外文翻譯 外文文獻(xiàn) 英文文獻(xiàn) 國(guó)內(nèi)混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)發(fā)展

1、china hybrid electric vehicle development with the depletion of oil resources, increase awareness of environmental protection, hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles will become the first decades of the new century, the development of mainstream cars and automobile industry become the consensus of al

2、l of the industry. the chinese government also has the national high technology research and development program (863 program) specifically listed, including hybrid vehicles, including electric cars of major projects. at present, chinas independent innovation of new energy vehicles in the process, a

3、dhere to the government support to core technology, key components and system integration focusing on the principles established in hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles as a three vertical to vehicle control systems, motor drive systems, power battery / fuel cell for

4、the three horizontal distribution of r & d, through close links between production cooperation, chinas independent innovation of hybrid cars has made significant progress.with completely independent intellectual property rights form the power system technology platform, established a hybrid elec

5、tric vehicle technology development. is the core of hybrid vehicles batteries (including battery management system) technology. in addition, also include engine technology, motor control, vehicle control technology, engine and electrical interface between the power conversion and is also the key. fr

6、om the current situation, china has established a hybrid electric vehicle power system through cooperative r & d technology platforms and systems, made a series of breakthroughs for vehicle development has laid a solid foundation. as of january 31, 2009,technology in hybrid vehicles, china intel

7、lectual property office to receive and open for the 1116 patent applications in china. in 1116 patent applications, invention 782 (authority for the 107), utility model for the 334.mastered the entire vehicle key development, the formation of a capability to develop various types of electric vehicle

8、s. hybrid cars in china in systems integration, reliability, fuel economy and other aspects of the marked progress in achieving fuel economy of different technical solutions can be 10% -40%. meanwhile, the hybrid vehicle automotive enterprises and industrial r & d investment significantly enhanc

9、ed, accelerating the pace of industrialization. currently, domestic automakers have hybrid vehicles as the next major competitive products in the strategic high priority, faw, dongfeng, saic motor, changan, chery, byd, etc. have put a lot of manpower, material resources,hybrid prototyping has been c

10、ompleted, and some models have achieved low-volume market.faw groupdevelopment goal: by 2012, the group plans to build an annual capacity of 11,000 hybrid cars, hybrid bus production base of 1000.faw group since 1999 and a new energy vehicles for theoretical research and development work, and the de

11、velopment of a red car performance hybrid sample. 15 period, the faw group is committed to the national 863 major project in the red card in series hybrid electric vehicle research and development mission, officially began the research and development of new energy vehicles. beginning in 2006, faw b

12、70 in the besturn, based on the technology for hybrid-based research, the original longitudinal into transverse engine assembly engine assembly, using a transverse engine and dual-motor hybrid technology. at the same time,faw also pay close attention to the engine, mechanical and electrical integrat

13、ion, transmission, vehicle control networks, vehicle control systems development, the current faw hybrid electric car has achieved 42% fuel saving effect, reached the international advanced level.jiefang ca6100hev hybrid electric busfaw liberation brand ca6100hev hybrid electric bus project is a nat

14、ional 863 electric vehicle major projects funded project, with pure electric drive, the engine alone drives (and charge), the joint drive motor starts the engine, and sliding regenerative braking 5 kinds of basic operation. the power hybrid electric bus and economy to the leading level, 38% fuel eco

15、nomy than traditional buses, emissions reduced by 30%.red flag ca7180ae hybrid carsred flag hybrid cars ca7180ae according to the national 863 plan is the first in complete with industrial prospects of the car, it is built on the basis of red car with good performance and operational smoothness. ser

16、ies which is a hybrid sedan, the luxury car ,0-100km acceleration time of 14s, fuel-efficient than traditional cars by about 50%, euro emission standard.besturn b70 hybrid carsbesturn b70 hybrid cars using petrol - electric hybrid approach. dual motor power system programs, mixed degree of 40/103, i

17、s all mixed (full-hybrid, also known as re-mixed) configurations. besturn b70 hybrid cars are petrol version costs two to three times besturn models, mass production will be gradually reduced after the costs, even if this hybrid version besturn market, the price certainly higher than the existing be

18、sturn models, but high the price of petrol will not exceed 30% version of besturn models.saicdevelopment goals: 2010 launch in the mixed hybrid cars, plug-in 2012, saic strong mix of cars and pure electric cars will be on the market.in the r & d on new energy vehicles, saic made clear to focus o

19、n hybrid, fuel cell for the direction, and speed up the development of alternative products. hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, alternative fuel vehicles as a new energy strategy saic three key.2010 saic roewe 750 hybrid cars in the mix will be put on the market, during the world expo in shanghai,

20、 saic will put 150 hybrid cars in the expo line on the river run. 2012 roewe 550 plug-in hybrid cars will be strong market, the current cars power system has been launched early development and progress.apply the new hybrid bus moving on the 1stapply the new hybrid bus moving on the 1st academy of e

21、ngineering by the saic and shanghai jiaotong university and other units jointly developed with independent intellectual property rights. existing cities in the sunwin bus power platform, the new dynamic application no. 1 uses a parallel hybrid electric vehicle drive program, so that hybrid electric

22、vehicle operating conditions in the electric air-conditioning, steering, braking and other accessories still able to work without additional electric system, while use of super capacitors, to improve starting power, braking energy recovery efficiency, thereby enhancing vehicle dynamic performance, r

23、educe fuel consumption. car length 10m, width 2.5m, high-3.2m, can accommodate 76 people.roewe 750 hybrid carsroewe 750 hybrid cars in the mixed system with bsg (belt drive start generating one machine), with smart stop zero-emission and environmental protection and the power of both the two promine

24、nt features of a top speed of 205 km / h, the maximum added driving range of up to 500 km. as for the industrialization of saics first own-brand hybrid car, the roewe 750 hybrid integrated hybrid fuel-efficient cars can achieve rates of around 20%.dongfeng motor groupdevelopment goals: plans move in

25、to 33 billion in 10 years to develop a range of environmentally friendly hybrid vehicles, including cars.eq7200hev hybrid carseq7200hev hybrid cars are 863 project of major projects and major strategic projects of dongfeng motor corporation. the car is eq7200- model (fengshen bluebird cars) is based

26、 on an electronically controlled automatic transmission with innovative electromechanical coupling in parallel programs, configure dc brushless motor and nickel-hydrogen batteries, plans to 10 5 during the industrialization. industrialization, the vehicle cost more than eq7200 cars increase in costs

27、 30%.eq61100hev hybrid electric buseq61100hev electric hybrid bus by dongfeng vehicle company limited joint beijing jiaotong university, beijing, china textile co., ltd. and hunan sharp electromechanical technology co., ltd. jointly developed shenzhou. eq61100hev hybrid electric bus with switched re

28、luctance motor, cummins isbe1504 cylinder common rail electronic injection diesel engine, new chassis design of the system, electronically controlled automatic transmission and innovative electromechanical coupling parallel program. in the annual output reached 200, the vehicle cost more than the in

29、crease in automobile engine equipped with 6ct 30%.china changandevelopment goals: the next three years, the formation of different grades, different purposes, carry a different system of mixed platforms, weak mix of scale, strong mixed industrial r & d capabilities, covering commercial, a grade,

30、 b grade, c grade products. 2014 will achieve sales of new energy vehicles 150 000 2020 sales of new energy vehicles for more than 500,000.eleventh five-year plan period, chang-an increased investment in clean energy vehicles, a diversified energy technologies to carry out exploratory research. envi

31、ronmental protection through energy-saving models continues to introduce new technology to lead the industry to upgrade and fully utilize and mobilize global resources, changan in the middle hybrid cars, hybrid cars and other technological strength of the field are explored. changs first hybrid car

32、long anjie xun hev was successfully listed in june 2009; the first batch of 20 hybrid taxis long an zhixiang in january of this year officially put into operation in chongqing.cherydevelopment goals: after 2010, more than half of cherys products carry different levels of hybrid systems.from 2003 to

33、2008, mainly mixed with moderate chery hybrid cars and energy saving system development, and industrialization; chery in wuhu, a taxi has been carried out on probation, fuel consumption will be reduced by 10% to 30% to reach europe standard. since 2004, chery hybrid cars mainly for the development o

34、f strong and industrialization. chery hybrid car fuel consumption target to reach 100 km 3 liters, to reach europe and the united states emissions regulations.chery a5bsgchery a5bsg is a weak parallel hybrid electric car, using fuel engines, electric engines complementary mode, the two different pow

35、er sources in the car while driving to work together or separately, through this combination to achieve the least fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, in order to achieve fuel efficiency and environmental protection purposes. compared with the conventional car, the car in urban conditions can sav

36、e 10% -15% of fuel and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 12%, while costs increased by only about 25% -30%.chery a5isgchery a5 isg hybrid power system consists of 1.3l gasoline engine + 5-speed manual transmission +10 kw motor +144 v ni-mh battery, the composition of the battery system used b

37、y the johnson controls developed plug-in nickel metal hydride (ni-mh), motor with permanent magnet synchronous motor and with the motor control system, inverter and dc / dc converters. the system enables the vehicle power to 1.6l displacement level and rate of 30% fuel savings and significantly redu

38、ce the emissions of euro v standards.cherry a3isgchery a3 isg has 1.3l473f gasoline engine and equipped with 10kw motor. by gasoline engines and electric motors with torque overlay approach to dynamic mixed to provide the best vehicle power operating efficiency and energy saving environmental protec

39、tion goals. chery a3 isg also has stop_restart the idling stop function such as flame start to start (bsg function), to reduce red light in the vehicle stopped or suspended when the fuel consumption and emissions expenses.fy 2bsgfy 2 bsg carry 1.5lsqr477f inline four-cylinder engine configuration bs

40、g start / stop and so one electric motor, red light in the vehicle stopped the driver into the gap, it will automatically enter standby mode to turn off the engine, starting moments after the entry block automatically start the engine. fy 2 bsg vehicle average fuel consumption than the 1.5l petrol c

41、ars reduce about 5-10%, average fuel consumption can be reduced up to 15%.byd autodevelopment goal: to electric cars as a transitional mode, the electric car as the ultimate goal, the development of new energy cars byd.byd follow the independent research and development, independent production, inde

42、pendent brand development path, and the core technology, vertical integration development strategy, as the transition to dual-mode electric vehicles, electric vehicles as the ultimate goal, the development of byd new energy vehicles.國(guó)內(nèi)混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)發(fā)展隨著石油資源的枯竭、人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的提高，混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)及電動(dòng)汽車(chē)將成為新世紀(jì)前幾十年汽車(chē)發(fā)展的主流，并成為我國(guó)汽車(chē)界

43、所有業(yè)內(nèi)人士的共識(shí)。我國(guó)政府也已經(jīng)在國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)中專(zhuān)門(mén)開(kāi)列了包括混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)在內(nèi)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)。目前，我國(guó)在新能源汽車(chē)的自主創(chuàng)新過(guò)程中，堅(jiān)持了政府支持，以核心技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵部件和系統(tǒng)集成為重點(diǎn)的原則，確立了以混合電動(dòng)汽車(chē)、純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)、燃料電池汽車(chē)為“三縱”，以整車(chē)控制系統(tǒng)、電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、動(dòng)力蓄電池/燃料電池為“三橫”的研發(fā)布局，通過(guò)產(chǎn)學(xué)研緊密合作，我國(guó)混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)的自主創(chuàng)新取得了重大進(jìn)展。形成了具有完全自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺(tái)，建立了混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)體系。混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)的核心是電池（包括電池管理系統(tǒng)）技術(shù)。除此之外，還包括發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)、電機(jī)控制技術(shù)、整車(chē)控制技術(shù)等

44、，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和電機(jī)之間動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)換和銜接也是重點(diǎn)。從目前情況來(lái)看，我國(guó)已經(jīng)建立起了混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺(tái)和產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作研發(fā)體系，取得了一系列突破性成果，為整車(chē)開(kāi)發(fā)奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。截止到2009年1月31日，在混合動(dòng)力車(chē)輛技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，我國(guó)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局受理并公開(kāi)的中國(guó)專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)為1116件。 在1116件專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)中，發(fā)明為782件（授權(quán)為107件）、實(shí)用新型為334件。掌握了電動(dòng)汽車(chē)整車(chē)開(kāi)發(fā)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，形成了各類(lèi)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的開(kāi)發(fā)能力。我國(guó)混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)在系統(tǒng)集成、可靠性、節(jié)油性能等方面進(jìn)步顯著，不同技術(shù)方案可實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)油10%-40%。同時(shí)，各汽車(chē)企業(yè)對(duì)混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)的研發(fā)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化投入顯著增強(qiáng)，產(chǎn)業(yè)化步伐不斷加快。

45、目前，國(guó)內(nèi)汽車(chē)企業(yè)已將混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)作為未來(lái)主流競(jìng)爭(zhēng)型產(chǎn)品在戰(zhàn)略上高度重視，一汽、東風(fēng)、上汽、長(zhǎng)安、奇瑞、比亞迪等都已投入了大量的人力、物力，混合動(dòng)力車(chē)型已完成樣車(chē)開(kāi)發(fā)，并有部分車(chē)型已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)小批量上市。一汽集團(tuán)發(fā)展目標(biāo)：到2012年，該集團(tuán)計(jì)劃建成一個(gè)年生產(chǎn)能力為混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)1.1萬(wàn)輛、混合動(dòng)力客車(chē)1000輛的生產(chǎn)基地。一汽集團(tuán)從1999年開(kāi)始進(jìn)行新能源汽車(chē)的理論研究和研制工作，并開(kāi)發(fā)了紅旗混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)性能樣本。“十五”期間，一汽集團(tuán)承擔(dān)了國(guó)家“863”計(jì)劃重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)中“紅旗牌串聯(lián)方式混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)研究開(kāi)發(fā)”任務(wù)，正式開(kāi)始了新能源汽車(chē)的研發(fā)工作。從2006年開(kāi)始，一汽在奔騰b70的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行混合動(dòng)

46、力化的技術(shù)研究，將原來(lái)的縱置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)總成改成橫置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)總成，采用了橫置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)及雙電機(jī)混聯(lián)技術(shù)。同時(shí)，一汽還抓緊了對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、機(jī)電一體化變速器、整車(chē)控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)、整車(chē)控制系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)，目前一汽混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)已經(jīng)取得了42的節(jié)油效果，達(dá)到了國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。解放牌ca6100hev混合動(dòng)力城市客車(chē)一汽“解放牌ca6100hev混合動(dòng)力城市客車(chē)”項(xiàng)目是國(guó)家“863”計(jì)劃電動(dòng)汽車(chē)重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)資助項(xiàng)目，具有純電動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)單獨(dú)驅(qū)動(dòng)（同時(shí)充電）、聯(lián)合驅(qū)動(dòng)、電機(jī)啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，以及滑行再生制動(dòng)5種基本工作模式。該混合動(dòng)力客車(chē)動(dòng)力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性達(dá)到國(guó)內(nèi)領(lǐng)先水平，比傳統(tǒng)客車(chē)節(jié)油38%，排放降低30%。紅旗ca7180ae混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)紅旗

47、牌混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)ca7180ae是按國(guó)家“863”計(jì)劃在國(guó)內(nèi)率先完成的具有產(chǎn)業(yè)化前景的轎車(chē)，它建立在紅旗轎車(chē)的基礎(chǔ)上，具有良好的性能和操作平順性。該款串聯(lián)式的混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)屬中、高檔轎車(chē)，0-100km的加速時(shí)間為14s，比傳統(tǒng)轎車(chē)節(jié)油約50%，排放達(dá)歐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。奔騰b70混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)奔騰b70混合動(dòng)力版轎車(chē)采用油-電混合方式。動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)采用雙電機(jī)方案，混合度為40/103，屬于全混合(full-hybrid，亦稱(chēng)重混合)構(gòu)型。奔騰b70混合動(dòng)力版轎車(chē)的成本是汽油版奔騰車(chē)型的兩到三倍，實(shí)現(xiàn)量產(chǎn)后成本會(huì)逐漸降低，即使如此混合動(dòng)力版奔騰上市后，售價(jià)肯定比現(xiàn)有奔騰車(chē)型高，但高出的價(jià)格不會(huì)超過(guò)汽油版奔騰車(chē)型的3

48、0。上汽集團(tuán)發(fā)展目標(biāo)：2010年推出中混混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)，2012年上汽插電式強(qiáng)混轎車(chē)和純電動(dòng)轎車(chē)將推向市場(chǎng)。在新能源汽車(chē)的研發(fā)上，上汽明確了以混合動(dòng)力為重點(diǎn)，燃料電池為方向，同時(shí)加快替代產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)?；旌蟿?dòng)力汽車(chē)、燃料電池汽車(chē)、代用燃料汽車(chē)成為上汽集團(tuán)新能源戰(zhàn)略的三大重點(diǎn)。2010年上汽榮威750中混混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)將投放市場(chǎng)，在上海世博會(huì)期間上汽將投放150輛混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)在世博越江專(zhuān)線(xiàn)上運(yùn)行。2012年，榮威550插電式強(qiáng)混轎車(chē)將上市，目前該車(chē)的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)前期開(kāi)發(fā)已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)，并且進(jìn)展順利。申新動(dòng)號(hào)混合動(dòng)力客車(chē)申新動(dòng)號(hào)混合動(dòng)力客車(chē)由上汽工程院與上海交通大學(xué)等單位聯(lián)合開(kāi)發(fā)，具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。在申沃客車(chē)現(xiàn)有城

49、市客車(chē)動(dòng)力平臺(tái)上，“申新動(dòng)號(hào)”采用一種并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車(chē)驅(qū)動(dòng)方案，使混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車(chē)在純電動(dòng)工況下空調(diào)、轉(zhuǎn)向、制動(dòng)等附件仍然能夠正常工作而無(wú)需另加電動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)利用超級(jí)電容，提高啟動(dòng)功率、制動(dòng)能量回收效率，從而提高整車(chē)動(dòng)力性能、降低燃油消耗。車(chē)長(zhǎng)10，寬2.5，高3.2，能容納76人。榮威750混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)榮威750中混混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)采用bsg系統(tǒng)（皮帶傳動(dòng)的起動(dòng)發(fā)電一體機(jī)），具備“智能停機(jī)零排放”和“環(huán)保與動(dòng)力性兼?zhèn)洹眱纱笸怀鎏攸c(diǎn)，最高時(shí)速為205公里/小時(shí)，最大續(xù)駛里程達(dá)500公里。作為上汽首款面向產(chǎn)業(yè)化的自主品牌混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)，榮威750中混混合動(dòng)力轎車(chē)可實(shí)現(xiàn)綜合節(jié)油率20%左右。東風(fēng)集團(tuán)發(fā)展目標(biāo)：計(jì)劃動(dòng)投入330億，用10