淺議綠色貿(mào)易壁壘對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口的影響及對(duì)策 英文文獻(xiàn)

1、analysis and countermeasure of international green trade barrier the green trade barrier limits the development of the international trade by many steps. it obstacles the integration of the international economy, the free development of the world trade. it is in some countries，especially in some dev

2、eloping countries, the production for export lost greatly. however，under the limitation of the green trade barrier，the air and water resource have been polluted badly，and the soil resource decreasing and the loss of life.1.the definition of the green trade barrier . the green trade barrier is also n

3、amed as green barrier. it refers to protection of the inner market by means of the limitation by the strict environment protection technology or the green signs in the import，which can keep the foreign merchandises outside. this causes an immense impact on the international trade order. 2.the reason

4、 of appearance of green trade barrier (1)the change of view of value. along with the development of the industrialization and the growth of the world economy，the increasing destroy and pollute getting more and more serious. this has directly affected the living and development of human beings. and t

5、his successfully drew an attention of the international society. the way of people thinking，behavior of consumption and view of consumption have changed. the new conception of value that concentrate on quality of living and creating green civilization；the need for green production with pollution and

6、 harm to human are increasing. the people in developed counties have formed a good view of value for green production also provides developing countries chance and challenges. (2)the traditional lawless tax barrier gets condemn of the international society. in order to bring up the newborn industrie

7、s，some mature industries gain unpredicted profit. but even this，they never thought of the protection of the inner market. however, after the operation of the general agreement on tariffs and trade ,the import tax has been decreased ever since. non-tax barrier has been limitations. the chance and spa

8、ce for traditional trade barrier are getting smaller and smaller. on this occasion，the developed countries begin to search for new ways of trade protections for the sake of development of their own industries. and green trade barrier come into use.(3)different standards in different countries. econo

9、mys state stays in different level owing to the different technology level. so, there are great differences in the ability of environment protection in different countries. this leads to different environment protection standard. it is a hard to say which standard is the best one，because different e

10、nvironment standard has a direct impact on the cost. and this would have great impact on the world competence，which affected the balance of the international income and expenses .in order to limit the import from developing countries，the developed countries find the green trade to be excuses to prot

11、ect their own industries. 3.the impact of the green trade barrier on china the green trade barrier has both good and bad impact on one country. but it indeed has different impact on different countries. limited by the technology，china has a lower ability to deal with the barrier and catch up the cha

12、nce to improve itself. moreover，china mostly focuses on export labor-centered production. by far it has received negative impact from the barrier. for the time being，this kind of barrier exists everywhere，and grow stronger and stronger，which has struck our market and economy seriously. (1)the negati

13、ve impact on the green trade barrier it prevents the export form china and weakens the export international competence. it influences the bilateral even multilateral relationship with other countries getting to problems. recently，the developed countries circumscribe the importation from acclaiming t

14、hat those goods are not the green production. thus bring up the conflictions. the developed countries enjoy a free form of trade in a certain trade zone，which reduce the standard of trading rather than trading from outside of the zone. so，countries like china are hard to break through the trade barr

15、ier. all those confliction are bad for china. the situations are against china. it accelerates the pollution for products and makes the metastasis to china. the standard of environment protection are low，the systems are not perfect with low standard of green production in china. because of this，a lo

16、t of production of low quality are entering chinese market leads to many foreign waste cases spring up everywhere. all of this shows that china are lacking of a perfect supervising system. without a good management there will be no efficient working. according to the investigation，from 1997 to 2000，

17、the foreign waste are increased from 990，000 ton to 17，500，000 ton. there is evidently no doubt that these foreign waste have made the environment more serious in china. but in the items got the investment nearly have no supervising on environment protection，which let the industries causing pollutio

18、n have transferred in china.(2)the positive impact on the green trade barrier. in the developed countries，the environment policy helps to strengthen the management of industry environment，and applies the high tech to develop the green production，which can lower the cost. thus we can gain high social

19、 and economy efficiency，and finally get the production of high quality. it does good to chinas continuous development. the task of environment protection should be accomplished by all the human beings.the skills of management in developed countries are in an advantage place than that in the developi

20、ng countries. china as a developing country is supposed to learn the experience of developed countries which can be made good use of to promote the harmonious development of environment and economy development. we should insist in the principle of continuous development which is good to our construc

21、tion of exportation. furthermore，this can promote the industries to produce more and more technology-focused production and helps to break through the green trade barrier while doing international trade. it get the industries change their trading concept. the law of environment protection in develop

22、ed countries is more perfect than in china. the conception of environment protection has been applied in every aspect while doing business activity. for example：use green package，sail green production with green after sail services provided，introduce environment protection knowledge，do promoting of

23、green production with green theme and establish a green image of company. with activities of above，everyone can protect the environment and nature consciously.4. breaking the barrier (1)the government plays the role of the lead to help to develop the” green environment protection” industries. adjust

24、 the construction to the” green environment production industries. complete the” law of the green trade，resist the barrier. (2)for the industries，they should face to the challenge to produce more” green production. collecting green information，developing green production. the companies are supposed

25、to take part in international economic technology conference and business trade expo or visit others who are of abundant” green information” and exchange with each other. the most essential way of breaking” green trade barrier” is to establish a nice international image. the industries should establ

26、ish a good supervision of production design and material picking，production and waste recycling，recto explore a green production needed by the market. furthermore，the industries should pay much attention to financial input and the training of the employers. strengthen the green management. improve t

27、he market competence. thegreen management” refers to a management that require industries form a kind of sailing conception of conform the rule of green trade by continuous mind and green environment requirement. it is an effective way of breaking through the barrier. the green environment protectio

28、nism is recognized as a worldwide trade new problem，which need to face it and challenge it. correcting trade standard is all countries are aware of its unavoidable ability. in the wto system，environment protection has been on the agenda. if we want to be successful in changing china a great trading

29、country into a great trading world power，we have to do self-improvement and raise the conception of environment protection. so, only when we make every effort to do improvement can we break through the green trade barrier.5. our strategy and thinking on green trade barriers (1)strengthen education a

30、nd drumbeating，raise awareness of environmental protection. the acceleration of the awareness of environment from all people can not be separated from extensive publicity and education. propagandize foreign trade and economy and environmental protection，especially do some work on universal environme

31、ntal pact and environmental standards，making all the economic and trade workers at different levels fully understand the crucial and practical significance of environment in this field. we should do a good job on the negative reports on foreign trade and environmental protection，lead environmental p

32、rotection awareness into enterprises business decisions，and foster a sense of crisis and urgency. (2)establish and improve environmental protection laws and regulations，strengthen execution of trade environment. in the respect of preventing pollution，we have set up some laws and regulations，but they

33、 are not in accordance with practical needs，maneuverability is not good，punishment is not enough；we are actually using economic methods to make enterprises buy and sell drainage right，rather than urging them to deal with. consequently, aftertime we should improve every environmental protection regul

34、ation with the priority of prevention, and strengthen supervision and management. to strengthen governments environmental management function，to punish acts against environmental laws legally，develop the effect of green products and environmental signs，strengthen all the consumers surviving effects，

35、develop green industry into supporting industry，green product into fist product.(3)develop green market，green product，green marketing. with the strengthening of the awareness of environmental and resource protection, a new industry with the purpose of protecting environment and resourcegreen industr

36、y is growing fast. at the same time，it has driven the development and formation of green product and green market. it is reported that in the following ten years, green product will lead the main markets in the world. we should adopt ourselves with this tide, change product designation, package, pro

37、mote product quality，increase environmental items，make the best to achieve the standards of every technique，security，sanitation，and environment，adopt the tide of green consumption needs，and also develop low-environment-protection-cost，good-quality green product that is in accordance with universal e

38、nvironmental standards. (4)strengthen international exchange and cooperation，use international power to resist trade barrier. although uruguay will make an” decision on trade and environment” to enhance awareness of environmental protection, also it will make some basic items in which include securi

39、ty items to prevent developing countries from being discriminated by developed countries. therefore, we can make use of some relevant items and international agreements and unite other developing countries to resist discriminating strategies adopted by developed countries who are making use of green

40、 protection，and promote the development of our foreign trade.6. conclusion with the world economy developing fast，the developed country hold higher standards and stronger awareness of environmental protection. we are in the developing stage，the protection of green products have great effect on the e

41、xportation of our products，we must adapt our country and our foreign triage with this new tide and follow relevant regulations strictly. 國(guó)際綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的分析和采取的對(duì)策綠色貿(mào)易壁壘通過(guò)多種途徑限制國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。它阻礙國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化、以及世界貿(mào)易的自由發(fā)展。在一些國(guó)家,特別是在一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家,出口產(chǎn)品損失很大。然而,在綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的限制之下,空氣和水資源已嚴(yán)重污染,土壤資源正在減少和生物多樣性正在消失。1。綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的定義綠色貿(mào)易壁壘也稱為綠色壁壘，它指

42、的是在進(jìn)口方面，通過(guò)制定嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境保護(hù)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或綠色標(biāo)志限制國(guó)外產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入本國(guó)市場(chǎng)。這嚴(yán)重影響了國(guó)際貿(mào)易秩序。2。綠色貿(mào)易壁壘出現(xiàn)的原因(1)價(jià)值觀的轉(zhuǎn)變隨著工業(yè)化發(fā)展和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),破壞和污染變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。 這直接影響到人類生存和發(fā)展. 這成功吸引了國(guó)際社會(huì)的關(guān)注。人們的思維方式、消費(fèi)行為和消費(fèi)觀念已經(jīng)改變。新的價(jià)值觀念正集中專注人們的生活質(zhì)量以及創(chuàng)建綠色文明;隨著污染和危害對(duì)人們的增加，對(duì)綠色產(chǎn)品的需求逐步增長(zhǎng)。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的人們已經(jīng)形成了關(guān)于綠色產(chǎn)品的好的價(jià)值觀念，這也給發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供了機(jī)遇和帶來(lái)了挑戰(zhàn)。（2)傳統(tǒng)的非法出口退(免)稅政策受到國(guó)際社會(huì)的譴責(zé)為了撫養(yǎng)新生的行業(yè),一些成熟的行業(yè)獲

43、得出乎意料的利潤(rùn)。但即使這樣,他們從不認(rèn)為知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的內(nèi)在市場(chǎng)，關(guān)稅貿(mào)易總協(xié)定運(yùn)行以后,已經(jīng)降低了進(jìn)口關(guān)稅,非關(guān)稅壁壘成為一種限制。這使得傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易壁壘出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)和空間越來(lái)越小。在這種情況下，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家為保護(hù)本國(guó)工業(yè)開(kāi)始尋找新的貿(mào)易保護(hù)方式.就這樣，綠色壁壘應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。(3)在不同的國(guó)家有不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由于不同的技術(shù)水平，各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)處在不同的發(fā)展階段。所以,不同國(guó)家在保護(hù)環(huán)境能力方面有很大的差異,這導(dǎo)致不同的環(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。它是一種很難說(shuō)哪種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是最好的,因?yàn)椴煌沫h(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的直接影響成本。這將有很大的影響,影響了世界競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的平衡國(guó)際收入和支出,以限制進(jìn)口來(lái)自發(fā)展中國(guó)家,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的綠色貿(mào)易成為借口來(lái)保護(hù)本國(guó)

44、工業(yè)。3。綠色貿(mào)易壁壘對(duì)中國(guó)的影響綠色貿(mào)易壁壘既有好的又有壞的影響。但它確實(shí)在不同的國(guó)家有不同的影響。有限的技術(shù),中國(guó)有能力處理低的障礙,并迎頭趕上的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)提高自己。而且,中國(guó)更多的是出口勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)品。到目前為止已經(jīng)收到來(lái)自壁壘所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。隨著時(shí)間的推移,這種障礙的存在,襲擊了我們的市場(chǎng)和我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)。(1)綠色壁壘的負(fù)面影響削弱了我國(guó)出口外銷的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。它影響與其他國(guó)家處理問(wèn)題的雙邊甚至多邊關(guān)系。最近,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家限制進(jìn)口那些非綠色生產(chǎn)的貨物，因此帶來(lái)了矛盾。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在一個(gè)特定的貿(mào)易區(qū)享有自由貿(mào)易形式,從而降低了交易的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而不是來(lái)自外部的交易。所以,像中國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家,是難以突破綠色貿(mào)易

45、壁壘的. 所有的這些沖突對(duì)中國(guó)是不利的,這是在抵抗中國(guó)。它加速了產(chǎn)品的污染，并使一些污染產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)移到中國(guó)。環(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)較低、制度不夠完善和低水平的綠色產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入中國(guó)。正因?yàn)槿绱?大量生產(chǎn)的低質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入中國(guó)市場(chǎng),導(dǎo)致了許多外國(guó)浪費(fèi)的產(chǎn)品大批量的用于中國(guó)。所有這些表明，中國(guó)缺少一個(gè)完善的監(jiān)督體系。沒(méi)有良好的經(jīng)營(yíng)將沒(méi)有有效的工作。據(jù)調(diào)查,從1997年到2000年,國(guó)外垃圾從990,000噸增加到17,500,000噸。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),有明顯的這些外國(guó)浪費(fèi)了在中國(guó)的環(huán)境更嚴(yán)重。但是在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的投資幾乎沒(méi)有對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)監(jiān)督,而造成的污染已經(jīng)讓產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移。(2)綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的積極影響在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,環(huán)境政策有助于加強(qiáng)管理,適用于工業(yè)環(huán)境的高科技發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn),從而降低成本。因此我們可以獲得高的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,并最終獲得高品質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品。它有利于我國(guó)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。環(huán)境保護(hù)的任務(wù)應(yīng)該完成所有的人類這個(gè)技能在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)地點(diǎn)在發(fā)展中國(guó)家中國(guó)作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家是應(yīng)該學(xué)的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn),可以很好地利用,促進(jìn)社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展的環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有重要意義。我們應(yīng)堅(jiān)持的原則,不斷發(fā)展,我國(guó)的建筑的出口。另外,這能促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)