Unit 1 Section A Word List講解

1、Word Listl Facility n. pl. (為某種目的而提供的）設(shè)施；設(shè)備1 設(shè)施；設(shè)備 pl.- sports/leisure facilities 體育/休閑設(shè)施- shopping/banking/cooking facilities 商店/銀行設(shè)施;炊事設(shè)備2 (學(xué)習(xí)、做事的)天資，天賦，才能 sing. U for sth.- She has a facility for languages. 她有語言天賦l community n. C 同住一地的人所構(gòu)成的社區(qū) n. C 群體；團(tuán)體1 n. sing all the people living in one place

2、, district or country, considered as a whole 社區(qū); 團(tuán)體; 集體; 社會(huì): - work for the good of the community 為集體利益服務(wù) - community service 社會(huì)服務(wù)工作 2 n. group of people of the same religion, race, occupation, etc, or with shared interests 宗教信仰 種族 職業(yè)等方面相同的人構(gòu)成的集體: - the Chinese community in Paris 在巴黎的華僑團(tuán)體 - a commun

3、ity of monks 僧侶團(tuán)體. l explore vt.探討，研究（主題、思想等） v.勘探；探測(cè)；考察1 勘探；勘查；探索；考察 sth for sth- They explored the land to the south of the Murray river. 他們勘察了墨累河以南的地區(qū)。- companies exploring for oil 石油勘探公司2 探究，調(diào)查研究，探索，探討- These ideas will be explored in more detail in chapter 7.- 這些想法將在第七章里做更詳細(xì)的探討。l fascinating a.

4、 吸引人的；迷人的；使人神魂顛倒的；l pursue vt. 致力于；追求；執(zhí)行；貫徹- pursue a goal /an aim/ an objective 追求目標(biāo)；貫徹宗旨；實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo) vt. 追趕；追逐- Police pursue the car at high speed. 警察高速追趕那輛汽車。l passion n. C 強(qiáng)烈的愛好；熱愛 n. C,U 強(qiáng)烈的情感；激情1 C (for sth) a very strong feeling of liking sth; a hobby, an activity, etc. that you like very much 酷愛；熱

5、衷的愛好（或活動(dòng)等）- The English have a passion for gardens. 英國(guó)人酷愛花園。- Music is a passion with him. 他對(duì)音樂情有獨(dú)鐘。2 C,Ua very strong feeling of love, hatred, anger, enthusiasm, etc.強(qiáng)烈情感；激情- Hes a man of violent passions. 他是個(gè)性情暴烈的人。- a crime of passion 因情欲妒忌而造成的犯罪l unique a. 特別的；極不尋常的；極好的 不同的；獨(dú)特的1 very special or

6、unusual 獨(dú)特的；罕見的- a unique talent 奇才- The preview offers a unique opportunity to see the show without the crowds. 預(yù)展提供了看展覽但不挨擠的難得機(jī)會(huì)。- The deal will put the company in a unique position to export goods to Eastern Europe. 這項(xiàng)協(xié)議給予這家公司向東歐輸出商品的特殊地位。2 (to sb/sth) belonging to or connected with one particula

7、r person, place or thing （某人、地或事物）獨(dú)具的，特有的- an atmosphere that is unique to New York 紐約所獨(dú)具的氣氛- The koala is unique to Australia. 樹袋熊是澳大利亞獨(dú)有的。l enthusiasm n. 熱愛；熱情；熱心1 U (for sth/for doing sth) a strong feeling of excitement and interest in sth and a desire to become involved in it 熱情；熱心；熱忱- I cant sa

8、y I share your enthusiasm for the idea. 我可不像你那樣，對(duì)這個(gè)想法那樣熱心。- She never lost her enthusiasm for teaching. 她從未失去過教書的熱忱。- I dont mind, she said, without much enthusiasm. “我不在乎?！彼焕洳粺岬卣f。- full of enthusiasm 充滿熱情2 可數(shù)名詞(formal) something that you are very interested in and spend a lot of time doing 熱衷的事物；激

9、發(fā)熱情的事物- He had a real enthusiasm for the work. 他的確熱衷于這項(xiàng)工作。l reap vt. 收獲；獲得 v. 收割（莊稼）1 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語 to obtain sth, especially sth good, as a direct result of sth that you have done 取得（成果）；收獲- They are now reaping the rewards of all their hard work. 現(xiàn)在，他們的全部辛勞都得到了回報(bào)。2 單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞, 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語 to cut and collec

10、t a crop, especially wheat , from a field 收割（莊稼）；收獲l benefit n. C,U好處；益處；裨益1 U,C an advantage that sth gives you; a helpful and useful effect that sth has 優(yōu)勢(shì)；益處；成效- Ive had the benefit of a good education. 我得益于受過良好教育。- The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned. 新規(guī)章將使所有有關(guān)人員受益。- It

11、will be to your benefit to arrive early. 早到將會(huì)對(duì)你有利。- the benefits of modern medicine 現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)的裨益2 習(xí)語 for sbs benefit 為幫助某人；為某人的利益- I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week. 我?guī)蜕闲瞧谌毕娜舜蛴×诵┥险n的要點(diǎn)。- Dont go to any trouble for my benefit! 別為我費(fèi)工夫！3 習(xí)語 give sb

12、 the benefit of the doubt（在證據(jù)不足的情況下）假定某人說實(shí)話，假定某人沒有錯(cuò) vi. 受益；得到好處1 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語 to be useful to sb or improve their life in some way 對(duì)（某人）有用；使受益- We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone. 我們應(yīng)該把這筆錢花在大家都能得益的事上。2 單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞 (from/by sth) to be in a better position because of sth 得益于；得利

13、于- Who exactly stands to benefit from these changes? 到底是誰會(huì)從這些變革中直接獲益？l opportunity n. C,U 機(jī)會(huì)；時(shí)機(jī)1 C，U (pl. -ies) (to do sth) | (for sth/for doing sth) | (of doing sth) a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve sth 機(jī)會(huì)；時(shí)機(jī)- Youll have the opportunity to ask any questions at t

14、he end. 你們最后將有機(jī)會(huì)提問任何問題。- There was no opportunity for further discussion. 沒有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)行深入討論了。- At least give him the opportunity of explaining what happened. 至少要給他機(jī)會(huì)解釋一下發(fā)生了什么事。- career/employment/job opportunities 職業(yè)發(fā)展 / 就業(yè) / 工作機(jī)會(huì)- Id like to take this opportunity to thank my colleagues for their support.

15、我謹(jǐn)借此機(jī)會(huì)感謝同事的支持。- He is rude to me at every opportunity (= whenever possible) . 他動(dòng)不動(dòng)就對(duì)我粗魯無禮。- They intend to close the school at the earliest opportunity (= as soon as possible) . 他們打算盡早關(guān)閉學(xué)校。- a window of opportunity (= a period of time when the circumstances are right for doing sth) 行事的良機(jī)l overwhelm

16、vt. (usu. passive)（數(shù)量大得）使無法對(duì)付1 v + n常用被動(dòng)態(tài) to have such a strong emotional effect on sb that it is difficult for them to resist or know how to react （感情或感覺）充溢，難以禁受- She was overwhelmed by feelings of guilt. 她感到愧疚難當(dāng)。- The beauty of the landscape overwhelmed me. 秀麗的風(fēng)光令我深深地陶醉。2 to be so bad or so great

17、that a person cannot deal with it; to give too much of a thing to a person 壓垮；使應(yīng)接不暇- We were overwhelmed by requests for information. 問訊使我們應(yīng)接不暇。l available a. （常作后置定語）可獲得的；可利用的；現(xiàn)成的1 adj. (of things 東西) that you can get, buy or find 可獲得的；可購(gòu)得的；可找到的- available resources/facilities 可利用的資源 / 設(shè)備- readily/

18、freely/publicly/generally available 可以容易 / 免費(fèi) / 讓公眾 / 普遍得到的- Tickets are available free of charge from the school. 學(xué)校有免費(fèi)票。- When will the information be made available ? 何時(shí)才可以了解到情況？- This was the only room available. 這是唯一可用的房間。- Every available doctor was called to the scene. 所有能找到的醫(yī)生都被召集到了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。2 (of

19、a person 人) free to see or talk to people 有空的- Will she be available this afternoon? 今天下午她有空嗎？l sample vt. 體驗(yàn)1 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語 to try a small amount of a particular food to see what it is like; to experience sth for a short time to see what it is like 嘗；品嘗；嘗試；體驗(yàn)- I sampled the delights of Greek cooking fo

20、r the first time. 我第一次品嘗到希臘烹飪的美味。 vt. 對(duì)作抽樣檢驗(yàn) 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語 (technical 術(shù)語) to test, question, etc., part of sth or of a group of people in order to find out what the rest is like 抽樣檢驗(yàn)；取樣；采樣- 12% of the children sampled said they prefer cats to dogs. 在被抽樣調(diào)查的孩子中，12%說他們喜歡貓勝過喜歡狗。 n. C樣本；樣品；貨樣1 a number of pe

21、ople or things taken from a larger group and used in tests to provide information about the group （抽查的）樣本，樣品- The interviews were given to a random sample of students. 隨機(jī)抽選出部分學(xué)生進(jìn)行了采訪。- The survey covers a representative sample of schools. 調(diào)查覆蓋了有代表性的一些學(xué)校。- a sample survey 抽樣調(diào)查2 a small amount of a su

22、bstance taken from a larger amount and tested in order to obtain information about the substance （化驗(yàn)的）取樣，樣本，樣- a blood sample 血樣- Samples of the water contained pesticide. 水樣中含有殺蟲劑。3 a small amount or example of sth that can be looked at or tried to see what it is like （作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或代表的）樣品，貨樣- Id like to se

23、e a sample of your work, said the manager. “拿一件你做的貨樣給我看看。”經(jīng)理說。- a free sample of shampoo 免費(fèi)試用的洗發(fā)劑l assume vt. 假定；假設(shè)；認(rèn)為1 to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it 假定；假設(shè)；認(rèn)為- 動(dòng)詞 (+ that從句)- It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve. 認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)將繼續(xù)好轉(zhuǎn)是有道理的。-

24、 Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds. 咱們暫時(shí)假設(shè)計(jì)劃成功。- She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time. 他認(rèn)為，她會(huì)在通常時(shí)間回到家的。- 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語 + that從句- It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍認(rèn)為，緊張是工作過重所致。- 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語- Dont always assume the worst (= that sth bad has happen

25、ed) . 別總往最壞處想。- 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語 + 帶to的不定式- I had assumed him to be a Belgian. 我本以為他是比利時(shí)人。2 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語(formal) to take or begin to have power or responsibility 承擔(dān)（責(zé)任）；就（職）；取得（權(quán)力） =take- The court assumed responsibility for the girls welfare. 法庭承擔(dān)了保障這個(gè)女孩福利的責(zé)任。- Rebel forces have assumed control of the capita

26、l. 反叛武裝力量已控制了首都。3 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語(formal) to begin to have a particular quality or appearance 呈現(xiàn)（外觀、樣子）；顯露（特征） =take on- This matter has assumed considerable importance. 這件事看來相當(dāng)重要。- In the story the god assumes the form of an eagle. 在這個(gè)故事中神以鷹的形象出現(xiàn)。4 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語(formal) to pretend to have a particular feelin

27、g or quality 裝出；假裝 =put on- He assumed an air of concern. 他裝出關(guān)心的樣子。l emerge vi. 出現(xiàn)；為所公認(rèn)1 (of facts, ideas, etc. 事實(shí)、意見等) to become known 暴露；露出真相；被知曉 =transpire- 單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞- No new evidence emerged during the investigation. 調(diào)查過程中未發(fā)現(xiàn)新證據(jù)。- 動(dòng)詞 (+ that從句)- It emerged that the company was going to be sold. 事已

28、清楚，這家公司準(zhǔn)備售出。2 單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞 (as sth) to start to exist; to appear or become known 露頭；顯現(xiàn)；顯露- After the elections opposition groups began to emerge. 經(jīng)過選舉，反對(duì)派開始露頭。- He emerged as a key figure in the campaign 他已初露頭角，成為這次運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要人物。- the emerging markets of South Asia 正在興起的南亞市場(chǎng)3 單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞 (from sth) to survive a di

29、fficult situation or experience （從困境或苦難經(jīng)歷中）幸存下來，擺脫出來- She emerged from the scandal with her reputation intact. 丑聞過后，她安然無恙，名聲絲毫未受影響。 vi. 出現(xiàn)；露出1 單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞 (from sth) to come out of a dark, confined or hidden place （從隱蔽處或暗處）出現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)，露出- The swimmer emerged from the lake.- 游泳者從湖水中浮出來。- She finally emerged fr

30、om her room at noon.- 中午，她終于從屋里出來了。l giant a.（只作前置定語）巨大的；特大的1 只用于名詞前 very large; much larger or more important than similar things usually are 巨大的；特大的；偉大的- a giant crab 巨蟹- a giant step towards achieving independence 朝著獨(dú)立邁出的巨大的一步l mate n. C 同事；同伴l roommate n. C（尤指大學(xué)里的）室友l owl n. C 貓頭鷹l virtual a.（只作

31、前置定語） 幾乎相同的；實(shí)質(zhì)上的1 只用于名詞前 almost or very nearly the thing described, so that any slight difference is not important 很接近的；幾乎的；事實(shí)上的；實(shí)際上的；實(shí)質(zhì)上的- The country was sliding into a state of virtual civil war. 這個(gè)國(guó)家實(shí)際上正逐漸進(jìn)入內(nèi)戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)。- The company has a virtual monopoly in this area of trade. 這家公司實(shí)質(zhì)上已經(jīng)壟斷了這種貿(mào)易。- He ma

32、rried a virtual stranger. 他娶了一位幾乎素不相識(shí)的女子。 a. （只作前置定語）虛擬的；模擬的1 made to appear to exist by the use of computer software, for example on the Internet （通過計(jì)算機(jī)軟件，如在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上）模擬的，虛擬的- New technology has enabled development of an online virtual library . 新技術(shù)已經(jīng)使在線“虛擬圖書館”的發(fā)展成為可能。l virtually ad. 實(shí)際上；幾乎；差不多1 almost

33、or very nearly, so that any slight difference is not important 幾乎；差不多；事實(shí)上；實(shí)際上- to be virtually impossible 幾乎是不可能的- Virtually all students will be exempt from the tax. 差不多所有的學(xué)生都可免此稅項(xiàng)。- He virtually admitted he was guilty. 他實(shí)際上已承認(rèn)自己有罪。 ad. 虛擬地；模擬地1 (computing 計(jì)) by the use of computer software that ma

34、kes sth appear to exist; using virtual reality technology 模擬；虛擬；以模擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)l enrich vt. 使豐富；充實(shí)；強(qiáng)化1 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語 sth (with sth) to improve the quality of sth, often by adding sth to it 充實(shí)；使豐富；使飽含（某物）- The study of science has enriched all our lives.- 科學(xué)研究豐富了我們的整個(gè)生活。- Most breakfast cereals are enriched with

35、 vitamins.- 多數(shù)谷類早餐食物都添加了維生素。2 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語 to make sb/sth rich or richer 使富有；使富裕- a nation enriched by oil revenues 靠石油收入富裕起來的國(guó)家- He used his position to enrich himself. 他利用職位之便斂財(cái)。l glow n. sing.（某種）強(qiáng)烈的情感1 a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction 喜悅；滿足的心情- When she looked at her children, she felt a glow

36、 of pride. 看見自己的孩子，她就感到由衷的自豪。 n. sing.柔和穩(wěn)定的光1 a dull steady light, especially from a fire that has stopped producing flames 微弱穩(wěn)定的光；暗淡的光- The city was just a red glow on the horizon. 城市看上去只是地平線上的一片紅光。- There was no light except for the occasional glow of a cigarette. 除偶爾有香煙的微弱紅光外沒有一點(diǎn)亮光。 vi. 發(fā)出柔和穩(wěn)定的光1

37、 (especially of sth hot or warm 尤指熱的物體) to produce a dull, steady light 發(fā)出微弱而穩(wěn)定的光；發(fā)出暗淡的光- 單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞- The embers still glowed in the hearth. 余燼仍在爐膛里發(fā)出暗淡的光。- 動(dòng)詞 + 形容詞- A cigarette end glowed red in the darkness. 一個(gè)煙頭在黑暗中發(fā)著紅光。2 單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞 (with sth) (of a persons body or face 人體或臉) to look or feel warm or p

38、ink, especially after exercise or because of excitement, embarrassment, etc. （尤指運(yùn)動(dòng)后或因情緒激動(dòng)、尷尬等而）發(fā)紅，發(fā)熱，顯得紅，感覺熱- Her cheeks were glowing. 她雙頰緋紅。- His face glowed with embarrassment. 他窘得滿臉通紅。3 單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞 (with sth) to look very pleased or satisfied 喜形于色；心滿意足- She was positively glowing with pride. 她一副躊躇滿志的

39、樣子。- He gave her a warm glowing smile. 他給了她一個(gè)熱情洋溢的微笑。l confidence n. U 信心；信賴；信任1 BELIEF IN OTHERS 對(duì)他人的信心 不可數(shù)名詞 (in sb/sth) the feeling that you can trust, believe in and be sure about the abilities or good qualities of sb/sth 信心；信任；信賴- The players all have confidence in their manager. 隊(duì)員都信賴他們的教練。- A

40、 fall in unemployment will help to restore consumer confidence. 失業(yè)人數(shù)的下降會(huì)有助于恢復(fù)消費(fèi)者的信心。2 FEELING CERTAIN 感到有把握 不可數(shù)名詞 the feeling that you are certain about sth 把握；肯定- They could not say with confidence that he would be able to walk again after the accident. 他們不能肯定他經(jīng)過那場(chǎng)事故后還能行走。- He expressed his confide

41、nce that they would win. 他表示了自己的信心：他們必定取勝。3 TRUST 信任 不可數(shù)名詞 a feeling of trust that sb will keep information private （對(duì)某人會(huì)保守秘密的）信任，信賴- Eva told me about their relationship in confidence . 伊娃對(duì)我透露了他們倆的關(guān)系這個(gè)秘密。- It took a long time to gain her confidence (= make her feel she could trust me) . 我花了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才贏得

42、她的信任。4 A SECRET 秘密 可數(shù)名詞(formal) a secret that you tell sb （向某人透露的）秘密，機(jī)密- The girls exchanged confidences.- 女孩子們相互吐露自己的心事。- I could never forgive Mike for betraying a confidence.- 邁克泄露了秘密，我決不會(huì)饒恕他。 習(xí)語1 be in sbs confidence to be trusted with sbs secrets 受某人信任；是某人的心腹- He is said to be very much in the

43、Presidents confidence.- 據(jù)說他深受總統(tǒng)的信任。2 take sb into your confidence to tell sb secrets and personal information about yourself 向某人吐露內(nèi)心秘密（或隱私）- She took me into her confidence and told me about the problems she was facing.- 她把我當(dāng)成知己，把她面臨的種種難題都向我和盤托出。 n. U 自信心1 BELIEF IN YOURSELF 對(duì)自己的信心 不可數(shù)名詞 a belief in

44、 your own ability to do things and be successful 自信心；把握- He answered the questions with confidence . 他有把握地回答了那些問題。- He gained confidence when he went to college. 他上大學(xué)后增強(qiáng)了自信。- She suffers from a lack of confidence . 她深受缺乏自信心之苦。l yield vt. 產(chǎn)生（結(jié)果等） vt. 出產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)生 vi. 屈從；讓步1 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語 to produce or provide s

45、th, for example a profit, result or crop 出產(chǎn)（作物）；產(chǎn)生（收益、效益等）；提供- Higher-rate deposit accounts yield good returns. 高利率的存款會(huì)產(chǎn)生豐厚的收益。- The research has yielded useful information. 這項(xiàng)研究提供了有用的資料。- trees that no longer yield fruit 不再結(jié)果實(shí)的樹2 單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞 (to sth/sb) to stop resisting sth/sb; to agree to do sth that

46、 you do not want to do 屈服；讓步=give way- After a long siege, the town was forced to yield. 經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的包圍，這座孤城被迫投降。- He reluctantly yielded to their demands. 他不情愿地屈從于他們的要求。l abundant a. (fml.)大量的；豐富的；充裕的1 =plentiful- Fish are abundant in the lake. 湖里魚很多。- We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt. 我們有充分的

47、證據(jù)證明他有罪。l responsibility n. C （道德、社會(huì)）責(zé)任，義務(wù)1 不可數(shù)名詞, 可數(shù)名詞 (for sth/for doing sth) | (to do sth) a duty to deal with or take care of sb/sth, so that you may be blamed if sth goes wrong 責(zé)任；負(fù)責(zé)- We are recruiting a sales manager with responsibility for the European market. 我們正在招聘負(fù)責(zé)歐洲市場(chǎng)的銷售經(jīng)理。- They have re

48、sponsibility for ensuring that the rules are enforced. 他們有責(zé)任確保制度的執(zhí)行。- It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced. 他們有責(zé)任確保制度的執(zhí)行。- to take/assume overall responsibility for personnel 對(duì)人事全面負(fù)責(zé)- parental rights and responsibilities 父母的權(quán)利和義務(wù)- to be in a position of responsibility 身居要

49、位- I did it on my own responsibility (= without being told to and being willing to take the blame if it had gone wrong) . 我做的這件事，由我自己負(fù)責(zé)。 n. U 責(zé)任1 不可數(shù)名詞 (for sth) blame for sth bad that has happened 事故責(zé)任- The bank refuses to accept responsibility for the mistake. 銀行拒絕為這一錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任。- Nobody has claimed re

50、sponsibility for the bombing. 沒有人聲稱對(duì)爆炸事件負(fù)責(zé)。 n. C 職責(zé)；任務(wù)；義務(wù)1 不可數(shù)名詞, 可數(shù)名詞 (to/towards sb) | (to do sth) a duty to help or take care of sb because of your job, position, etc. 職責(zé)；義務(wù)；任務(wù)- She feels a strong sense of responsibility towards her employees. 她對(duì)雇員有很強(qiáng)的責(zé)任感。- I think we have a moral responsibility

51、to help these countries. 我認(rèn)為我們?cè)诘懒x上有責(zé)任幫助這些國(guó)家。l inherit vt. 沿襲，秉承（信仰、傳統(tǒng)或生活方式） v. 繼承（財(cái)產(chǎn)）1 (sth) (from sb) to receive money, property, etc. from sb when they die 繼承（金錢、財(cái)產(chǎn)等）- 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語- She inherited a fortune from her father. 她從她父親那里繼承了一大筆財(cái)富。- also 單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞2 (sth) (from sb) 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語 to have qualities, physical features, etc. that are similar to those of your parents, grandparents, etc. 經(jīng)遺傳獲得（品質(zhì)、身體特征等）- He has inherited his mo