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1、河南理工大學(xué)微機(jī)原理與單片機(jī)接口技術(shù)課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告題目: 基于單片機(jī)的遙控窗簾設(shè)計(jì) 姓 名: 學(xué) 號(hào): 專業(yè)班級(jí): 指導(dǎo)老師: 所在學(xué)院: 電氣工程與自動(dòng)化學(xué)院 2013年4月5日摘 要 本實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置是以單片機(jī)stc89c52為控制核心的遙控窗簾,通過(guò)鍵盤控制和無(wú)線遠(yuǎn)程遙控實(shí)現(xiàn)遙控窗簾不同的工作模式以及對(duì)窗簾的位置,通過(guò)霍爾傳感器反饋信號(hào)控制。遙控窗簾的不同模式通過(guò)三種不同顏色的發(fā)光二極管進(jìn)行顯示。每次進(jìn)行模式切換時(shí)能實(shí)現(xiàn)窗簾的拉開與拉住,窗簾的開合是用一個(gè)由l298n驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片驅(qū)動(dòng)的5v的直流電機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn)帶動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。此電子設(shè)計(jì),總體來(lái)說(shuō),從功能上來(lái)說(shuō)較為簡(jiǎn)單,從成本上來(lái)說(shuō)造價(jià)低,經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用,利于推廣

2、,能夠滿足智能家居要求。關(guān)鍵字:stc89c52 單片機(jī) 霍爾傳感器 l298n 直流電機(jī) 無(wú)線控制模塊目 錄 第一章 概述31.1 引言31.2基本要求3第二章 基本硬件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與功能實(shí)現(xiàn)42.1 stc89c52單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介42.2 l298電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片42.3無(wú)線電遙控接收模塊62.4防過(guò)卷模塊6第三章 軟件設(shè)計(jì)93.1 流程圖93.2 總程序9第四章 proteus仿真104.1仿真圖104.2仿真圖說(shuō)明10第五章 課程設(shè)計(jì)體會(huì)11參考文獻(xiàn):12附1:源程序代碼13附2:系統(tǒng)原理圖17第一章 概述1.1 引言隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和科學(xué)技術(shù)水平的提高,特別是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù),通信技術(shù),網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù),

3、控制技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,生活現(xiàn)代化得以實(shí)現(xiàn),居住環(huán)境向舒適化,安全化發(fā)展,家居智能化在這種形式下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。因此,我們組經(jīng)過(guò)共同的討論和深入考慮決定做遙控窗簾。我們的作品采用了stc89c52單片機(jī)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì),并通過(guò)驅(qū)動(dòng)放大電路驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī),中間還設(shè)有控制不同模式遙控窗簾開關(guān)控制電路。1.2基本要求1.利用直流電機(jī)正反轉(zhuǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)控制窗簾的開關(guān)。2. 防過(guò)卷功能。3. 具有無(wú)線遙控和手動(dòng)按鍵控制兩種功能。4. 能夠指示運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。第二章 基本硬件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與功能實(shí)現(xiàn)本系統(tǒng)采用stc89c52單片機(jī)作為主控制核心部件,主要通過(guò)按鍵和遠(yuǎn)程控制信號(hào)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)的控制信號(hào)。以下是基于單片機(jī)的遙控窗簾設(shè)計(jì)的各部

4、分介紹:2.1 stc89c52單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介stc89c52單片機(jī)是一種低功耗、高性能cmos8位微控制器,具有8k 在系統(tǒng)可編程flash 存儲(chǔ)器。使用atmel 公司高密度非易失性存儲(chǔ)器技術(shù)制造,與工業(yè)80c51 產(chǎn)品指令和引腳完全兼容。片上flash允許程序存儲(chǔ)器在系統(tǒng)可編程,亦適于常規(guī)編程器。在單芯片上,擁有靈巧的8 位cpu 和在系統(tǒng)可編程flash,使得stc89c52單片機(jī)在眾多嵌入式控制應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。2.2 l298電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片l298可直接的對(duì)電機(jī)進(jìn)行控制,無(wú)需隔離電路。通過(guò)單片機(jī)的i/o輸入改變芯片的控制端的電平,即可以對(duì)電機(jī)進(jìn)行正反轉(zhuǎn),停止的操作,非常方便,亦能滿

5、足直流減速及輸出大電流要求。表 1 是 l298n 功能邏輯圖:ena(b)in1(in3)in2(in4)電機(jī)運(yùn)行狀況hhl正轉(zhuǎn)hlh反轉(zhuǎn)h同in2(in4)同in1(in3)快速停止lxx停止表1 l298n邏輯功能表下圖是其引腳圖:圖1l298n圖2l298n控制電機(jī)1和15和8引腳直接接地。4管腳vs接2.5到46的電壓,它是用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的。9引腳是用來(lái)接4.5到7v的電壓的,它是用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)l298芯片的。6和11引腳是使能端,一個(gè)使能端控制一個(gè)電機(jī)工作。5,7,10,12是298的信號(hào)輸入端和單片機(jī)的io口相連。2,3,13,14是輸出端。輸入5和7控制輸出2和3, 輸入的10,12控

6、制輸出的13,14。在我們的課程設(shè)計(jì)中,只用到了一個(gè)電機(jī),用5、7管腳控制2、3管腳的輸出來(lái)控制電機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn)以及調(diào)速功能。2.3無(wú)線電遙控接收模塊2722是一個(gè)解碼芯片,其地址是通過(guò)2722的管腳進(jìn)行的硬件編碼的,每個(gè)遙控器與接收模塊對(duì)應(yīng),遙控上的按鍵a、b、c、d對(duì)應(yīng)接收模塊上的a、b、c、d管腳,當(dāng)按下遙控器上的按鍵時(shí),接收模塊對(duì)應(yīng)管腳便成為了高電平鎖存輸出,同時(shí)i管腳輸出正脈沖,我們的課設(shè)中a、b、c、i分別與單片機(jī)的i/o口p1.0、p1.1、p1.2、p1.3連接檢測(cè)無(wú)線信號(hào),通過(guò)相應(yīng)的無(wú)線電遙控信號(hào)來(lái)控制系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)。2.4防過(guò)卷模塊這個(gè)窗簾是通過(guò)電機(jī)帶動(dòng)從左往右打開,所以這里設(shè)計(jì)兩

7、個(gè)霍爾傳感器,一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)在窗簾導(dǎo)軌的最左邊,用于檢測(cè)窗簾是否已完全關(guān)閉;另一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)在窗簾的最右邊,用于檢測(cè)窗簾是否已完全打開,從而防止由于電機(jī)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間通電而損壞。本裝置用到的霍爾傳感器的介紹:霍爾傳感器是一種磁傳感器。用它可以檢測(cè)磁場(chǎng)及其變化,可在各種與磁場(chǎng)有關(guān)的場(chǎng)合中使用。由于霍爾元件產(chǎn)生的電勢(shì)差很小,故通常將霍爾元件與放大器電路、溫度補(bǔ)償電路及穩(wěn)壓電源電路等集成在一個(gè)芯片上,稱之為霍爾傳感器。如圖2所示圖 3霍爾傳感器霍爾傳感器分為線性型霍爾傳感器和開關(guān)型霍爾傳感器兩種。我們用到的是開關(guān)型霍爾傳感器,由穩(wěn)壓器、霍爾元件、差分放大器,斯密特觸發(fā)器和輸出級(jí)組成,它輸出數(shù)字量。本次所采用的是閉鎖性的

8、霍爾傳感器,其特性如圖5所示。當(dāng)磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度超過(guò)動(dòng)作點(diǎn)bop時(shí),傳感器輸出由高電平躍變?yōu)榈碗娖剑谕獯艌?chǎng)撤消后,其輸出狀態(tài)保持不變(即鎖存狀態(tài)),必須施加反向磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度達(dá)到brp時(shí),才能使電平產(chǎn)生變化。圖4閉鎖性特性所以,通過(guò)將霍爾傳感器至于窗簾的最左端和最右端,使得當(dāng)窗簾打開到最右,閉合到最左時(shí),能夠自動(dòng)發(fā)送信號(hào)關(guān)閉電機(jī)。防過(guò)卷電路如下 圖5防卷電路圖如圖所示,對(duì)應(yīng)的端口分別接對(duì)應(yīng)的地與+5v。當(dāng)有磁鐵靠近時(shí),輸出為高電平。當(dāng)窗簾拉開時(shí),達(dá)到指定的位置時(shí),對(duì)應(yīng)的輸出為高電平,電機(jī)停轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)窗簾關(guān)閉時(shí),到達(dá)指定的位置時(shí),對(duì)應(yīng)的輸出為高電平,電機(jī)停轉(zhuǎn)。第三章 軟件設(shè)計(jì)延遲 是否有按鍵按下鍵盤掃描開

9、始nync按下檢測(cè)哪個(gè)鍵按下ya按下反轉(zhuǎn)b按下正轉(zhuǎn)停止3.1 流程圖3.2 總程序總程序見(jiàn)附1第四章 proteus仿真4.1仿真圖4.2仿真圖說(shuō)明該系統(tǒng)主要有按鍵控制模塊,發(fā)光二極管指示模塊,cpu控制模塊,l298驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)模塊。三個(gè)按鍵分別接單片機(jī)p0.5、p0.6 、p0.7,分別控制電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)、反轉(zhuǎn)、停機(jī)三種工作狀態(tài)。綠黃紅三個(gè)發(fā)光二極管分別指示窗簾的正轉(zhuǎn)與反轉(zhuǎn)以及停止。l298是驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的部分,由單片機(jī)引出p2.0、p2.1、 p2.2控制驅(qū)動(dòng)的輸入端和使能端in1、in2、ena,驅(qū)動(dòng)的輸出端out1、out2則連到電機(jī)兩端。工作時(shí),當(dāng)按下按鍵1,經(jīng)過(guò)p2.0,p1.1分別輸出高低電

10、平,然后由驅(qū)動(dòng)輸出out1,out2管腳的高低電平,電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn),綠燈亮;當(dāng)按下按鍵2,電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn),黃燈亮。當(dāng)按下按鍵3時(shí),讓電機(jī)停轉(zhuǎn)。第五章 課程設(shè)計(jì)體會(huì)這次課程設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)上學(xué)期微機(jī)原理與單片機(jī)接口技術(shù)課程的鞏固,雖然為期比較長(zhǎng),但是還是有許多設(shè)計(jì)不夠完美,在硬件設(shè)計(jì)上考慮不周全,雖然基本功能可以實(shí)現(xiàn),但設(shè)計(jì)不太實(shí)用,需要改進(jìn)。在拿到課程設(shè)計(jì)題目之后,選定這個(gè)題目主要是主觀認(rèn)為該題目比較有趣,有挑戰(zhàn)性,與其他幾個(gè)相比,有發(fā)散思維,提高動(dòng)手能力的效果。懷著比較期待以及興奮的心情,在寒假里,我們組內(nèi)兩人都開始著手準(zhǔn)備,搜集相關(guān)資料,主要是根據(jù)要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能確立怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)相應(yīng)功能的方案,在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)看前輩

11、們的設(shè)計(jì),查閱相關(guān)芯片的功能原理,引腳以及接線,搞清每一塊的具體如何接線,如何實(shí)現(xiàn)。而其中主要就是無(wú)線控制模塊的接入,l289驅(qū)動(dòng)控制模塊的連接以及工作原理,較難的就是霍爾傳感器防過(guò)卷控制模塊的設(shè)計(jì)。由于我們利用的是上學(xué)期做好的單片機(jī)控制板,按鍵,指示燈等都已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)好,所以只需要通過(guò)軟件控制寫程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)手動(dòng)按鍵控制和顯示功能,這為我們的設(shè)計(jì)省去了很多麻煩。而電機(jī)正反轉(zhuǎn)以及無(wú)線控制相對(duì)也比較簡(jiǎn)單,只要了解了相應(yīng)硬件功能,很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。另外,寫程序相對(duì)于上學(xué)期我們做過(guò)的四個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的復(fù)雜程度,這個(gè)算是相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單。最復(fù)雜以及耗費(fèi)時(shí)間的就是硬件構(gòu)架設(shè)計(jì),本以為很簡(jiǎn)單,結(jié)果在實(shí)現(xiàn)正反轉(zhuǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)上遇到了很大麻煩,最后

12、的設(shè)計(jì)算是差強(qiáng)人意。防過(guò)卷模塊的安裝也比較麻煩。雖然做這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)花費(fèi)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間和精力,但是同時(shí)我們也有很多收獲,任何看似簡(jiǎn)單的事情,如果認(rèn)真去做,都會(huì)有很多可探尋的技巧,做實(shí)驗(yàn)需要耐心細(xì)心用心,切不可眼高手低,心浮氣躁。通過(guò)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),讓我認(rèn)識(shí)到單片機(jī)功能的強(qiáng)大,基于單片機(jī),我們可以通過(guò)接各種各樣的外設(shè),實(shí)現(xiàn)各種不同功能,有待我們?nèi)ヌ剿鳌?參考文獻(xiàn):1 楊凌霄,王麗微機(jī)原理與單片機(jī)接口技術(shù)中國(guó)電力出版社,2012,231-3762 郭天祥51單片機(jī)c語(yǔ)言教程中國(guó)電子工業(yè)出版社,2009-01-013 邱關(guān)源,羅先覺(jué)電路高等教育出版社,2006-03-01,115-1204 百度文庫(kù)l298中文資料

13、, 5 百度文庫(kù)2262/2272編解碼集成電路介紹,6 百度文庫(kù)霍爾傳感器的原理與應(yīng)用,附1:源程序代碼#include# define uchar unsigned char;# define uint unsigned int;sbit in1=p20; /in端口定義sbit in2=p21;sbit ena=p22; /使能端定義sbit g=p23; /指示燈端口定義sbit y=p24;sbit r=p25;sbit k1=p05; /按鈕端口定義sbit k2=p06;sbit k3=p07;sbit w1=p10; /遙控器端口定義sbit w2=p11;sbit w3=p1

14、2;sbit i=p13;sbit h=p26; /霍爾傳感器端口定義sbit m=p36;void delay (int i)/延時(shí)子程序char x,y;for(x=i;x0;x-)for(y=100;y0;y-);void main() m=0;ena=0;g=y=r=1;while(1) if(i=0) /按鍵控制程序 if(k1=0)/正轉(zhuǎn) delay(5); while(1) g=0;y=1;r=1; ena=1;in1=1;in2=0; delay(10); ena=1;in1=0;in2=0; delay(20); if(k2=0|k3=0|h=1|i=1) break; if

15、(k2=0)/反轉(zhuǎn) delay(5); while(1) g=1;y=0;r=1; ena=1;in1=0;in2=1; delay(10); ena=1;in1=0;in2=0; delay(20); if(k1=0|k3=0|h=1|i=1) break; if(k3=0|h=1)/停止 g=1;y=1;r=0; ena=0;in1=0;in2=0; if(i=1) /無(wú)線遙控控制程序 while(w1=1) /正轉(zhuǎn) g=0;y=1;r=1; ena=1;in1=1;in2=0; delay(10); ena=1;in1=0;in2=0; delay(20); if(k1=0|k2=0|k

16、3=0|h=1) break; while(w2=1) /反轉(zhuǎn) g=1;y=0;r=1; ena=1;in1=0;in2=1; delay(10); ena=1;in1=0;in2=0; delay(20); if(k1=0|k2=0|k3=0|h=1) break; if(w3=1) /停止 g=1;y=1;r=0; ena=0;in1=0;in2=0; 附2:系統(tǒng)原理圖employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.you may need to make a claim to an e

17、mployment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal.you can make a claim to an employment tribuna

18、l, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tri

19、bunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurt

20、her help.employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribu

21、nal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.if you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agree

22、ment. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.if you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced

23、adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the h

24、ead of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and

25、 i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the

26、referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appear

27、ance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel someth

28、ing, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?;蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過(guò)成了同一天的樣子;或許是追溯過(guò)去,對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟,這些天以來(lái),思緒一直很凌亂,在腦海中不斷糾纏??傆X(jué)得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么,或者寫點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺,突然就感覺(jué)到有些事情,非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可?during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes a

29、re necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really g

30、row up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, lo

31、oked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時(shí),覺(jué)得壓歲錢和新衣服是過(guò)年必備,但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn),會(huì)越來(lái)越發(fā)現(xiàn),那些東西根本就可有可無(wú);初中時(shí),以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng),但三年過(guò)去后,自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候,突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了,好像并沒(méi)有那么重要了;然后到了高中,覺(jué)得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn),但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉,后來(lái)再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng),看著他

32、投過(guò)籃球的球框時(shí),突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來(lái),這個(gè)世界上,對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的,除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決,還有,時(shí)間。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also

33、 once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-

34、righteous spiritual.一個(gè)人的時(shí)候,自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的,不想要的,界限明確,好像沒(méi)有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事,但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過(guò)自己的怯懦,最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分,有很多錯(cuò)過(guò),好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可,只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑,或者說(shuō),是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shi

35、rt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻,天空是陰暗的,空氣里有著剛下過(guò)雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫;那些被折成各種各樣形狀

36、的信紙;那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼;還有那場(chǎng)還沒(méi)有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可,終于和青春一樣,都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud co

37、ver. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (

38、5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weathethe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympi

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