考研英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理

1、資料來源：來自本人網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理！祝您工作順利！考研英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理 參與考研英語的考試，學(xué)會(huì)這幾個(gè)語法，不說橫行霸道，且說穩(wěn)打穩(wěn)扎。下面是我給大家整理的考研英語語法，供大家參閱! 考研英語語法：倒裝句 完全倒裝 1.表示方位或時(shí)間的副詞或介詞短語位于句首，主語是名詞，符合上述兩個(gè)條件，主語和謂語可完全倒裝。標(biāo)記詞為：here, there, up, down, in, out, away, off, then, on the hill, in the river等。倒裝構(gòu)造：主語+謂語變?yōu)橹^語+主語，成分形式?jīng)]有改變，句子內(nèi)容不增不減。 【例句】 the soccer fans rushed o

2、ut. 把握英語從聽開頭，海量免費(fèi)英語資料盡在普特英語聽力網(wǎng).putclub =out rushed the soccer fans. 球迷們沖了出去。 2.such位于句首時(shí)，主謂完全倒裝。 【例句】such was norman bethune, a noble person, a pure person, a moral person, and a vulgar person.這就是白求恩，一個(gè)高尚的人，一個(gè)純粹的人，一個(gè)有道德的人，一個(gè)脫離了低級(jí)興趣的人。 局部倒裝 局部倒裝指將謂語的一局部如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語之前，而謂語動(dòng)詞無改變。假如句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，那么需添

3、加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。 英語句子的倒裝一是由于語法構(gòu)造的需要而進(jìn)展的倒裝，二是由于修辭的需要而進(jìn)展的倒裝。前一種狀況，倒裝是必需的，否那么就會(huì)出現(xiàn)語法錯(cuò)誤;后一種狀況，倒裝是選擇性的，倒裝與否只會(huì)產(chǎn)生表達(dá)效果上的差異。倒裝句是最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強(qiáng)調(diào)。 1.only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 only+狀語+特定的動(dòng)詞+主+謂 特定的動(dòng)詞包括： 助動(dòng)詞：do, does, did, have, has, had 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can, could, shall, should, will be動(dòng)詞：am, is, are, was, were 【例句】 because y

4、ou gave someone a ring, i stumbled. =only because you gave someone a ring did i stumble. 因?yàn)槟愦蛄藗€(gè)電話，所以我絆倒了。 2.否認(rèn)詞提早至句首主謂局部倒裝 構(gòu)造：否認(rèn)副詞+特定動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語 1)否認(rèn)副詞 常用否認(rèn)副詞：not, no, never, neither 特別否認(rèn)副詞：seldom, few, little, barely, hardly, scarcely, rarely, in vain 2)特定動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be動(dòng)詞 no soonerthan, scarcely/hardl

5、ywhen表示否認(rèn)意義的詞位于句首時(shí)常用局部倒裝 【例句】 when i saw you for the first time, i fell in love deeply with you. =no sooner had i seen you for the first time than i fell in love deeply with you. =hardly had i seen you for the first time when i fell in love deeply with you. 當(dāng)我觀察你的時(shí)候，就深深地愛上了你。 not only+特定動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語，but

6、 also+主語+謂語 【例句】 internet has changed our living habit, and enhanced the efficiency of the government. =not only has internet changed our living habit, but also enhanced the efficiency of the 網(wǎng)絡(luò)不僅轉(zhuǎn)變了我們的生活習(xí)慣也進(jìn)步了政府的工作效率。 3.sothat構(gòu)造倒裝句：so為副詞，副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞以及副詞本身。因此有兩種形式的sothat倒裝 1)主語+ be+ so+表語(形容詞)+that+從

7、句(結(jié)果狀語從句) 變倒裝：so+表語(形容詞)+be+主語+that+從句(結(jié)果狀語從句) 【例句】 the food price is so high that we cannot afford any more. =so high is the food price that we cannot afford any more. 菜價(jià)如此之高，我們都承受不起。 2)主語+謂語+so+副詞(狀語)+that+從句(結(jié)果狀語從句) 變倒裝：so+副詞(狀語)+特定動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語+謂語+that+從句(結(jié)果狀語從句) 【例句】 you said your phone numbe

8、r so fast that i hardly wrote it down. =so fast did you say your phone number that i hardly wrote it down. 你剛剛電話號(hào)碼說得太快了，我沒有記錄下來。 4.讓步狀語從句 1)表語倒裝 although主語+系語+表語，主句 變倒裝：表語+as/though+主語+系語，主句 【例句】 although many consumers are clever, they are always deceived by advertisements. =clever as/though many c

9、onsumers are, they are always deceived by advertisements. 盡管許多消費(fèi)者很聰慧，但還是老上廣告的當(dāng)。 2)謂語動(dòng)詞的倒裝 although+主語+特定動(dòng)詞+謂語，主句 變倒裝：謂語+as/though+主語+特定動(dòng)詞，主句 【例句】 although you may object, ill go. =object as you may, ill go. 縱使你反對(duì)，我也要去。 3)狀語的倒裝 although主語+謂語+狀語，主句 變倒裝：狀語+as/though+主語+謂語，主句 【例句】 although i like paris

10、much, i couldnt live there. =much as i like paris, i couldnt live there. 盡管我喜愛巴黎，但我不能住在那里。 考研英語語法：強(qiáng)調(diào)句 強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而用法的一種形式。通過各種方式對(duì)句子中的某個(gè)局部進(jìn)展強(qiáng)調(diào)，從而起到修辭的作用。今日我們就來學(xué)習(xí)一下強(qiáng)調(diào)句的相關(guān)學(xué)問。 英語常用的強(qiáng)調(diào)構(gòu)造是it is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部(主語、賓語或狀語)+who (that)。一般說來，被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部指人時(shí)，用who;指事物時(shí)用that，但that也可以指人。在美國英語中指事物時(shí)常用which來代替that。

11、1.簡潔句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型之間的互換 簡潔句：主語+謂語+賓語+定語+狀語+補(bǔ)語it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部+that/who+其他局部被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部：只限于主語、賓語或狀語 who：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語是人，并僅限于主語 【例句】mr. wang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife in comrade street at the age of five.王先生五歲那年在同志街邂逅了他一生當(dāng)中的第六個(gè)女伴侶。 (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語 it wasmr. wangwho encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife in c

12、omrade street at the age of five. (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語 it wasthe sixth girlfriend in his lifethat mr. wang encountered in comrade street at the age of five. (3)強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語 it wasin comrade streetthat mr. wang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife at the age of five. (4)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語 it wasat the age of fivethat mr. w

13、ang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his life in comrade street. 2.如何強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語 借助助動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語，助動(dòng)詞包括do/does/did，依據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)和不同的主語人稱有不同選擇，助動(dòng)詞介入時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要變成原形。 (1)主語為第一人稱、其次人稱或復(fù)數(shù)主語，時(shí)態(tài)為一般如今時(shí)，用do。 【例句】 i appreciate your help. i do appreciate your help. (2)時(shí)態(tài)為一般如今時(shí)，用did。 【例句】 i made a dream last night. i did make a drea

14、m last night. (3)主語為第三人稱或單數(shù)主語，時(shí)態(tài)為一般如今時(shí)，用does。 【例句】 she becomes a man. she does become a man. 3.真題中強(qiáng)調(diào)句的解析 it is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in aliberatedsense, to describe these synthetic constructions. 譯文：雖然(說這話)在某種意義上說有點(diǎn)隨性，但正是這種對(duì)自然或明或暗的描繪，才使得用花園一詞來形容這些人工建筑顯得那么貼切。 句式復(fù)原： (1)it isthat(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) (2)被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部this implicit or explicit reference to nature