人教版高中英語必修三unit4知識點匯總及練習(xí)

1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars單元要點預(yù)覽1. loudly / loud / aloud詞語3. remain / leave辨析4. climate / weather1. violent adj.強暴的，猛烈的2. fundamental adj.基本( 礎(chǔ) ) 的 n.pl. 基本原則(法則)3. development n.詞生長，發(fā)展；新情況匯詞部形4. lay vt.放下；擺設(shè)；產(chǎn)分變(蛋)化lay-laid-laid-layi ng5. prevent vt.預(yù)防，防止6. gentle adj.和藹的；輕柔的7. phys

2、ics n.物理，物理學(xué)2. unlike / dislike5. now that / since / because / asviolence n.暴力，強violentlyadv. 強 暴暴；猛烈地；猛烈地fundamentallyadv.fundament n. 基礎(chǔ)；基本地；根本地根本develop vt.developed adj. 發(fā)達發(fā)展；產(chǎn)生的 developing adj. 發(fā)vi. 生長；發(fā)展展的lie vi. 躺，平放；lie n.&vi. 謊話；說謊位于lie-lied-lied-lyinlie-lay-lain-lyigngprevention n.預(yù)防；preve

3、ntable adj可.防阻止；妨礙止的，可預(yù)防的gently adv.溫和地；靜靜地physicist n.physical adj.身體的；物理學(xué)家物理 (學(xué))的；物質(zhì)的第1頁共25頁1. system n.c 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度；方法2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把 放下；擺設(shè)；鋪 (地毯 ) ；產(chǎn) (蛋)重 3. harmful adj. 有害的；傷害的點4. exist vi. 存在；生存單詞5. puzzle v.(使)迷惑； (使)苦思n.謎；難題6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移動 n.拉，拖；拉 (引 )力7. cheer vt.&vi. (使

4、)高興、振奮； (對)歡呼1. to begin with 以開始；由作為開頭；首先2. in time 及時；最終；遲早重 3. in one s 輪turn到某人；接著點4. prevent.from 使 不做事；阻止做某事詞5. block out 擋?。ü饩€）組6. be off = set off 出發(fā)；動身；不用上班 /學(xué)/開張7. break out (災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭等 )突發(fā)；爆發(fā)8. watch out 密切注視；當心；提防1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to producethe wate

5、r vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases,重點句which were to make the earth s atmosphere.子2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop.3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.重點語賓語從句和表語從句（見語法部分）法語言要點 .詞語辨析第2頁共25頁1.

6、loudly / loud / aloud【解釋】loudlyadv 響亮地，高聲地loudadj/adv 與 sing, speak, talk連用aloudadv 相對默讀而言；出聲【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~。1). Will you please speak _?2). It is good for you to read English _ every morning.3). The bomb exploded _.4). Is her voice _ enough ?5). Action speaks _ than words 事(實勝于雄辯 ).2. unlike

7、/ dislike【解釋】unlike prep. 不像，和不同adj. 作表語 不相似；不同dislike vt./n. 不喜愛，厭惡【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~。1). A good hotel managershould know his regular guests likes and _.2). Her latest novel is quite _ her earlier work.3). If you go on like that you ll get yourself _ (like).4). I was very interested in the lectu

8、re, _ many of the students.3. remain/leave【解釋】remain vi. 仍然是；留下；剩下常用句型： remain + n. 仍然是remain + adj./adv./prep. 仍然是remain + v-ed/v-ing 仍然是remain to be done有待去做，依然要做leave vt. 剩下，忽略或未拿或未帶（某物） ，使或讓（某人、事物）處某狀態(tài)某地等常用句型： leave sb. sth. / leave sth. to sb.給某人留下某物leave sth (for sb) 留下，交待下 (某物 )leave sth to s

9、b 將某物遺贈給某人第3頁共25頁remaining/left 兩者都可以作形容詞，表示“剩下的 ”，前者用于被修飾的名詞之前，后者用于被修飾的名詞之后?！揪毩?xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~。1). Someone _ you this note while you were out.2). After the earthquake, little _ of the village.3). He used the _ money to buy a dictionary.4). After buying the dictionary, he had not much money_.5).

10、Arriving home, I found that I d _ my key in the office.6). Don t leave her _ (wait) outside in the rain.7). She remained _ (change) after all these years.8). A great many things remain _ (do).4. climate / weather【解釋】climate 指從長時間的范圍來看某地的平均氣候或經(jīng)常性的氣候；weather 指某地一時的天氣，如寒暖、晴雨和干濕的變化情況?！揪毩?xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當

11、的詞。1). We shall go out for a picnic tomorrow if the _ is fine.2). A drier _ would be good for your health.3). I couldn t imagine what it would beolikelivet in a hot _.4). The _ of our country is mild, but individual places experience bad_.第4頁共25頁5. now that / since / because / as【解釋】都可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，語氣最強的

12、是 because，引導(dǎo)直接而明確的原因，也用來回答 why 的問句或用于強調(diào)句型；其次是 since/now that，表示已知或明顯的原因，再次是 as，引導(dǎo)的原因是不言而喻、顯而易見的； for 引導(dǎo)的是并列分句，表推測或判斷的原因，前面有逗號隔開?！揪毩?xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~。1). _ everybody is here, let s begin our meeting.2) It was _ he was ill that he didn t go to school.3). It must have rained last night, _ the ground i

13、s all wet.4). _ we are alone, we can speak freely. .詞性變化1. violent adj.強暴的，猛violence n.暴力，強暴；猛violently adv. 強暴地；猛烈的烈烈地2. fundamental adj.基本fundamentally adv. 基本fundament n. 基礎(chǔ)；根本(礎(chǔ))的 n.pl. 基本原則地；根本地(法則)3. development n.生長，develop vt.發(fā)展；產(chǎn)生developed adj. 發(fā)達的發(fā)vi. 生長；發(fā)展developing adj. 發(fā)展的展；新情況4. lay vt

14、.放下；擺設(shè)；產(chǎn)(蛋)lay-laid-laid-layin g5. prevent vt. 預(yù)防，防止lie vi. 躺，平放；位于lie n.&vi.謊話；說謊lie-lay-lain-lyinglie-lied-lied-lyingprevention n.預(yù)防；阻止；preventable adj可.防止的，妨礙可預(yù)防的6. gentle adj.輕柔的gently adv.溫和地；靜靜地7. physics n.物理，物理physicist n.物理學(xué)家physical adj.身體的；物理學(xué)(學(xué))的；物質(zhì)的第5頁共25頁【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空。1). The nau

15、ghty boy _ (lie) to me that the hen that _ (lie) there justnow had _ (lay) two eggs the day before.2). In my opinion, _ (prevent) is more important than treatment.3). Some programs on the Internet are full of _ (violent) and sex.4). With the _ (develop) of modern industry, more and more pollution is

16、caused.5). China is a _ (develop) country belong to the third world.6). There are _ (fundament) differences between your religious beliefs andmine.7). His ambition is to become a great _ (physics). .重點詞匯1. system n.c 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度；方法systematic adj 有系統(tǒng)的 ; 有條理的典例1). The solar system includes the sun and it

17、s eight planets. 太陽系包括太陽和它的八顆行星。2). Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒對身體有害。 練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子。1). The _ _ 教(育系統(tǒng) ) operates very differently in the US and China.2). He introduced us a well-designed _ _鐵(路系統(tǒng) ).2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；擺設(shè)；鋪 (地毯 ) ；產(chǎn) (蛋)典例1). He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把

18、手放在我的肩上。2). Who should we lay the blame on? 我們該責(zé)備誰 ? 重點用法 lay 短語：lay eggs 下蛋l(fā)ay sth. aside 把某物放在一邊；積蓄（錢）lay sth. down 把某物放下lay the blame on sb責(zé).備某人lay the table 擺桌子lay emphasis / stress on sth.把重點放在某事上 練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或翻譯。1). The bird _ its eggs in other birds nests.第6頁共25頁2). He is a political

19、leader that _ _ _ _ (非常強調(diào) ) individualresponsibility.3). He _ some money _ for rainy days.3. harmful adj. 有害的；傷害的harm n.&vt. 傷害（某人）典例Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking.很多人都意識到吸煙的危害。 重點用法 be harmful to sb./sth. 對 有害do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb.對有害；傷害 練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~

20、或翻譯。1). Everyone knows that smoking is _ to your health.2). In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do _ totheir growth.3). 在陽光下看書對你的眼睛傷害很大。_4. exist vi. 存在；生存existence n. 存在典例1). Does life exist on Mars? 火星上有生命嗎 ?2). I can hardly exist on the wage I我靠m我getting掙的工.資簡直難以餬口。

21、重點用法 exist + prep. 存在于地方exist on sth. 靠某物生存 練習(xí) 用 exist 的短語或其適當形式填空。1). This plant _ only _ Australia.2). Can you _ _ such a low salary?3). I doubt the _ (exist) of alien.第7頁共25頁5. puzzle vt.&vi. ( 使)迷惑； (使)苦思n.謎；難題puzzled adj.無法了解的；困惑的puzzling adj.令人費解的典例1). Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。2). Thei

22、r reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他們?yōu)槭颤N要做此事我仍莫名其妙。 重點用法 sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑 /為難sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人對感到迷惑puzzle about/over sth. 對某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解）puzzle one s brain苦思苦想；絞盡腦汁solve a puzzle 解決一個難題 練習(xí) 用 puzzle 的適當形式填空或翻譯。1). To explain the _ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theorie

23、s.2). I _ (puzzle) that I haven t heard from Liz for so long.3). She listened with a _ (puzzle) expression on her face.4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _ (puzzle) of how life began.5). He _ (puzzle) what to do next.6). _ _ _ (使我困惑的事情 ) is why he left the country withouttelling anyone.6

24、. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移動n.拉，拖；拉 (引)力典例1). You push and I ll你pull來推.，我來拉。2). I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我覺得有人扯我的袖子，便轉(zhuǎn)過身來。 重點用法 pull ahead (of sb/sth) 領(lǐng)先（於某人 /物）pull (sb) back（使某人）退卻；撤回（某人）第8頁共25頁pull off (sth) （指機動車輛）駛離（道路） （至路側(cè)停車處停下）pullout(sth.)拉掉；使分離；掏出；駛離（車站）pull on 穿，戴上（襪子、手套等）pull tog

25、ether 同心協(xié)力；通力合作 練習(xí) 用 pull 短語的適當形式填空。1). I arrived as the last train was _ _.2). He _ _ a gun and aimed at the criminal.3). So long as we _ _, there s no mountain top we rcan. t conque7. cheer vt. & vi. (使 )高興、振奮； (對)歡呼cheerful adj.高興的cheerless adj不.高興的典例1). The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appe

26、ared女.王出現(xiàn)時群眾高聲歡呼。2). He was greatly cheered by the news.他聽到這個消息非常高興。 重點用法 cheer sb. on為某人加油cheer (sb) up（使某人）更高興或更快活 練習(xí) 用 cheer的短語或其適當形式填空。1). Your visit has greatly _ him up.2). The crowd _ the runners _ as they started the last lap.3). You look as though you need _ up. .重點詞組1. to begin with = to s

27、tart with 典例To begin/start with, I couldn 重點用法 begin/start with 從 開始以 開始；由作為開頭；首先 t understand a single 起word初，.我一句也沒弄明白。 begin/start sth with 從 開始 練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子。1). He _ his speech _ a poem.2). His speech _ _ a poem.3). _ _ _, pets are good friends of many lonely people, especially the old.第9頁共25頁

28、2. in time 及時；最終；遲早典例1). They caught the bus in time. 他們及時趕上了汽車。2). If you keep on, you will succeed in time.如果堅持下去，你們總有一天會成功的。 短語歸納 time 短語：in time for sth./ to do sth. 及時；不遲in no time 立刻；馬上at no time 永不at one time 有個時期；曾經(jīng)；一度at a time 一次；每次at times = sometimes 有時all the time 一直；始終；老是on time 按時；準時by

29、 the time 到 的時候為止for the time being 暫時；暫且take one s time不著急；慢慢來kill time消磨時間from time to time 不時地，間或many a time 常常；多次once upon a time 從前at the same time 同時；盡管如此ahead of time 提前，提早race against time 爭分奪秒time and again 一次又一次；重復(fù)地keep time (鐘表 )走得準keep bad time（鐘、表）走得不準take one s time慢慢來，別急have a good/ni

30、ce/hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很It s (high/about) time that sb. did/ should do sth是.做某事的時候了練習(xí) 用 time 短語填空。1). They sent the mail to me just _ _, before I 1eft.2). William arrived at the theatre just _ _ for the play was to be on.3). Hurry up! The concert will begin _ _ _.4). _ _ _ will I give up.5).

31、 The boy laughed and cried _ _ _ _.6). _ _ _ he was addicted to playing web games, but now hedevotes himself to writing, which delights his parents.7). Don t try to do everything at once; take it a bit _ _ _.第10頁共25頁8). You ll have your own office soon, but _ _ _ _ youhave to share one with me.3. in

32、 one s turn輪到某人；接著典例I will see you, each in your turn. 我將要一個接著一個地看你。 短語歸納 turn 短語：in turn 輪流；一個接著一個by turns 輪流；一陣一陣take turns (to do sth.輪)流（做某物）It s one s turn to do輪sth到某.人做某事了 練習(xí) 用 turn 短語填空或翻譯句子。1). She went hot and cold _ _.2). 我們輪流著開車。_3). 今天輪到誰發(fā)言了？_4. prevent.from = stop.from = keep.from 使 不做

33、事；阻止做某事典例His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow s game.他背部的傷可能使他參加不了明天的比賽?！居梅ū嫖觥孔⒁?: prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的 from 可省 , keep sb. from doing sth.中 from 不可省略，因為 keep sb. doing sth.是 “使某人一直做某事 ”之意；但如在被動語態(tài)中，三者的 from 都不可省；當后接 sb s doing sth作.賓語時，只能用 prevent 或 stop，不能用 keep，因

34、為沒有 keep sb s doing sth的.句型。 練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子或翻譯。1). Doctors took action to _ _ _ _ _防(止這種疾病的蔓延 ).2). Of course I can t _ your going abroad.第11頁共25頁3). 警察阻止他們攜帶武器。_5. block out 擋?。ü饩€）典例That wall blocks out all the light. 那堵墻把光線都遮住了。 短語歸納 out 短語：break out 爆發(fā)，發(fā)生 burst out 大聲喊叫，突然 起來 go out 外出；過時； (燈)熄pu

35、t out 關(guān)(燈 )；撲滅；生產(chǎn) come out 出現(xiàn)，顯露；出版，結(jié)果是 help out 幫助解決難題 (或擺脫困境 )look out 留神；注意watch out 注意；提防find out 找出，查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)pick out 挑出，辨認出，分辨出speak out 大聲地說，大膽地說think out 仔細思考某事；想出（主意等）hang out 掛出，閑逛knocked out (拳擊中 )擊倒，打昏sell out 售完 (某種貨物 )，脫銷turn out 結(jié)果證明是run out (of) 用完，耗盡check out 結(jié)帳離去，辦妥手續(xù)離去hand out 分發(fā)，散發(fā)gi

36、ve out 分發(fā)；用完，消耗盡；發(fā)出 (光、聲音等 ) 練習(xí) 用 out 短語填空。1). At the end of the race his legs _ _ and he collapsed on the ground.2). It s easy to _ him _ in a crowd because he is very tall.3). His nwe book will _ _ next month.4). We thought it was going to rain; it _ _ to be a find day.5). We _ _ of/from our hotel

37、 at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.6. be off = set off 出發(fā)；動身；不用上班 /學(xué) /開張典例Then we were off. 隨后我們就啟程了。第12頁共25頁 短語歸納 off 短語：get off 下車fall off從 摔下來take off 脫下；起飛keep off 遠離turn off 關(guān)閉pay off 付清，還清set.off 給 送行kick off踢球jump off 跳下give off 散發(fā)show off 炫耀shut off 關(guān)閉 練習(xí) 用 turn 短語填空或翻譯。1). It is a Sunday a

38、nd we _ _不(用上班 ) today.2). Her husband _ _ on a business trip somewhere.3). There we saw a sign reading,“ _ _ the grass”.4). After ten years of hard work, she finally _ _ all her debts.7. break out (災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭等 ) 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)典例Fire broke out during the night. 夜間突然發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。 短語歸納 break 短語：break away from 脫離（黨派）；擺脫（控

39、制）break down 毀掉；壞掉；(計劃/談判 )失敗break up打碎；拆散； (會議 )結(jié)束；分裂 (解體 )break off (使 )停止；中斷；折斷break into sth. 強行進入某處break one s word/promise食言；說話不算數(shù) 練習(xí) 用 break 短語填空。1). A terrible tsunami _ _ in the southeastern countries of Asia atChristmas, 2004.2). When do you _ _ for Christmas?3). Negotiations between the t

40、wo sides have _ _.4). His house was _ _ last week.8. watch out 密切注視；當心；提防典例Watch out! There rs comingaca. 小心 ! 汽車來了。第13頁共25頁 重點用法 watch out for sb/sth 警惕或注意某人 /事物watch over 保護；照看 練習(xí) 用 watch 短語填空。1). There must have been an angel _ _ me that day.2). What problems should I _ _ _ when buying an old hou

41、se?3). You ll become an alcoholic if you don t _ _. .重點句子1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases,which were to make theearth s atmosphere.它 (地球 )巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石。最終產(chǎn)生了水蒸氣、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。 解釋 “

42、 be +不定式 ”結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來表示 “按計劃或安排將要做的事情”，或表示上級對下級、父母對子女下命令，“應(yīng)該做某事 ”或表示某事 “將必然發(fā)生 ”。例如：1). Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you are to go to her office afterclass. 你的班主任給你一個口信，要你下課后到她的辦公室去。2). The worst is still to come. 更糟糕的事情還會發(fā)生。3). We ll hold a meeting tomorrow. = We are to hold a meetin

43、g tomorrow. = A meeting is to be held tomorrow. 我們明天將開會。4). The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10: 25 am.這趟火車將于上午10: 25 到達北京。 練習(xí) 完成句子或翻譯。1). Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you _ _ _ toher office after class. (你的班主任給你一個口信， 要你下課后到她的辦公室去。 ) 2). The worst is still _ _ (come).3). We

44、ll hold a meeting tomorrow.= We _ _ _ a meeting tomorrow. = A meeting is _ _ tomorrow.第14頁共25頁4). 這趟火車將于上午10：25 到達北京。_2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop.那使生命的生長發(fā)育成為一種可能。 解釋 此句中的 made 后跟帶形式賓語 it 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中 it 是形式賓語， 真正賓語是不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)， “for live to begin to develop ，賓語補”足語是 possible。再如： Sh

45、e made it her business to find out who was responsible.她非要弄清楚是誰的責(zé)任不可。提示：常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有think ，feel，find ， consider 等。例如：1). We make it a rule to get up at 6 ory morningclock. eve2). I find it hard to get along with him.3). He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA.他發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能離開德國去美國了。4). I think/fi

46、nd/feel/consider it my duty to help you. 我覺得我有責(zé)任幫助你。 練習(xí) 完成句子或翻譯。1). We _ _ _ _規(guī)(定 ) to get up at 6 o clock every morning.2). I _ _ _ (發(fā)現(xiàn)很難 ) to get along with him3). 他發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能離開德國去美國了。_4). 我覺得我有責(zé)任幫助你。_3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earthand fell over.而當我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。 解釋 twice as.as. 是的“兩倍 ”，英語常見倍數(shù)的表示句型：1). 倍數(shù) + as + adj./adv. + as 是 “的幾倍 ” My room is twice as large as his.2). 倍數(shù) + adj./adv.比較級 + th