專(zhuān)題二：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、課題：動(dòng)詞在中考單項(xiàng)選擇題中的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)研究 專(zhuān)題二：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中考考點(diǎn)、典型題、真題 負(fù)責(zé)人： 高靚初中英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)解析【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)梳理】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有具體的詞義，但也同助動(dòng)詞一樣，需要與其他詞語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)，另外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。考點(diǎn)一：can，may，must等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在陳述句中的用法：1. can的用法：（1）.表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時(shí)一般譯為“能、會(huì)”，即有種能力，尤其是生來(lái)具備的能力，此時(shí)may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I cant . （2）.表示許可，常在口語(yǔ)中。如：You can

2、 use my dictionary. （3）.表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，此時(shí)cant譯為“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.2. could的用法：（1）.can的過(guò)去式，意為“能、會(huì)”，表示過(guò)去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. （2）. could在疑問(wèn)句中，表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，此時(shí)could沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?Could

3、I use your pen?Yes, you can.（注意回答）3. may的用法：（1）.表示請(qǐng)求、許可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike? You may go home now. (2) .表示推測(cè)，談?wù)摽赡苄?，意為“可能，或許”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home. (3) .may的過(guò)去式為might，表示推測(cè)時(shí)。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick. (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用ma

4、y +主+V例如：May you have a good time. May you be happy! May you succeed！4. must的用法：(1).must表示主觀(guān)看法，意為“必須、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back. Must I hand in my homework right now? (2)其否定形式mustnt表示“一定不要” “千萬(wàn)別” “禁止,不許”.如：You mustnt play with fire. You mustnt be late.（3）對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答為must，否定回答為ne

5、ednt 或dont have to .如：Must I finish my homework?No, you neednt. (4)must表示有把握的推測(cè)，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.注意其反意問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成形式：當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測(cè)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句要用實(shí)際問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞來(lái)構(gòu)成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasntshe?(注意反意疑問(wèn)句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didnt y

6、ou? (注意反意疑問(wèn)句的后半部分)5. need的用法：（1）.need表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，其否定形式為neednt，意為“沒(méi)有必要，不必”。用need提問(wèn)時(shí)，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt或dont have to。如：Need I stay here any longer?Yes, you must .No. you neednt /dont have to.(2).need還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，如果是人作主語(yǔ)后邊多接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：I need to do it right now. 如果是物作主語(yǔ)，一般用need doing與

7、need to be done這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：.主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義；.該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 6. dare的用法：dare意為“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有兩種詞性：（1）dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句中，無(wú)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：Dare he tell them what he knows? I darent ask her will you do it

8、for me?（2）dare作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如：He doesnt dare to break his promise.注意：口語(yǔ)中，dare的各種形式常與不帶to的不定式連用。如：Do you dare tell her what I said?7. shall的用法：shall表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)（多用于第一、三人稱(chēng)），如：Shall we go out for a walk?8. should的用法：（1）.should意為“應(yīng)該”，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。如：We should protect the environment.（2）Should have

9、done表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。如：You should have finished your homework.9. will的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多種人稱(chēng)。如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.10. had better的用法：had better意為“最好”，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)的變化，后面接不帶to的不定式，其否定形式為：had better not。如：We had better go now.考點(diǎn)二：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句的回答:1.對(duì)may引出的問(wèn)句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of co

10、urse.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you mustnt. No, you cant.2.對(duì)must引出的疑問(wèn)句，回答方式為：Yes, must. No, neednt/ dont have to.3.could在疑問(wèn)句中，表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，此時(shí)could沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?Could I use your pen?Yes, you can.（注意回答）4. shall引出的疑問(wèn)句用于第一人稱(chēng)，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或客氣的請(qǐng)求。其回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.5.

11、would you的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)Sure . (Im sorry , I cant.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.考點(diǎn)三:不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定意義也不同：1.（1）.cant可譯為“不會(huì)”，如：I cant play basketball.（2）當(dāng)句子表推測(cè)時(shí)，用cant表達(dá)不可能，如：He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.（3）cant還可用來(lái)回答“ May I ? ”這樣的

12、問(wèn)句。如：May I come in ? No, you mustnt. / cant.（4）cant還可用于固定習(xí)語(yǔ)中。cant help doing禁不住，情不自禁cant wait to do something迫不及待地要做2. may的否定式為may not，譯成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.3.（1）mustnt表示不許，不可。如：He mustnt leave his room.(2) mustnt也可用于以may表示要求時(shí)的否定回答中。如：May I stand here?No, you mustnt (cant).4.（1）neednt意為“不必

13、”。如：You neednt meet him unless youd like to.（2）neednt + have+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，表不需要完成但已完成的動(dòng)作，暗含時(shí)間或精力上的浪費(fèi)。如：You neednt have bought it.你沒(méi)必要買(mǎi)它（但你卻買(mǎi)了）。5. shouldnt表示不應(yīng)該。如：You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things.考點(diǎn)四:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + done (動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)。做題時(shí)要兼顧情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這兩個(gè)方面。考點(diǎn)五:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法

14、:一、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)。1、can表示推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。如：That man cant be her husbandshe is still single.2、must表示肯定的推測(cè)，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.3、might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不一定是may的過(guò)去時(shí)，只是表示其可能性較小。如：The man may be the headmaster.4、Could表示推測(cè)時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣can比要弱，說(shuō)話(huà)者留有余地。如：Could it be an animal?It could not be，because it is

15、not moving.5、Should表示推測(cè)的可能性比較大，僅比must的可能性小一點(diǎn)。如：It is already 10 oclock now they should be there.二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在過(guò)的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)性用法。1、“must +have done/been-”表示“過(guò)去一定發(fā)生過(guò)某事或存在過(guò)某種狀態(tài)”，不用于“musnt+have-”形式。如：She must have seen the film before，hasntshe?(注意反意疑問(wèn)句的后半部分)2、“should +have done /been-”表示“本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做

16、”；“shouldnt+完成式”表示“本來(lái)不應(yīng)當(dāng)做，而實(shí)際上卻做了”。以上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有說(shuō)話(huà)者的責(zé)備的感情色彩。如：You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).3、“neednt+完成式”表示“本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要做某事，而實(shí)際上卻做了”。如：There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried .4、“cant /couldnt+have done /been-”表示“過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生了某事或存在過(guò)某種狀態(tài)”。如：I saw

17、 him just now. He cant have gone to Japan.5、“could+have done/been-”表示“過(guò)去本來(lái)能夠，可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài)，而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有”，說(shuō)話(huà)者有些遺憾。6、“may/might+完成式”表示“過(guò)去可能，本來(lái)可以于某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有干”，might的可能性較小，語(yǔ)氣較弱。如：He may have finished reading the book. 【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞易混點(diǎn)歸納】易混點(diǎn)一: can和be able to:兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和過(guò)去式“could”兩種形式，在其他時(shí)態(tài)中要用be able to來(lái)表示。

18、另外be able to常常指經(jīng)過(guò)努力，花費(fèi)了時(shí)間和勞力之后才能做到某事。易混點(diǎn)二:can和may1. can和may均可用來(lái)征求意見(jiàn)或許可，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能幫助你嗎？2. can和may表示可能性時(shí)的區(qū)別：1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can2)在疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)用can，不用might，may，must3)在否定句中用cant（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒？Tha

19、t cant be true.那不可能是真的。易混點(diǎn)三: may be和maybe 用法區(qū)別 常用位置may be may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be為動(dòng)詞原形 句中，作謂語(yǔ)maybe 副詞，大概、也許，相當(dāng)于perhaps 句首，作狀語(yǔ)例如：He may be wrong , but Im not sure.也許他錯(cuò)了，但我也不確定。易混點(diǎn)四：cant和mustnt1. cant根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為：（1）不會(huì)。如：I cant speak English .我不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。（2）不能。如：We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了，我們現(xiàn)在干不了。（3）否定句

20、中表示推測(cè)?！安豢赡堋?，如：The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.。2. mustnt意為“禁止、不許”，用來(lái)表達(dá)命令，表示強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)氣。如：You mustnt play football in the street. Its too dangerous.易混點(diǎn)五：must和have to1.must側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀(guān)上的必要。have to側(cè)重于客觀(guān)上的必要，可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。易混點(diǎn)六: used to do / be used to doing / be used to

21、do/ be used for doing sthused to do表示過(guò)去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去，只用于過(guò)去；而be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣做”；be used to do意為“被使用去做,”為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。be used for doing sth“用作”教學(xué)中的典型題集1. -Mum， may I watch TV now？-Sure， but you _ help me with my English.A. can B. may C. must D. could2. -_ I download the article again？-No，you neednt.A. S

22、hall B. Will C. Must D. Can3. -Can you go skating with us this afternoon？-Sorry， I cant. I _ take care of my little sister at home.A. can B. may C. would D. have to4. -Must I hand in my exercise book today？-No， you _.A. cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. wont5. -May I have a word with you？-No， you _. Im bu

23、sy today.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. dont have toD. cant6. -_I have your English name， please？-Yes， Helen. H-E-L-E-N.A. Must B. May C. Will D. Need7. -Who is the boy over there？ Is it John？-No， it _ be him. John is much taller.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt8. -Can you play Frisbee， Jay？-Yes， I _

24、. Its easy.A. must B. can C. need D. may9.-You must come back every month. -Yes， I _.A. will B. must C. should D. can10. She _ know the answer， but Im not sure.A. maybe B. may be C. may D. must11. - Must we clean the room right now？- No， you. You clean it after lunch.A. neednt；may B. neednt;mustC. M

25、ustnt； can D. mustnt；may12. John_ come to see us tonight， but he isnt very sure yet.A. may B. can C. has to D. must13. Children _ play with fire.A. mustnt B. cant C. shouldnt D. neednt14. -_ I come in， Mr Green？-Yes,come in， please.A. Must B. Need C. Will D. May15. -Must I finish the work today？-No，

26、 you _. You _ finish it tomorrow.A. mustnt； may B. cant； canC. neednt； may D. neednt； must練習(xí)題二1. _ I go out to play now，Mum? No，you_ AMay，shouldnt BCan，neednt CMust，cant DMaymustnt2. Help me with this case_ you? Adont Bwill Cdo Dshall3. They started early that morning in order that they_ there befor

27、e noon Amight get Bmay get Cwould get Dgot 4. A teacher do every exercise，but a pupil_ Aneednt，must Bmay not，must Cneednt, neednt Dcant, must5. If you _ do as I tell you，you_ go to the party Acan，shant Bwill, wont Cwont，shall D wont, shantAwill Bwould Cdo Dcan7. Dont believe himHis story _ be true A

28、mustnt Bneednt Cshouldnt Dmay not8. -She must have gone back to the valley -No, she _ . The entrance to it was nowhere to be found Amustnt Bneednt Ccouldnt Dhadnt 9. You need not do it at once,_? Aneednt you Bmustnt you Cdont you Dneed you10. He must be in the classroom_ he? Amustnt Bcant Cisnt DCan

29、11. Lets go to the libraryshall we? _ ANo，I cant BYesI will CYes，thank you DNo，Wed better not12. You ought to have called him yesterday Yes, I know I_ Aought to Bought to have Cought to have done Dought to have called13. -Why did you keep it a secret from me? -I _ about it Ashould be told Bought to

30、have been told Cshould have told Dought to be told14. The work _ be finished in such a short time Awasnt able to Bcouldnt Cought Dcould15. He looks very tiredHe _ to bed too late last night Amust go Bmust have gone Ccould go Ddidnt go16. The door _ lock Acant Bmay not Cwont Dmustnt17. As a soldier，y

31、ou _ do as the head tells you Awill Bshall Cmay Dought18. How _ you be so careless? Acan Bwill Ccould Dmay 19. I talked for a long time，and in the end I_ make her believe me Acould Bcan Cmust Dwas able to20. Did you scold him for carelessness ? Yes，but _ it AId rather not do BId rather not have done

32、 CI shouldnt do DId better not do21. He neednt come to attend the meeting_ ?Adidnt he Bdoesnt he Cneed he Dmust he22. Fish _ die without water Awill Bshould Cshall Dmust23. Wed better hurryOur teacher _ us Await for Bmust wait for Cmust be waiting for Dhas waited for24. I saw him leave the room an h

33、our agoHe _ at this time Amustnt be working Bcant be working Ccant work Dmay not being working25. _ basketball every day? ADid you used to playing BDid you use to play CUse you to play DUsed you play26. Why_ you keep on troubling me with such questions while I am busy ? Acould Bcan Cmust Dwill27. -Y

34、ou were driving at 100km an hour, sir -But officer，I_ ，my car cant go more than 90. Amay not have been Bcouldnt have been Cwould have been Dneednt have been28. You _ call him if you want to，but you_ ，for hell surely come here soon Acan，neednt Bmay, mustnt Chave to，neednt Dcan, doesnt need29. At last

35、 he _ finish the work ahead of time Acould Bwas able to Ccould have done Dwould have been able to30. There must be some enemy soldiers in the forest. _ any behind the church? AMust there be BShould there be CMay there be DCan there be31. The shy girl_ dance before so many strangers， _she? Adarent，do

36、es Bdarent，dare Cdoesnt，dare Ddare notDares32. “When _ he leave the hospital?” I asked the doctor Awill Bshall Ccan Dmay33. -They havent finished the work up to now -Well，they_. Ashould have Bshould Cought to Dought have34. The money was soon spent，so she _ go hungry Amust Bhad to Cmight DShould35.

37、Jack studied hard and _ pass the examination Acould able to Bwould Cwas able to Dought36. You dont look well，you _ have a fever Amight Bcan Cshall Dshould37. You are running a fever，you _ to see the doctor Aneed go Bmust have gone Cshould go Dcan go38. I _ take the jobNo one _ stop me Awill，can Bcan

38、，must Cmust，can Dwill, must39. There used to be a high tower here，_ ? Awas there Bwasnt there Cused there Dusednt there40. Whenever the teacher was not there, the children _ make a lot of noise Awill Bwould Cwere to Dwere going to41. He must be shy, _ he? A. A must Bmustnt Cis DisntB42. I must do it

39、, _ I? Ado Bdont Cmust Dmustnt43. You did not go to the party yesterday, or I _ you. Awould see Bcould meet Cmight have seen Dmight see44. -How do you like the food here? -Oh，excellent! We _ a better hotel Acant find Bwont find Cmustnt have found Dcouldnt have found45. -We were waiting for you this

40、time yesterday -Sorry，I _ you to tell you that I couldnt come. Amust have called Bwould have been calling Ccould have been calling Dshould have called46. -Would you mind returning the book tomorrow? -_ AOk，I will BSure, I wouldnt CYes，I wouldnt DWhy, I wouldnt47. See whos there! _ it be Mary? AMay B

41、Must CCan DWill48. My little son _ out a1one at night Adares not go Bdares not to go Cdare not to go Ddoesnt dare to go49. You _ miss seeing so good a film，it is one of the best films Ive ever seen Ahad better not to Bhave better not to Chad better to not Dhad better not50. It is strange that she _

42、so A. think Bthinks Cwill think DthoughtA51. _ you rather sit at the back? AWont BWouldnt CDont DWill52. -Where_? -She _ to school, for it is Sunday today Acan she go，cant go B. may be go，may not go Ccan she have gone, cant have gone Dcan she go，cant have gone53. Since she is angry, we _ Ahad better

43、 to leave her alone Bshould leave her alone Cmight as well leave her alone Dmust leave her alone54. -Do you think he will do me a favour? -Its very unlikely，but he _ be prepared to help you Amust Bwill Ccan DMight55. Will you sing a song at the party? No, I_ Awouldnt Bwont Cshouldnt Dshall not56. My

44、 brother used to get up early in the morning，but my sister seldom _. A. used to B. did C. used D. both A and B57. -Will it be raining this afternoon? -No，Im afraid it_ Amay not Bwont Cmustnt Dshouldnt58. You _ in such a hurry，Ill have the car waiting for you Adont need being Bdont have been Cneed no

45、t to be Dneednt be59. I have kept the book for 3 weeksI _ them to the library last week Aought return Bought to return Cought have returned Dought to have returned60. -_ I get you some food? -NothanksA. A Might B. Shall C. Will D. Ought情態(tài)動(dòng)詞歷屆中考真題1.Whose notebook is this? It _ Jims. It has his name o

46、n it.(2012貴州貴陽(yáng)) A. cant be B. must be C. can be2. Is that your teacher? That _ be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Japan with his wife. (2012甘肅雞西市)A. cant B. mustnt C. may not3. Is Maria knocking at the door? (2012 湖北黃石)It _ be her. She is in Australia now. A. may not B. neednt C. mustnt D. cant4. Is Jim co

47、ming by train? (2012四川涼山) Im not sure. He_ drive his car. A. must B. may C. need5. Look! A book is on the floor. Whose is it? (2012山東濟(jì)南)It _be Ricks. It has his name on it. A. mustnt B. cant C. must D. need6. Excuse me, whose Japanese book is this? (2012四川成都)It _ be Toms. In our class, only he is studying Japanese. A. must B. cant C. would7 . Is that girl under the tree Mary? (2011湖北恩施) No, that _be Mary. She is in New York. A. can B. mustnt C. cant8. That man _ be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada. (2011湖南株