(完整版)形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級.docx

1、一、形容詞和副詞的概念形容詞：是修飾名詞（人或事物） ，表示名詞的性質，特征或屬性一種詞類。它在句中作定語、表語和賓語補足語。副詞：用來修飾動詞、形容詞及其他副詞的詞叫副詞。副詞在句中多作狀語 .二、形容詞和副詞的用法形容詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。如:a new book, twobig trees等。形容詞放在系動詞be ,get,turn,become, keep, stay,look,smell,feel, taste, sound,等之后。如 :1.I am short.2.She looks fine.3.They turn green.如果形容詞修飾不定代詞somethin

2、g,anything, everything, nothing等時，要放在不定代詞后面。如 : something interestingnothing new副詞放在所修飾的動詞之后、形容詞和副 詞之前。如果前面是行為動詞，則后面用副詞。如 : 1.She works hard .（修飾動詞）2.I am very busy.（修飾形容詞）3.He runs tooquickly .（修飾副詞）4.We play happily.（修飾動詞）通常在形容詞后加 -ly變成副詞。形容詞副詞比較級最高級變化形式歸納大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級

3、差別。 原級即形容詞的原形， 比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則變化1. 單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞后面直接加-er或 -est1原級比較級最高級talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest特別提醒：以 -y,-er, -ow, le結尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞末尾加er 和 est 。如： healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy,heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。2. 以不發(fā)音的 e 結尾只加 -r 或-st原級

4、比較級最高級nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest3. “以輔音字母 +y”結尾的詞改 y 為 i ，再加 -er 或-est原級比較級最高級easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest4. 以一個元音加一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞， 雙寫后面的輔音字母， 再加-er 或-est原級比較級最高級thinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbig

5、gest特別提醒： new, few, slow, clean等詞含有字母組合，且發(fā)的是長元音，不用雙寫。5. 大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)的詞，要在前面加more ，most原級比較級最高級beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantinterestingmore interestingmost interestingexpensivemore expensivemost expensivepopularmore popularmost popular特別提醒：以形容前綴un 構成的三音節(jié)形容詞

6、不適合上述情況，如 unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest26. 以形容詞 +ly 構成的副詞要在前面加 more ，most原級比較級最高級slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrilymost angrilysoftlymore softlymost softlynoisilymore noisilymost noisily特別提醒： early -earlier-earliest7. 由 ING 分詞和 ED

7、分詞演變過來的形容詞 ( 包括不規(guī)則動詞如knowknown)只能加 more 或 most 來表示它們的比較級和最高級。原級比較級最高級interestingmoremostinterestinginterestingexcitedmore excitedmost excitingtiredmore tiredmost tiredboringmore boringmost boring不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furthfa

8、rthest/furtheerstoldolder/elderoldest/eldest特別提醒：further不僅可以指“距離更遠”，還可指“程度更深”。記住以下三個詞組： further study(進修 )further education(繼續(xù)教育 )further information (進一步的信息 )elder僅用于同輩之間的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐 )elder brother (哥哥 ) less 作為“更少”僅用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少”要用 fewer 。3以下內容不作為初中英語教學內容，僅供拓展之用。少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加 more, m

9、ost 構成比較級和最高級， 這類形容詞一般為表語形容詞和由過去分詞變成的形容詞。afraid - more afraid, most afraidtired - more tired , most tiredfond - more fond , most fondglad - more glad , most gladbored - more bored , most boredpleased- more pleased , most pleased下列形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級有兩種形式，即：既可加-er/-est也可加 more/mostcruel, strict, often, fr

10、iendly, clever下列形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高（即表示“最高程度”或“絕對狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高級）empty, wrong, perfect,unique,extreme,excellent,favourite,true,right, correct, extremely .形容詞副詞比較級最高級使用注意事項比較應在同類事物之間進行。誤： Your English is better than me.正： Your English is better than mine.比較級前可以有一個表示程度的狀語，最常見的三大修飾詞是： a little,much, eve

11、n 。以下單詞也可用來修飾：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。My sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger than ours.4另外，名詞短語也可修飾比較級，說明程度。I m three years older than he.特別提醒： very, quite, too不可修飾比較級。避免重復使用比較級。誤： He is more kinder to small animals than I.正： He is much kinder to small animals th

12、an I.誤： He is more cleverer than his brother.正： He is cleverer than his brother.比較要符合邏輯，在同一范圍內比較時，避免將主語含在比較對象中，這時需使用 other 來排除自身。誤： China is larger that any country in Asia.正： China is larger than any other country in Asia.誤： John studies harder than any student in his class.正： John studies harder t

13、han any other student in his class.正： John studiesharder than any of the otherstudentsin his class.正： John studies harder than anyone else in his class.比較要遵循前后一致的原則，注意前后呼應。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is

14、 the second largest continent.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.為避免重復，我們通常用that,those,one, ones 代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。5that 代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞， those 代替可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。 one 既可指人又可指物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The weather in China is different from that in America.The

15、book on the tableis more interestingthan that( 或 the one)on thedesk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.誤： In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.正： In winter,the weather of Beijingis colderthan thatof Shanghai.“否定詞 + 比較級”相當于最高級。-Wait until we get a satisfa

16、ctory reply, will you?-I couldnt agree more. The idea sounds great to me.Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.比較級前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者，且比較級后又有名詞或出現(xiàn)了 of the two，這時比較級前一定要加the 。He is the taller of the two.Of the two jobs，he chose the harder.Which is the you

17、nger one, Lily or Lucy?試比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.不含 than的比較級前可加不定冠詞修飾， 構成“ a/an+ 比較級 +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示 “一個更 的人 / 物”。Why dont you use a sharper knife?你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢？比較級 tha

18、n后應用人稱代詞的主格，但非正式語體中常用賓格。6He is taller than I/me.為避免重復，比較級中同樣的動詞用助動詞do, does, did替代。I spend less time doing homework than John does.She tells more funny jokes than we do.以下內容不是初中教學的重點，僅供拓展之用。形容詞 most 前面沒有 the ，不表示最高級的含義，只表示“非?！?。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.倍數(shù)表達法A is

19、 three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/ 這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大 / 亞洲比歐洲大三倍。A is three (four, etc.)tim

20、es bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。用 times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice 或 double.形容詞副詞比較級最高級重點句型歸納句型一：形容詞或副詞比較級+than注意事項：該句型為比較級的最基本句型。只要看到than ，即可確定前面使用比較級。He is taller than I am.The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.句型二： less

21、 +形容詞的原級 + than注意事項：該句型表示“不如、不及”，特別需要注意的是， less 本身就是 little 的比較級，后面必須跟形容詞的原級，否定就造成了比較級的重復使用。7This computer is less expensive than that one.句型三： as + 形容詞或副詞的原級 + as注意事項：該句型表示對比的兩者程度相當， as 之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級，決不能使用比較級。 此外，還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。 確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個 as 前的動詞，如果是系動詞（如 be，感官動詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel

22、等），那么就用形容詞的原級，如果前面的動詞是一般的實義動詞，那么就必須用副詞的原級修飾動詞。This lesson is as easy as that one.Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.特別提醒： asas 之間也可以跟名詞，句型如下：as + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 +asHe is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。as + many/much+ 不可數(shù)名詞 / 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) +asI can carry as much paper as y

23、ou can.你能搬多少紙，我也能。I have as many books as you do.我的書和你的一樣多。Well give you as much help as we can.我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。其它幾個關于asas 的句型： as as o ne can ：盡其所能 He began to run as fast as he could.asas possible：盡可能Please help us as quickly as possible. as soon as 一 就 He will call me as soon as he comes here.句型四： n

24、ot as/so +形容詞或副詞的原級 + as注意事項：該句型表示“前者不如后者 ”， 往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。 第一個 as 可以換為 so。8This classroom is not as bright as yours.I cannot run as fast as you.句型五： the + 形容詞或副詞最高級 + in / of / among +比較范圍注意事項：如果這里為副詞最高級， 前面的 the 常常省略。介詞 in 和 of 的用法完全不一樣。 in 表示“在某一范圍內”，如： in the classroom ，in the world 。of表示“在同類之間

25、”， of 后面的詞與主語同類， 另名詞前一般有冠詞 the 。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之間”， among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.Peter is the tallest of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these.句型六： one of +形容詞最高級 +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式注意事項：one of 有三大考點： 1.后跟形容詞最高級； 2.后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式；3. 作主語時主

26、語為 one，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.句型七：比較級 +and + 比較級 / more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級注意事項：該句型表示“越來越 ”，如果該形容詞比較級構成形式加 er ，則用前面的句型；如果該形容詞比較級加 more 構成，則用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hotter.The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.句型八： the + 比較級 +, the +比較級 +注意事項：該句型意思為“越 就越 ”，表示兩種情況同時變化。The more you eat, the fatter you will be.9In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes yo