后殖民主義(1)

1、Post-colonialism and Popular Culture Edward Wadie Said (Arabic: ?000?0 ?0 ? , Idwrd Wad Sad; 1 November 1935 25 September 2003) was a Palestinian American literary theorist and public intellectual who helped found the critical-theory field of postcolonialism. Born in Jerusalem in Mandatory Palestine

2、 to Palestinian parents resident in Egypt, he was an American citizen through his father. Said spent his childhood in Jerusalem and Cairo, where he attended elite British and American schools. Subsequently he left for the United States, where he obtained a bachelors degree from Princeton and a docto

3、rate in English literature from Harvard. Said then joined the faculty of Columbia University in 1963, where he became professor of English and comparative literature in 1991. Culture defined by Said 1. It means all those practices, like the arts of description, communication, and representation, tha

4、t have relative autonomy from the economic, social, and political realms and that often exist in aesthetic forms, one of whose principal aims is pleasure. The main battle in imperialism is over land, of course; but when it came to who owned the land, who had the right to settle and work on it, who k

5、ept it going, who won it back, and who now plans its future these issues were reflected, contested, and even for a time decided in narrative. Second, and almost imperceptibly, culture is a concept that includes a refining and elevating element, each societys reservoir of the best that has been known

6、 and thought. This differentiates “us” from “them”, almost always with some degree of xenophobia. Culture in this sense is a source of identity, and a rather combative one at that, as we see in recent “returns” to culture and tradition. No culture in the world has the right to condemn other cultures

7、 on the basis of the idea that we are better or superior to others. Some culture produces best poetry, literature, and art and so on, but at the same time they also committed cruelty, dirty deeds. 菊與刀 The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture the Japanese are both aggressive and

8、unaggressive, both militaristic and aesthetic, both insolent and polite, rigid and adaptable, submissive and resentful of being pushed around, loyal and treacherous, brave and timid, conservative and hospitable to new ways The analysis of the Great Expectations by Dickens and Nostromo by Conrad come

9、s to the idea of the so-called imperialism countries or empires. “We are number one, we are bound to lead, we stand for freedom and order, and so on”. the notions about bringing civilization to primitive or barbaric people “they” mainly understood force or violence best; they are not like “us”, and

10、for that reason deserved to be ruled How shall we understand equality? the absence of legally enforced social class or caste boundaries And the absence of discrimination motivated by an inalienable part of a persons identity that India, Africa, and South America also had lives and cultures with inte

11、grities not totally controlled by the gringo imperialists and reformers of the world anti-imperialist independence movements were not all corrupt and in the pay of the puppet masters in London or Washington There are resistances, and in the world wide, most of these resistances actually win. For the

12、 first time, the history of imperialism and its culture can now be studied as neither monolithic nor reductively compartmentalized, separate, distinct. In our wish to make ourselves heard, we tend very often to forget that the world is a crowded place.But if everyone were to insist on the radical pu

13、rity or priority of ones own voice, then what will happen? The book is focused on several individual works and some western countries, especially the America, France and British. The time for discussion in the book is after the cold war. Though the research of the book will not exempt the aggrieved

14、colonized people, it still will show alternatives, and to illustrate that the world and cultures are not monolithic nor deterministic. Old authority cannot simply be replaced by new authority, but that new alignments made across borders, types, nations and essences are rapidly coming into view, and

15、challenge the old imperialism. Yet the ideological concern over identity is understandably entangled with the interests and agendas of various groups. And taking American society as an exceptional example. The author thinks that the subsuming and tolerant American culture is more acceptable. Analysis of Lindo Jong: Double face Contrasts: 1. What are the characteristics I think are Chinese have and what are those