現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精品PPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會計(jì)學(xué)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精品現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精品 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) have/has+動詞動詞過去分詞過去分詞 （hashas用于第三人稱單數(shù)）用于第三人稱單數(shù)）第1頁/共62頁 一般在動詞原形末尾 加-ed-ed work play worked played worked played 結(jié)尾是e的動詞加-d-d hope live hoped lived hoped lived 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字 母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先 雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再 加-ed-ed stop trip stopped tripped stopped tripped 結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”的動詞，先變“y y”為“ i i”

2、再加-ed-ed study worry studiedworried studiedworried第2頁/共62頁第3頁/共62頁第4頁/共62頁有些動詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA第5頁/共62頁原型原型過去式過去式過去分詞過去分詞例詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-

3、ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含規(guī)則動詞)第6頁/共62頁1.另有一些其它形式的變化。have (has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改變單詞中間元音字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone

4、hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)ABB(含規(guī)則動詞)第7頁/共62頁ABC原型原型過去式過去式過去分過去分詞詞例詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,write第8頁/共6

5、2頁ABC有些動詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞。 take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been,do (does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-s

6、een show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied) 第9頁/共62頁I.寫出下列動詞的過去分詞形式寫出下列動詞的過去分詞形式.1.wake _ 2. teach _ 3. sell _4. see _ 5. ride _ 6. pay _7. choose _ 8. throw _ 9. think _10. eat _ 11. drive _ 12. catch _13. bring _ 14. break _15. give _16. get _17. know _ 18. open _19. write _ 20. forg

7、et _woken taughtsold seenridden paid chosen thrownthought eaten driven caught brought brokengiven gotgotten known openedwritten forgotten第10頁/共62頁第一人稱第一人稱第二人稱第二人稱第三人稱第三人稱肯定句肯定句( (主語主語 + + 助動詞助動詞have/has + 動詞的詞的過去分詞過去分詞。) )I have written an article.We have written an article.You have written an artic

8、le.You have written an article.He/She/It has written an article.They have written an article.否定句否定句( (主語主語 + + 助動詞助動詞have/has + not + have/has + not + 動詞的過去分詞。動詞的過去分詞。) )I havent written an article.We havent written an article.You havent written an article.You havent written an article.He/She/It has

9、nt written an article.They havent written an article.一般疑問句一般疑問句( (助動詞助動詞Have/Has + Have/Has + 主語主語 + + 動詞的過去動詞的過去分詞分詞?)?)Have you written an article?Have you written an article?Have you written an article?Have you written an article?Has he/she/it written an article?Have they written an article?特殊疑問句

10、特殊疑問句( (特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞+have/has+have/has+主語主語+ +動動詞的過去分詞？詞的過去分詞？) )What have you done ?What have you done ?What have you done ?What have you done ?What has he/she/it done ?What have they done ?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：第11頁/共62頁I havent seen him since his wedding day .Have you seen him since his wedding day?Yes,I have

11、. / No, I havent.第12頁/共62頁 Has he written to you since you have been ill? He hasnt written to me since I have been illYes, he has.No, he hasnt.第13頁/共62頁 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法 (一)表示在說話之前就已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系。常用的時(shí)間狀語有already/yet/ever/never/just/before等.- Its so dark.- Someone has turned off the light a

12、lready.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?- I have already finished my homework. I am free.( (我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè),對現(xiàn)對現(xiàn)在造成的在造成的結(jié)結(jié)果是很有空果是很有空)第14頁/共62頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中時(shí)間狀語的用法區(qū)別1.already在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法 肯定句: 句中(助后實(shí)前)/句末 “己經(jīng)”一般疑問句: 句末(表示驚訝的語氣)“難道” Ive already had breakfast. = Ive had breakfast a

13、lready.(表示強(qiáng)調(diào)) Have you had breakfast already?第15頁/共62頁注: 有already的句子在時(shí)態(tài)上并不都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),判斷時(shí)要看該詞后是否有動詞的過去分詞. She has already been late.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ） She was already late.（一般過去時(shí)）第16頁/共62頁2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法 否定句:句末 “還(沒)”疑問句: 句末 “己經(jīng)” I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?第17頁/共62頁注: 帶already的肯定句變成否定

14、句或疑問句時(shí), already要變成yet放在句末。 I have already done my homework.否定句否定句: :一般疑問句一般疑問句: :I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?第18頁/共62頁 3. ever在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法 肯定句/疑問句 : 句中 “曾經(jīng)” Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing? 第19頁/共62頁4. never在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法否定句否定句: 句中句中 “從來沒有從來沒有”Ive

15、never been to Beijing.第20頁/共62頁注: 帶ever的肯定句變否定句時(shí), 要將ever變成never; 帶ever的一般疑問句作否定回答時(shí)可用“No, never.” He has ever made dumplings.否定句否定句:一般疑：一般疑：Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.He has never made dumplings.第21頁/共62頁5. just在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法用于用于句中句中, 表示表示“剛剛剛剛” Ive just had breakfast. What have they ju

16、st done?第22頁/共62頁6. before在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法用于用于句末句末, 表示表示“以前以前” Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?第23頁/共62頁 (二)表示一個(gè)從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài).通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已我已經(jīng)學(xué)了經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。多年的英語。(從從10年前開始年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))She has swum s

17、ince half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游到現(xiàn)在還在游)第24頁/共62頁1.for + I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.時(shí)間段時(shí)間段第25頁/共62頁2. since +從句(一般過去時(shí)) 詞組 (表示過去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn) I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here sinc

18、e I graduated in 2000.第26頁/共62頁since: (自自以來以來)1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 從句從句She has taught English since he came here.for: (長達(dá)）長達(dá)）for+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法:第27頁/共62頁 for just

19、ever since yet第28頁/共62頁注1): 對for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?第29頁/共62頁注2): 短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用. (誤)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for

20、 5 years. 第30頁/共62頁選用選用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 mi

21、nutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincsi

22、nce eforforsincesince第31頁/共62頁瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞第32頁/共62頁 若瞬間動詞要接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語,我們可用相應(yīng)的來代替瞬間動詞。 You can keep the book for 2 weeks.第33頁/共62頁第34頁/共62頁瞬間動詞與延續(xù)動詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換第35頁/共62頁5.短暫動詞和短暫動詞和延續(xù)動詞轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)動詞轉(zhuǎn)換瞬間性動詞瞬間性動詞延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/finishdiecatch a coldbecome interested inget married第

23、36頁/共62頁瞬間性動詞瞬間性動詞延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞put onget upwake upfall asleepjoinarrive/reach第37頁/共62頁He has been at the station for half an hour . He arrived at the station half an hour agoHe _the club since two years ago .A.Joined B. has joined C. has been in翻譯：這個(gè)電影已經(jīng)放映十五分鐘了翻譯：這個(gè)電影已經(jīng)放映十五分鐘了-The film has been on for

24、fifteen minutes.XC第38頁/共62頁studiedkeptbeengonebeen第39頁/共62頁have /has been tohave / has gone to have / has been in的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別 have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。常與just、ever、never連用。 They have been to Beijing.(去過北京，現(xiàn)在人在衡陽)have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 They have gone to Beijing.

25、(現(xiàn)在在北京或去北京的途中)have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。 They have been in Beijing for two years.(在北京呆了兩年)第40頁/共62頁 have been to haventhas gone to第41頁/共62頁have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been第42頁/共62頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對

26、現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時(shí)間狀語連用。狀語連用。 一般過去時(shí)只單純表示過去的動作或狀一般過去時(shí)只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。時(shí)間狀語連用。第43頁/共62頁He has lived in Beijing since 1999.自自19991999年以來他一直住在北京。年以來他一直住在北京。（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）He lived in Bejing in 1999.在在1

27、9991999年的時(shí)候他在北京住過。年的時(shí)候他在北京住過。（現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）（現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）第44頁/共62頁 It is +一段時(shí)間 +since+句子(一般過去時(shí)) =一段時(shí)間+has passed +since + 句子(一般過去時(shí)) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.第45頁/共62頁第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He He bought an English-Chinese

28、dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has ithe still has it” ” “ “過去他買了一本英漢字典，過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說明。調(diào)說明。第46頁/共62頁eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但since(since(自

29、自以來以來)+)+某一過去時(shí)間或某一過去時(shí)間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。時(shí)連用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.第47頁/共62頁yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), ), the day before yesterday(the day before yesterday(前天前天), ),just now(just now(剛才剛才) )， 時(shí)間時(shí)間+ ago, + ago, last

30、 +last +時(shí)間時(shí)間 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .第48頁/共62頁 Have mended have did mend mended havent seen joined has been第49頁/共62頁 has given smoking smoke havent come went havent visited第50頁/共62頁He went to Beijing yesterday. （現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）（現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）He has be

31、en in Beijing for two days. （說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）第51頁/共62頁P(yáng)racticePractice第52頁/共62頁單項(xiàng)選擇單項(xiàng)選擇1. He _ working.A. have just started B. has just startC. has just stars D. has just started2. _ you _ your suitcase yet?A. Do, pack B. Did, pack C. Have, packD. Have , packed3. I _ my room already.A. have

32、 tidied B. had tidied C. have tidiedD. will tidy4. There _ several meetings during the past few days.A. have been B. has been C. will be D. are第53頁/共62頁5. I _ my plane ticket, but I cant find it.A. will buy B. would buy C. have boughtD. have buyed6. -What has Denis done? -He _ over a vase.A. has kno

33、cked B. had knocked C. knockedD. is knocking7. Everything is all right; nothing _.A. is happened B. was happened C. will be happened D. has happened8. They cant buy a computer because they _ all their money.A. are spending B. have spent C. spendD. will spend第54頁/共62頁1. 去年我去了蘇州。We went to Suzhou last

34、 year.2. 我每天早上7：00起床。I get up at 7:00 every day.3. 下個(gè)星期我要去看望我的老師。I am going to visit my teacher next week.4. 看！那邊有個(gè)女孩在哭。Look! The girl is crying over there.5. 湯姆去過北京2次了。Tom has been to Beijing twice.6. 他住在那兒已經(jīng)有十年了。He has lived there for ten year.第55頁/共62頁It is just two days since I came hereTwo days

35、 has passed since I came here lIt_ (be) ten years since I _(finish) middle school. ishas been finished第56頁/共62頁動動 詞詞 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do) it

36、an hour agoan hour ago. .2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanecleaned dhave donehave donediddiddododiddidH

37、asHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen第57頁/共62頁4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen