過去分詞作定語與表語

1、精品文檔概念引入 今天我們要學(xué)習(xí)過去分詞作表語和定語的用法。先看下面這些句子：1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (inspired過去分詞作表語；exposed過去分詞作定語)2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (terrified 過去分詞作定語)3. He became interested in two theorie

2、s that possibly explained how cholera killed people. (interested 過去分詞作表語)4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. (affected 過去分詞作定語)5. He was determined to find out why. （determined 過去分詞作表語）6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the di

3、rty water from London. (polluted 過去分詞作定語)上面句子中的黑體詞都是過去分詞，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三個(gè)詞跟在系動(dòng)詞became、was后作表語；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四個(gè)詞放在名詞前或后修飾名詞，作定語。那么過去分詞是什么？有什么作用？我們將在本單元和下兩個(gè)單元中與同學(xué)們一起學(xué)習(xí)。用法講解過去分詞的作用英語中動(dòng)詞如果不作謂語時(shí)叫非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞分為：不定式（to do）、動(dòng)詞-ing形式（doing）和過去分詞（done）。動(dòng)詞-ing形式可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞：現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，如a sleeping bo

4、y中的sleeping強(qiáng)調(diào)“睡覺”這一動(dòng)作，而且此動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與所修飾詞boy有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系（即sleeping的動(dòng)作是boy做的），因此是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語；而a sleeping bag中的sleeping強(qiáng)調(diào)功能，表示“用來睡覺的”，是動(dòng)名詞作定語。過去分詞多表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和完成，但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞常表示“完成”的動(dòng)作，而不表示“被動(dòng)”意義。本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)過去分詞作表語和定語。1. 與助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語：1）過去分詞與have/ has/ had一起構(gòu)成完成時(shí)，如： Haveyou ever been to abroad before? 你以前出過國嗎？(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) The

5、 roads were full of people. We hadnt thought of that. （過去完成時(shí)） 路上到處都是人。我們之前沒有想到這一點(diǎn)。2）過去分詞與be動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 Will the goods be delivered to us on time? 這些貨物能按時(shí)交付給我們嗎？ These books are not intended for children. 這些書不是為孩子們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的。2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞用法作為非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中作定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。1）作表語： I am awfully worried, because Daddy is

6、ill.我很著急，因?yàn)榘职植×恕?）作定語： She had a worried look on her face. 她滿面愁容。3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語： She wanted the work finished by Friday. 她要求這工作星期五前完成。4）作狀語： They came in, followed by their wives. 他們走了進(jìn)來，妻子們跟隨在后。 Convinced that they were trying to poison her, she refused to eat anything. 她認(rèn)為他們想毒害她，便拒絕吃任何東西。過去分詞作定語1. 過去分詞作

7、定語的位置單個(gè)過去分詞作定語時(shí)，多放在被修飾詞前，而分詞短語多放在被修飾詞后。Martins confused sorrows turned to optimism. 馬丁煩亂的悲哀情緒轉(zhuǎn)而變成了樂觀情緒。The play put on by the teachers was a big success. 老師們表演的戲很成功。注意：有些單個(gè)的過去分詞，習(xí)慣上要放在被修飾詞后面；過去分詞如果修飾代詞時(shí)，也多放在被修飾詞后。 There is little time left. Lets hurry up. 剩下的時(shí)間不多了，我們趕快吧。 He is one of those invited.

8、他是被邀請(qǐng)的人之一。2. 過去分詞作定語時(shí)的意義：首先我們研究一下這些例句：1）She had a worried look on her face. 她臉上有擔(dān)心的表情。2）The frightened horse ran away from the fire. 恐懼的馬逃離了大火。3）She had confused feelings about him. 她對(duì)他的感覺有點(diǎn)迷惑。4）He wore an embarrassed expression. 他一副尷尬的表情。 句1）中worried修飾“l(fā)ook（表情）”。也許你還記得老師說過： 物時(shí)要用-ing形式，人就用-ed形式，初中時(shí)老

9、師會(huì)這樣講，如： Im interested in the book. The book is interesting. 但是在高中，我們就要思考、分析一下，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)事物也會(huì)用-ed，而人也可能用-ing。注意句1）， 凡是“表情（look/ expression）”一定都是“由里向外”發(fā)出的，如： 我高興-pleased look 我滿意- satisfied look 我擔(dān)憂-worried look 也就是說，自己由里而外的感覺要用-ed的形式。 什么時(shí)候人可能用-ing形式呢？如： 看到一個(gè)可愛的男孩兒跑過來了，我們可以說：The boy is interesting. 再如： She

10、 is frightened. -表示“She”膽子小，很害怕，是內(nèi)部的感覺；但是如果“She”長(zhǎng)得像個(gè)妖怪呢？就該是“She is frightening.”了，指的是horrible（嚇人的）。 所以-ing形式是“給別人的感覺”，而-ed是內(nèi)在的感覺。這是?？嫉囊族e(cuò)點(diǎn)。 句2）中the frightened horse指受到驚嚇的馬，是馬內(nèi)在的感受；不指馬長(zhǎng)得難看。 同樣，句3）中confused feelings也是指內(nèi)在的感受； 句4）中an embarrassed expression是由于內(nèi)心的尷尬而發(fā)出的表情。 再看下面的短語中的過去分詞： theunemployed (未受雇

11、傭的)workers - “工人”是“未被雇傭的” thescheduled (依時(shí)刻表運(yùn)行的)train - “火車”是被定了時(shí)間表的 the advertised (廣告中的)product -“商品”是被做了廣告 the buried (掩埋的)treasure - 被埋的珍寶（bury） the injured (受傷的)passenger - injure sb./oneself 使某人/自己受傷，乘客“被使受傷”的，此處更強(qiáng)調(diào)“完成” fallen leaves - fall是不及物動(dòng)詞，fallen此處只表示“完成”小結(jié)：1）及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，被修飾詞經(jīng)常是過去分詞動(dòng)作

12、的承受者，即邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此時(shí)過去分詞表示 被動(dòng)，有時(shí)還表示動(dòng)作的完成。此時(shí)過去分詞與其附屬成分（賓語或狀語等）相當(dāng)于定語從句。 He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London （=which had been polluted by the dirty water from London）. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)水是從被倫敦排出的臟水污染了的河里來的。（表示被動(dòng)和完成） Its said that an honoured guest will be here in half an hour. （只

13、表示被動(dòng)） 據(jù)說半小時(shí)后有位受尊敬的客人就到了。2）不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，只表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。 vanished jewels消失了的珠寶 a retired teacher 一位退休教師3. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別：1）語態(tài)上的不同 注意被修飾詞與分詞動(dòng)作的關(guān)系： 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，即現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作是被修飾詞做的。 過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，即被修飾詞是過去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。 對(duì)比： spoken English 英語口語 （英語是被說的） an English-speaking country 一個(gè)說英語的國家 （國家的人說英語-主動(dòng)） 再如： a simply-furnished r

14、oom 裝修簡(jiǎn)單的房間 （房間被裝修） a fast developing country 快速發(fā)展的國家（國家發(fā)展-主動(dòng)）2）時(shí)間關(guān)系上的不同 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而過去分詞多表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。 the changing world 正在發(fā)生變化的世界 the changed world 已經(jīng)變化了的世界 再如： the house being built 正在建造的房子 the house built in 2010 2010年建造的房子過去分詞作表語1. 過去分詞放在系動(dòng)詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, become等后作表語, 多為及物動(dòng)詞變化而來的

15、，有被動(dòng)意 味，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。 He became annoyed with the students. 他非常生學(xué)生的氣。 Are you married or single? 你是已婚還是單身？ He seems well qualified for the job. 他好像非常勝任這個(gè)工作。2. 少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞也可以作表語，只有完成的意思，也說明主語所處的狀態(tài)。 Gone are the days（=The days are gone）when my heart was young and gay. 我的心又年輕又愉快的日子一去不復(fù)返了。 The sun is set.

16、Lets go home. 太陽落山了，我們回家吧。 3. 過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別： 過去分詞作表語表示狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。 The cup is broken. 那個(gè)茶杯打碎了。（指茶杯現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，系表結(jié)構(gòu)） The cup was broken by Tom when he took it to the living room.（指過去動(dòng)作，被動(dòng)語態(tài)） 那個(gè)是湯姆打碎的，當(dāng)時(shí)他正把它拿到客廳去。4. 與感覺有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別： 在過去分詞作定語部分我們已經(jīng)涉及到這些詞的用法了，下面是從動(dòng)詞角度去理解的方法。 這些與感覺有關(guān)的及物動(dòng)詞的意思都是“使（某人

17、）.”，其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，即“令人有某種感覺 的”；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義，即“人被引起某種感覺的”，指人“內(nèi)在的感覺”。如： interest 意思是“使（某人）感興趣”； interesting 意思為“令人感興趣的，有趣的”，表示事物的性質(zhì)； interested 表示“感興趣的”，表示人內(nèi)心的感覺。 區(qū)別： His novels will interest everyone who reads them. (interest 動(dòng)詞，使.感興趣) 他的小說會(huì)使每位讀者感興趣。 His novels are interesting. (interesting 現(xiàn)在分詞，有主動(dòng)意義，指主

18、語的性質(zhì)) 他的小說很有趣。 Everyone will be interested in his novels. (interested 過去分詞，有被動(dòng)意義，指人的感覺) 每個(gè)人都會(huì)對(duì)他的小說感興趣。 再如： 1. The result of the test was rather _. （disappoint） 2. He was very _ at the result of the test. （disappoint） 3. His look was _and the children felt _. （frighten） 解析： 1. disappointing。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示事物

19、的特點(diǎn)。句意：測(cè)試的結(jié)果很令人失望。 2. disappointed。用過去分詞表示主語內(nèi)心的感覺。句意：他對(duì)考試的結(jié)果很失望。 3. frightening；frightened。第一空說明“他的表情”的特點(diǎn)是“令人/讓別人恐懼的”，用現(xiàn)在分詞；第二空 表示“孩子”的內(nèi)心感覺，用過去分詞。句意：他的面貌很嚇人，孩子們都很害怕。對(duì)比并記憶下列詞語：動(dòng)詞 （使某人.） 現(xiàn)在分詞 （令人.） 過去分詞 （感到.） move 使感動(dòng) moving 令人感動(dòng)的 moved 受感動(dòng)的amuse 使發(fā)笑 amusing 有趣的，逗人發(fā)笑的amused 被逗笑的astonish 使吃驚 astonishin

20、g 令人吃驚的 astonished 感到吃驚的excite 使激動(dòng) exciting激動(dòng)人心的 excited 感到激動(dòng)的bore 使煩惱 boring無趣的，單調(diào)乏味的 bored 感到無聊的amaze 使大為吃驚 amazing 令人驚異的 amazed 感到驚奇的satisfy 使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足 satisfying 令人滿意（足）的 satisfied 感到滿意的又如：動(dòng)詞-ing形式： encouraging令人鼓舞的 inspiring 鼓舞人的 moving感人的surprising令人吃驚的puzzling 令人困惑的 promising 有希望的 過去分詞：discourag

21、ed 氣餒的 frightened 恐懼的 pleased 感到高興的tired感到疲倦的 worried感到擔(dān)心的 shocked 感到震驚的delighted 感到高興的 hurt受傷的 inspired 感到受鼓舞的worn out 筋疲力盡的 鞏固練習(xí). 用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1. Seeing the _ (frighten) snake, the _ (frighten) girl held her fathers arm tightly.2. A theory _ (put) forward by Einstein is well known to all.3. Whats th

22、e language _（speak）in that country?4. We must keep a secret of the things _ (discuss) here.5. A woman, _ (dress) in a beautiful blouse came in and sat in the first row.6. Your mother was _ (annoy) at your saying that.7. The house _ (stand) at the corner of the street was built at the beginning of la

23、st century.8. Can those _ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem.9. The flower _ (smell) terrible should be taken out of the room.10. He seemed quite _ (delight) at the news.11. The first three rows of the hall are _ (reserve) for special guests, so you cant sit here.12. I followed

24、my brother and entered a dark _ (crowd) room.13. He walked up and down the room, like an animal _ (trap) in a cage.14. Many people became _ (terrify) of cholera and began to move out of the village.15. I will take the vase _ (break) by my son to that old man to see if he can mend it. 用非謂語動(dòng)詞把下面復(fù)合句改成簡(jiǎn)

25、單句。1. This is the handbook which was introduced by the scientist. _2. We have to pay taxes on goods which are imported from abroad._3. It sounded like a train that was going under my house._4. The material, which was discovered by accident, has saved many peoples lives._5. Any article that is left i

26、n these buses will be taken to the Lost Office at once._6. Nearly half the 140 articles that were presented were new compositions._7. The young man who is lying under the tree is a teacher in that high school._8. I am filled with desire that Ill go back home as soon as possible._. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. There was

27、a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed2. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing3. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scient

28、ists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting4. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed5. Prices of daily goods _ through the Internet can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying6. He looked around an

29、d caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting7. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solving; making B. to solving; madeC. to solve; ma

30、king D. to solve; made8. Dont respond to any e-mails _ personal information, no matter how official they look.A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning9. Cleaning women in this city usually get _ by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay10. She looked at me with a _ expression. Maybe

31、the problem was quite _.A. puzzled; puzzling B. puzzling; puzzledC. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzling; puzzling11. What surprised me most was that the shops had remained _ for two weeks.A. shutting B. shut C. to be shut D. to shut12. The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.A. rose B. risi

32、ng C. to rise D. risen13. The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected14. Most of us have already known the problems _ at the meeting which will be held tomorrowafternoon.A. to discuss B. being discus

33、sed C. discussed D. to be discussed15. While you were not in, a person _ himself Jack phoned you.A. called B. calling C. to call D. having called16. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in17. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get furth

34、er information.A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope18. Could you tell me what the _ boy _?A. lost, put on B. missing, has on C. missing, is dressed D. gone, wears19. The foreign scientist _ at the meeting will give us a lecture next week.A. referred to B. referred C. referring D. referring to20. Sa

35、ndy, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change21. Tell Kate that theres someone _ for her at the school gate.A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait22. Its dangerous to get close to the building _.A. under construction

36、B. built C. been built D. building23. There have been several new events _ to the program for the Olympic Games.A. add B. to add C. adding D. added24. He always remains _ until the train has come to a complete stop, gets up quickly and rushesto the door.A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat25. The

37、 most popular food for foreigners _ on any menu in Beijing is roast duck.A. include B. including C. to include D. included答案與解析 . 用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1. frightening, frightened。第一空表示事物性質(zhì)是讓人害怕的，用-ing形式；第二空表示女孩的內(nèi)心感覺，用過去分詞。2. put。put與所修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且已經(jīng)完成，用過去分詞。A theory put forward 被提出的理論。3. spoken。語言是被說的，所以用過去分詞做定語

38、，修飾language。4. being discussed。根據(jù)句子的場(chǎng)景，說話人說“我們必須對(duì)這里正討論的事情保密”， 強(qiáng)調(diào)事情“正在被討論”更符合題意，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式。5. dressed。dress是及物動(dòng)詞，表示“給某人/自己穿衣服”，即dress sb./ oneself；要表示“（人）穿 著.”，要用be dressed，此句中去掉be用過去分詞作非限制性定語。6. annoyed。annoy是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使煩惱”，用過去分詞表示“感到煩惱”。7. standing。stand與所修飾詞house是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即“房子矗立著”，用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。8. seated。s

39、eat是及物動(dòng)詞，要用seat sb./oneself，表示“使某人/自己就坐”，與人之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 所以用 seated作those的定語。9. smelling。smell是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“聞起來”，與“花”是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。10. delighted。delight是及物動(dòng)詞，意思為“使某人高興”，表示“（人）感到高興”時(shí)用過去分詞。11. reserved。 reserve 意為“保留，預(yù)訂”，座位是被保留或預(yù)訂的，所以用過去分詞作表語。12. crowded。crowd作動(dòng)詞時(shí)指“（人）擠滿”，房間時(shí)被人擠滿的，所以用crowded作定語。a crowded room 意為

40、“擁擠的房間”。13. trapped。trap意為“使陷入困境、誘捕”，動(dòng)物是被誘捕的，被使陷入困境的，所以用過去分詞短語作后置定語，此處表示“被困在”。14. terrified。terrify 意為“使某人恐懼”，用過去分詞作表語，表示人內(nèi)心的感受是“感到恐懼的”。15. broken?；ㄆ渴潜淮蚱频模杂眠^去分詞作定語。. 用非謂語動(dòng)詞把下面復(fù)合句改成簡(jiǎn)單句。1. This is the handbook introduced by the scientist.2. We have to pay taxes on goods imported from abroad.3. It so

41、unded like a train going under my house.4. The material, discovered by accident, has saved many peoples lives.5. Any article left in these buses will be taken to the Lost Office at once.6. Nearly half the 140 articles presented were new compositions.7. The young man lying under the tree is a teacher

42、 in that high school.8. I am filled with desire to go back home as soon as possible.解析：（1）3、7小題作定語的動(dòng)詞go和lie與所修飾詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且表示正在進(jìn)行，所以改成現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。（2）8小題desire（愿望）后面接的是同位語從句，因?yàn)楸硎镜氖菍淼膭?dòng)作，所以用不定式to go作同位語。（3）其他小題要作定語的動(dòng)詞與所修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作定語。. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. B。首先要注意到句子已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞“was”，而follow要作noise的定語；注意follow后有賓語，“noise”和

43、 “follow”是主動(dòng)的，即“聲音”跟著“突然的亮光”，排除A、C、D，用現(xiàn)在分詞。2. C。play作及物動(dòng)詞可以接“比賽”作賓語，即play與其修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作定語。3. A。invite和其修飾詞people是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且從“most of the people”可知邀請(qǐng)的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該將要做或已經(jīng)完成，選項(xiàng)B不定式需用被動(dòng)形式，所以用選項(xiàng)A的過去分詞作定語；being invited雖然表示被動(dòng)，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)“正在進(jìn)行”，所以不符題意。4. A。get separated “走散”，過去分詞作表語，注意separate與下文from的搭配。get lost （迷路）不能與 from搭配。5. B。bought作定語修飾goods，goods（商品）是被買的，所以用過去分詞。6. D。putting作定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句who was putting his hand 修飾the man。7. B。the key to . 中to是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用-ing形式；第二空過去分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于the demand which was made by the customers。8. C。request 意為“要求、請(qǐng)求