M6U2Grammarandusage

1、Words and expressions:Be curious about (everything)Be concerned about (me)Be content with second place(get) hot under the collarFly off the handleOver the moonOn cloud nineFeel blueDown in the dumpsUnder a black cloudBe stuck/ caught between/ inAn average studentImprove my marksThey make me feel lik

2、e Im a bad son.obey my parentsAn outstanding playerOn the basketball courtHave the talent to become a starFeel guiltyIt feels like allocating adequate time for each is just not practical.Whichever way I look at itQuit doing everythingBe tired of feeling worried about thisIm uncertain what to do. 牛津高

3、中英語牛津高中英語模塊六模塊六 高二上高二上在前一個(gè)單元，我們回顧了非謂語在前一個(gè)單元，我們回顧了非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)主語、定語和賓動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)主語、定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)所表示的意義，以及他語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)所表示的意義，以及他們?cè)诔洚?dāng)這些句子成分時(shí)的區(qū)別。們?cè)诔洚?dāng)這些句子成分時(shí)的區(qū)別。這節(jié)課，我們接著學(xué)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞這節(jié)課，我們接著學(xué)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞的另一句法功能的另一句法功能作狀語作狀語。To learn to identify non-finite verbs used as adverbialsTo learn the differences between to infinitive and

4、verb-ing/verb-ed when used as adverbialsTo learn different forms of non-finite verbsInfinitive, verb-ing and verb-edNon-finite verbs are often used as adverbials. What are the hidden meanings do they usually express? Are there any differences when they are used as adverbials? Do they have any other

5、forms?Read the points on Page 24. You will find the answers.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語不定式作狀語時(shí)，要注意不定式的邏輯不定式作狀語時(shí)，要注意不定式的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。主語應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。(1)做目的狀語做目的狀語可單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，或以可單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，或以in order to+動(dòng)詞原形、動(dòng)詞原形、so as to+動(dòng)詞原形等形式做目的狀語，可動(dòng)詞原形等形式做目的狀語，可置于句首，意為置于句首，意為“為了為了”，如：，如：To catch the bus, you must get up early.=In orde

6、r to catch the bus= You must get up early so as to catch(2)做結(jié)果狀語做結(jié)果狀語常以常以enough to 或或tooto等形式出現(xiàn)，等形式出現(xiàn)，并能轉(zhuǎn)換成并能轉(zhuǎn)換成sothat句式。如：句式。如：Liu Mei was lucky enough to receive many books from Project Hope.= Liu Mei was so lucky that she received many books from Project Hope.He was too young to lift that box.= H

7、e was so young that he cannot lift that box.(3)做原因狀語做原因狀語常用在常用在sorry, glad, surprised, pleased, angry等詞后說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因，等詞后說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因，或表示沒有預(yù)料到的、事與愿違的結(jié)或表示沒有預(yù)料到的、事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子的后面，若不果，不定式要放在句子的后面，若不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)加必要的定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)加必要的介詞。如：介詞。如： Im sorry to hear that. He searched the room only to find nothi

8、ng.分詞作狀語分詞作狀語1.分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式或伴隨時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式或伴隨狀語。通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。狀語。通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。表示方式或伴隨狀況時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列表示方式或伴隨狀況時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列或非限制性定語從句。如：或非限制性定語從句。如：Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and

9、 heating supply breakdowns. (時(shí)間時(shí)間)Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. (原因原因)Given time (=If he is given time), hell make a first-class tennis player. (條件條件)We often provide our c

10、hildren with toys, thinking that all children like them. (=and think that ) (伴隨伴隨)2.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前可帶有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前可帶when, while, once, if, though, although, as if, unless等連詞一起作狀語，以便句子的等連詞一起作狀語，以便句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。如：意思更清楚、更連貫。如： When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences wit

11、hout noticing the many similarities. though tired, he still continued reading.3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時(shí)區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時(shí)區(qū)別：不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞單獨(dú)作狀不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞單獨(dú)作狀語，其邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。語，其邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。分詞作狀語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀分詞作狀語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語從句或并列句，如果狀語分句或并列語從句或并列句，如果狀語分句或并列句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用，就用過去過去分詞分詞；如果狀語分句或并列句中

12、的謂語；如果狀語分句或并列句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用，就用現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞。例如：。例如： When compared with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(分詞部分相當(dāng)于分詞部分相當(dāng)于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主語與分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。主語與分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。)When comparing it with the size of the whole ea

13、rth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(When we compare it with the size of the whole earth主語與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。主語與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。)4.現(xiàn)在分詞的兩種現(xiàn)在分詞的兩種時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)：一般式：一般式doing，通常指與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作通常指與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或無先后順序同時(shí)發(fā)生或無先后順序; 完成式完成式having done則強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語則強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作。如：動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作。如：While

14、 walking in the street, we met some friends of ours. (同時(shí)發(fā)生同時(shí)發(fā)生)Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (“等待等待”在先在先)5.分詞完成式的兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)分詞完成式的兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)having done；被動(dòng)語態(tài)；被動(dòng)語態(tài)having been done。Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for wor

15、k.6.分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成: not +分詞。分詞。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. Not repaired well, the washing machine stopped working again.7.分詞的分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是分詞的一種特是分詞的一種特殊形式，在句中作狀語。在分詞的獨(dú)立殊形式，在句中作狀語。在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞或代詞同其后的分詞主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞或代詞同其后的分詞在邏輯上有在邏輯上有主謂主謂關(guān)系時(shí)用關(guān)系時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞；在；在邏輯上有邏輯上有動(dòng)賓動(dòng)

16、賓關(guān)系時(shí)用關(guān)系時(shí)用過去分詞過去分詞。在獨(dú)。在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的時(shí)間發(fā)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的時(shí)間發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)詞時(shí)間之前，常用現(xiàn)在分詞生在主句動(dòng)詞時(shí)間之前，常用現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)態(tài)表示。完成時(shí)態(tài)表示。 如：如：Winter coming, its getting colder and colder. (winter和和coming是邏輯主謂關(guān)系是邏輯主謂關(guān)系)More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained. (句中句中money與與give是動(dòng)賓關(guān)是動(dòng)賓

17、關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞系，所以用過去分詞)The snow having stopped, she went out to sweep the snow in the yard.(強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在先強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在先)注：在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式有注：在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式有時(shí)可以簡化成過去分詞。時(shí)可以簡化成過去分詞。His work having been finished/His work finished, he went home.8. 一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)作插入語，起評(píng)注說明一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)作插入語，起評(píng)注說明的作用，用法固定，不必考慮邏輯上的的作用，用法固定，不必考慮邏輯上的關(guān)

18、系，常用的有：關(guān)系，常用的有：generally speaking, considering, given, supposing that, talking of, seeing that (鑒于鑒于)等。等。eg. Considering everything, it wasnt a bad holiday. Supposing that there was war, what would you do? Reflection time1. To infinitive can be used to express _when it is used as an adverbial in a s

19、entence.2. Verb-ing or verb-ed can be used to express _ when used as adverbials in sentences.3. The perfect form of verb-ing is _ and the passive form is _.1. To be a great scientist, _ . A. maths is very important B. maths is more important than other subjects C. one must understand maths D. maths

20、is important to be understood Quiz I: Multiple choice. 2. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed3. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followedD. being followed4. _, liq

21、uids can be changed into gases.A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat5. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with special knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known6. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front. A. Losing B. Having lost C.

22、Lost D. To lose7. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clear up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered8. The visitor expressed his satisfaction, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added9. The boy lay on the gr

23、ound, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. being closed；trembling B. closed；trembling C. closed；trembled D. closing；trembled10. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the meeting. A. invited B. being invited C. having invited D. being invited11. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to u

24、niversity. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in12.The weather _ so bad, we had to put the game off. A. was B. is C. were D. being13.The country has already sent up 3 unmanned spacecrafts, the most recent _ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being lau

25、nched D. to be launchedQuiz II: 同義轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。同義轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. The box is _ heavy _ _ _ carry. The box is not _ _ for me to carry. 2.The maths problem is so difficult that I cant work it out. The maths problem is _ difficult _ _ _ work out.toofor me tolight enoughtoofor me to3. If I was given more time, I could do it much better. _ more time, I could do it much better.4. As a League member, he is always helping others. _ _ _ _, he is always helping others.GivenBeing a League member1. If _ (加熱加熱) to a high temp