英語國際音標(biāo)

1、英語國際音標(biāo)概說及練習(xí)一.英語國際音標(biāo)英語國際音標(biāo)表（48個(gè)）1.元音（20個(gè)）長元音/i:/:/:/u:/:/短元音/i/ / / /u/ / /e/ /雙元音/ei/ /ai/ /i/ /i/ /e/ / / /a/2.輔音（28個(gè)）清輔音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ / /s/ / /ts/ /t/ /tr/ /h/濁輔音/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /z/ / /dz/ /d/ /dr/ /r/ 鼻 音/m/ /n/ /半元音/j/ /w/邊 音/二.英語語音初步1.概說：英語國際音標(biāo)共48個(gè)，其中20個(gè)元音，28個(gè)輔音（11個(gè)清輔音，17個(gè)濁輔音，其中3個(gè)鼻音，2個(gè)半元音，3

2、個(gè)似拼音，1個(gè)邊音）2.元音12個(gè)單元音:5個(gè)長元音: /i:/:/:/u:/:/7個(gè)短元音: /i/ / / / u / / /e/ /8個(gè)雙元音: /ei/ /ai/ /i/ /i/ /e/ / / /a/3.輔音：清輔音和濁輔音：清輔音：/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ / /s/ / /ts/ /t/ /tr/ /h/濁輔音：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /z/ / /dz/ /d/ /dr/3個(gè)鼻音：/m/ /n/ /3個(gè)似拼音：/h/ /r/ /l/2個(gè)半元音：/j/ /w/1個(gè)邊音：/l/4.巧記48個(gè)國際音標(biāo)單元音共十二，四二六前中后。 雙元音也好背，合口集中八個(gè)整。 輔音

3、共計(jì)二十八，八對(duì)一清又七濁， 四個(gè)連對(duì)也包括。有氣無聲清輔音， 有聲無氣濁輔音，發(fā)音特點(diǎn)應(yīng)掌握。 5.關(guān)于語音的幾個(gè)概念: a. AHD表示美語發(fā)音，為The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（簡稱AHD）標(biāo)音所用。 b. KK音標(biāo)是一套用于標(biāo)注美式發(fā)音的符號(hào)系統(tǒng), 這是一套最常用的也是最權(quán)威的注音法，從此人們把美語標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音慣稱為KK音標(biāo)。 c. DJ是根據(jù)英國學(xué)者Daniel Jones編的英語發(fā)音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的標(biāo)音而來. d.英式讀音根據(jù)的是Eng

4、lish Pronouncing Dictionary 英語正音辭典。它們代表了被稱為“Received Pronunciation ”(簡稱RP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)讀音)的讀音，這在受過教育的英國人尤其是南部英格蘭人中通用。 1888年國際語音協(xié)會(huì) (International Phonetic Association) 的語言學(xué)家便制定出一套可國際通用的語音符號(hào)叫國際音標(biāo)符號(hào) (IPAInternational Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一個(gè)符號(hào)代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符號(hào)所產(chǎn)生的不便。 e.音素: 音的最小單位,英語中有48個(gè)音素。f.音節(jié): 由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。 g

5、.元音: 發(fā)音響亮,是樂音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節(jié)的主要組成部分。英語中有20個(gè)元音。h.輔音: 發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節(jié)的重要組成部分,英語中有28個(gè)輔音。 i.開音節(jié): 1)輔音+不發(fā)音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)輔音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello j.閉音節(jié): 1)輔音+元音+輔音:sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+輔音 如: it is of in on up out ant

6、 A chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house. A mouse is in the cats mouth. A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea.三. 英語國際音標(biāo)練習(xí)1. 元音1) /i:/ 字母組合:ee ea e iethree tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling 2) /i/發(fā)

7、音字母 i y esit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build missmyth many twenty happy dictionarydefect decide delicious 3) / 發(fā)音字母 abag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) /e/ 字母組合 ea e ahead bread pleasureelephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed des

8、k hotel yes many any 5) /:/字母組合ir ur ear er orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burgerlearn earn earth heardterm her nerd servework worm work world 6) / 字母組合 er or ou ar o a e uteacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderdoctor actor mayor aut

9、hor tractordelicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan chinamen listen famulus Saturday 7) /:/ 字母組合 ar acar farm card arm gardenfast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) / 發(fā)音字母 u o o

10、u oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup buscome mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourishblood flood9) /:/ 字母組合 al or au our arsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumnfour mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10

11、) / 發(fā)音字母 o ahot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar notwant wash watch 11) /u:/ 字母組合 oo o ufood moon room gloom broom doom goose toothshoe do twotrue truth blue full prude12) / 字母組合 oo ou u olook good foot book wood should could put full bull pull pushwoman wolf 13) /ei/ 發(fā)音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cak

12、e late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plainthey grey 14) /ai/ 發(fā)音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye15) /a/ 字母組合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouseflower down now cow how town16) / 發(fā)音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone

13、host ghost know low below grow blow show flowboat coat goal17) /i/字母組合oy oiboy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) /i/字母組合 eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea19) /e/ 字母組合ear air erepear bear chair air fair there wherecare20) /a/ / 字母組合our ower hour tour flower shower 2. 容易混淆的元音 /e/bad bed hand

14、 head man men land lend pan pen sad said /i:/ei/real rail greet great mean main read raid /e/a/ bet bite red write said side head hide /a/:/house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count /a/ / found fond down done gown gone town ton / / fan fun san son tan ton 3.輔音 1) /p/ pen pear play

15、 pig pour pull push 2) /b/ book big boot bike bread break 3) /t/ tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) /d/ door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) /k/ king kite key look cook book kitchen sky card cat cream correct climb come account accept fox box oxygen x-ray school schedule schema 6) /g/ girl goo

16、d goal goat grade long language 7) /m/ man make moon morning move come comb 8) /n/ pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) / uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning 10) /long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) /r/ read red right run room write 12) /f/ five

17、fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) /v/ v very evening even every voice vest of 14) /s/ six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate piece juice science lance space ace 15) /z/zoo zebra zero zap close nose

18、hose suppose pause those whose 16)/w/ think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17)/ that this those these though 18) / sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure 19) / pleasure 20) /h/ hot hop home house horse how who 21) /w/when what where window wind wood 22)

19、/j/yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) /t/ child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24) /dz/age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) /tr/ tree country try treat track trunk 26) /dr/dry dream drop drive drink 27) /ts/ students boots boats goats nuts 28)

20、 /dz/goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的輔音 /v/w/ vest west vet wet vine wine very well /s/ /sink think mass math miss myth sort sought /z/ /close cloth breeze breathe /n/ thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 5.字母，組合音節(jié)發(fā)音規(guī)律 1）a /ei/:/ late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand

21、bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father wash what watch want 2）e /i:/ /e/ / 不發(fā)音 appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident

22、active table late wife store lecture 3）i/ai/i/ high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fianc city unit 4）o /u:/ / /lode host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office s

23、oft honest 5）u /ju:/ju/u/ university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble support suggest 6）c /k/ /s/ country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7）g /g/d/ girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long

24、song sing morning evening 8) l /l/讀音不同 listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9) n /n/ /moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young 10) r /r/ right read write grade progress card board door floor form north 11）y /j/ai/ yellow year yell young yolk un

25、iversity country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12）ar /:/ /:/ / farm card garde mark dollar warm quarrel quarter 13) ea /i:/e/ei/i/cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break idea realize 14) ear /:/ /i/ learn earth earn heard hear near clear ear fear 15) er/:/ / /i/ deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious experience mysterious fierce 16）