The outline of listening training in middle school

1、the outline of listening training in middle schoola explain the importance of listening and listening training during the course of teaching english . b analyze the factors influencing listening effect, including being short of basic language knowledge；the influence of our native language; lack of c

2、ultural background knowledge and psychological elements， especially introduce how to pay attention to the psychological factors and improve the effect of listening teaching.c according to the teaching experience, introduce some methods to improve students listening ability, such as: cultivate their

3、interest in listening, practice both in and out of class etc.d analyze construction and subject themes of various listening materials and then instruct some skills for listening test . e draw a conclusion of this paper. the abstract of “l(fā)istening training in middle school”在中學(xué)英語教學(xué)中，聽力是必教的重要技能之一，聽的能力的

4、培養(yǎng)是很關(guān)鍵的。文章首先剖析了影響聽力效果的因素。主要包括：英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的缺乏；本族語的負(fù)面影響；相關(guān)語言文化及背景知識(shí)的欠缺及許多自身因素的干擾，如興趣、心理障礙、自信心等。其次，本文又重點(diǎn)介紹了提高聽力技能的主要方法。常見的有：從選材、訓(xùn)練方式、聽力習(xí)慣等方面來調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生聽的興趣；把“精聽”和“泛聽”結(jié)合起來；加強(qiáng)課內(nèi)、課外的聽力訓(xùn)練；同時(shí)還要密切師生關(guān)系、區(qū)別對(duì)待不同程度的學(xué)生。根據(jù)聽力材料性質(zhì)，文章最后又給出了幾種應(yīng)試技巧：如：先聽后讀或先讀后聽；快速對(duì)比備選答案；聯(lián)想、對(duì)比近義詞、反義詞等；尤其對(duì)如何做好對(duì)話題、短文題作了適當(dāng)?shù)恼f明。 during the course of teac

5、hing english in middle school, listening is one of the important skills that should be taught，and listening training is very critical.first，this article analyses the main factors affecting listening effect，which mainly includes：being short of basic language knowledge；the negative influence of our na

6、tive language；lacking in cultural background knowledge and interference of many psychological factors such as interest， psychological obstacles and confidence.second，it tells us how to improve students listening ability. such as：cultivate students interest in listening through selection of various m

7、aterials, improving training styles, developing habits of their listening and so on；combine extensive listening and intensive listening together；practice both in and out of class；meanwhile，make the relationship close between the students and teachers. in addition，distinguish the students of differen

8、t degrees.third，according to the nature of listening materials，this article introduces skills for listening test，such as: reading after listening or listening after reading；quick comparison among the answers given；and attention to antonyms and synonyms. in the end the article especially explains how

9、 to deal with dialogues and passages well.the body of“l(fā)istening training in middle school”1. the importance of listening and listening trainingduring the course of teaching english in middle school listening is one important skill needed to be taught， because listening is very important and it is pl

10、aced the first among the five elements for the learning of foreign language. if you want to examine your own communication behavior, you would probably find that you spend more time in listening than speaking, reading and writing. but most of us are likely to be far from effective as listeners even

11、if we hear satisfactorily. why does it happen？ it is because few of us have had much training in listening of the four communication skills for reading，writing speaking and listening. far more hours of study have focused on reading and writing than on speaking and listening. let us examine the diffi

12、culties that many of us face while we are listening to the materials：you may hear what is said but be unable to understand it； you may understand what is said but you may assign it a meaning different from that intended by the originator； you may hear and understand the message but behave inappropri

13、ately because you did not evaluate it properly. you may interpret information accurately but forget it.“l(fā)istening and speaking then writing and reading ”is proved to be a proper and effective method of foreign language teaching during the teaching of foreign language we should follow the rules of fo

14、reign language learning and make full use of learning listening and speaking in advance as a result, listening and speaking would drive reading and writing they would improve the balanced development of various language ability.2. the factors of influencing the listening effect.there are following f

15、actors which make the listening difficult.a. being short of basic language knowledge.hearing is the sum total of“l(fā)istening” and “comprehension” and “hearing”is the process of using various knowledge and skill. listening comprehension and reaction speed are decided by the students degree of mastering

16、 the basic language knowledge.apronunciation and reading speedeven at the beginning of language learning some students are not sure of the proper pronunciation of each word. if things go on like this, especially of those words which have similar pronunciation, the students would find its very diffic

17、ult to distinguish. here are some commonly used words that have similar even the same pronunciation.e.g. sheep ship / /-/ /house horse / /-/ /bad bed / /-/ /much march / /-/ /mouth mouse / /-/ /quite quiet / /-/ /once hearing such the words above , some of us feel puzzled. most important of all, you

18、 should make it clearwhat are these words and their pronunciation？more attention should be paid to the pronunciation.various kinds of changes in speaking speed would cause a series of problems. when the speed is comparatively slow and materials are comparatively easy ,the students feel better or the

19、y feel much more difficult ,why？1）liaison eg ive often heard about you. the box is on the table.2）lose the plosive e.g. mary asked tom to write soon. shake your head if you dont want to go.3）stress eg there is a desk and a chair in it ，too. put some of it in the box and some of it in the bag4）some w

20、ords have different pronunciation in different situation e.g. yes，there are. there are/ /three students in the roomthe above phenomenon appearing at the same time in fairly fast listening materials makes people think that they meet with new words。bvocabulary vocabulary is the most detailed part of l

21、anguage knowledge large number of vocabulary will help you to do well in listening comprehension and master the listening materials quickly. in order to know others idea and express oneself, thousands of words and short phrases are very necessary. books are the most convenient and useful tools that

22、provide us with words .so in order to improve our listening ability and enlarge our own vocabulary we should memorize the words through the context of the readings. meanwhile we should also learn some word building knowledge to extend the vocabulary.cthe difference between british english and americ

23、an english besides the difference in some spelling, british english and america english have great difference in pronunciation. in the past our english teaching methods were mostly limited in british english teaching system. with the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, american listen

24、ing materials become more popular. obstacles grow up since most people are not familiar with the difference of british english and american english. here are some examples, b.e. a.e./ / / dog / / / / / / glass / / / / / / talk / / / /it is well known that the above language knowledge is very importa

25、nt for language learning. in order to master foreign language, one must try his best to learn basic language knowledge well.bthe influence of our native language when listening to a paragraph of language information, most students used to translate them one sentence after another, but not pass on th

26、em in a scene or a picture and that has greatly affected their reaction speed, understanding and memorization. as we know, chinese sentence structure and word order are greatly different from those of english. so comprehending english on the base of chinese can be both slow and easily causing unders

27、tanding mistakes. whats more., concentrating energy on translation，we hare only limited time to comprehend the listening materials without any implied meanings of them. especially for a long and complicated sentence, the translation is much more difficult for example, he had hardly had time to settl

28、e down when he sold the house and left the country. in this sentence you may look for a chinese sentence that equals：“hardlywhen”，then think of its tense, and then understand its meaning. so your speed would be much slower and would easily make misunderstanding. so we should pay attention to the “sc

29、ene” and try to play drills of “l(fā)istening and speaking” while looking at a picture. it would be very useful for us to overcome the negative influence of our native language and to form a good habit of thinking in english.c. cultural and background knowledge. language is the appearance of culture. st

30、udents who want to learn english well must have certain knowledge about history， language and culture even know something. about their local conditions and customs, their living style and habits. for lacking of such knowledge, some students have difficulties in listening. for example, “thanksgiving”

31、, “april fool” often appear in some listening materials. if students have little knowledge about these, they will feel puzzled. for instance ，the english usually greet each other by talking about the weather but our chinese are in a different matter.in most time，chinese would like to ask others,“wha

32、ts your wifes job？and her age？”and the partener would never mind. but the english are not likely to talk about their own privacy such as age, salary and so on. asking about such things is usually thought to be uncultured. so during the course of english learning, students should try to accumlate mor

33、e knowledge, which is about local conditions，culture，history and politics of western countries in order to understand and master the content of the listening materials theyve learned. dpsychological factorspeople become aware of psychological factors nowadays. they have found that in the whole proce

34、ss of learning a foreign language. learners are the key internal factors. the difference of their psychological and emotion factors have great influence on teaching and learning achievements.a psychological factors which influence the teaching of listening krashen，american psychology linguist, think

35、s that the factors which influenced foreign language teaching can be caused into the following：1）whether there are enough comprehensive input2）whether there are some psychology obstacle in the process of listening “input” doesnt mean “intake”.learners may comprehend the whole material or only part o

36、f it, sometimes even nothing in the material can be understood. psychologists think that “interest” is very important in language learning. if learners are interested in listening class or listening material, their thought would be active and their ability of understanding would be improved. so woul

37、d their listening ability. it is obvious that one has to focus his attention on material while listening to the record. but because of various reasons，in listening class the students are easily to be nervous, to be worry or to be scared .they are afraid of misunderstanding, of making mistakes, of an

38、swering questions，of failure and so on.bpay attention to the psychologist elements， try to improve the effect of listening teachingduring our teaching course， teachers are playing the part of psychologists. on selecting of materials and class practice, teachers should restrain negative factors and b

39、ring active factors into play in order to improve the teaching effect.1)choosing listening materialswhen choosing listening materials, we should try to choose some interesting，new and all kinds of materials.interesting and true materials may bring out the learners curiosity and arouse their desire t

40、o “hear” them. rich content and activities may keep and improve the learners enthusiasm.in addition, teachers should also consider the level of the students and the difficult degree of listening materials. of course, if the material is too easy，students would learn very few knowledge. but if it is t

41、oo difficult they would feel disappointed and even lose their interest .so we should choose some materials that somewhat above the learners real level but within their ability limitation. once such kind of material is used， they would work harder to make rapid progress.2）practising in classteachers

42、should design every teaching step carefully ,pay attention to the students psychologi factors.first, try to stimulate students interest and attact their attention. you may study listening materials at first and prepare some inspiring questions, then raising these questions before listening to the ta

43、pe. after imagination and discussion, students would have the desire to listen， for they want to know the results. besides, if teachers make good use of the “pause” key skillfully .it is also a influencial way to attract students attention. usually, students feel dull and tired so that they cant cat

44、ch the main idea and key words of the materials while concentrating on listening for a long time. but if using “pause” key at a proper time and raising new questions teachers may arouse students interest. listening class doesnt only mean “l(fā)istening”. in addition to listening ,teachers can also let t

45、he students write a summary, read some background knowledge, imitate or play the part of those characters in listening materials, and make good use of “group discussion” so that integrate listening with speaking and reading.second， eliminate psychological obstacles and cut down anxiety .teachers sho

46、uld get familiar with listening material, then introduce some background knowledge and explain them to students in order to let them discuss on the key words and try to get rid of those obstacles. for lacking of listening art and skill, some students may fell troubled during the course of listening.

47、 teachers should help them. practice after listening is the deep stage of listening comprehension. getting feedback information from students quickly, comprehending the difficulties to students and removing these obstacles timely, those are what a teacher should to do. in addition, teachers should t

48、reat students mistakes properly. if teachers only pick out their mistakes, they would feel hurt and nervous even frightened. on the contrary， if teachers value their sense of self-respect and try to help them, they would make progress.third， raise students confidence and bring every active factor in

49、to play. try to help them get an experience of success, no matter they are top or lower students. for example, when asking questions after listening, teachers should consider the practical degree of different students, especially for the lower students，their teachers encouragement would give them a

50、sense of success.since we all know that psychological and emotion factors become more and more important nowadays, teachers should pay more attention to these factors so as to get twice result with half the effort in teaching of listening.3. methods to improving students listening abilitya. cultivat

51、e students interest of listening we all know that interest is the most active factor in learning. so cultivating students interest on learning cant be ignored. in order to do this, the writer sum up the following：a. choose humour, variety，interesting and comparatively easy materials when choosing li

52、stening materials. since lacking of practice in listening, even though some listening materials are much easier than reading materials are somewhat interesting, students would collect their mind and focus on the materials more easily. once students find they can understand some part of the materials

53、, they will have a feeling of harvest so that they would have more interest in training of interesting.blower the degree of difficulty and chose training styles. for example, we may watch a slide show and listen to the tape at the same time or look at the materials while listening. according to diff

54、erent difficulty degree, they can have the following training types：reading while listening； reading after listening；listening after reading；listening without reading. here“reading”means“ read materials”while “l(fā)istening” means “l(fā)isten to the record”.difficulty could be controlled by various training

55、 styles. before listening to materials, teachers should introduce the story briefly or they may even play some tapes of english songs so that the students would get better achievements in the following class.cstudents are required to form a good habit of listening choose some fixed time every week t

56、o listen to the radio or tapes. teachers should inform student how to use listening laboratory properly to form a foundation for long-period standarized listening training.bconnect extensive listening and intensive listening together. extensive listening requires students to understand not only the

57、main content but also every sentence of the materials. students even have to distinguish every word and every syllables. while intensive listening requires them to listen to a large number of listening materials and get in touch with more language phenomenon. so english tv and radio programs would c

58、ertainly help students a lot. in addition, before every class the teachers may ask them to go to the stage and talk about everyday english programs so as to create a language environment and improve the listening ability.cpractise in and out of classteachers should take advantage of listening class and make full use of class time, solve some main problems and