虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法及專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法及專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示一種假設(shè)的情況，或一種主觀的愿望，即動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)并非事實(shí)，或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式有下列幾種：一 .虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人稱(chēng),would可用于任何人稱(chēng),同時(shí)也可根據(jù)意思用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,might等代替should,would。1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 連接詞條件從句If1).動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(或were)2).助動(dòng)詞（過(guò)去式）+動(dòng)詞原形ShouldWould +動(dòng)詞原形couldmight(1) If had the time, John would make a trip to China to se

2、e the Great Wall.(2) If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句Ifhad+過(guò)去分詞ShouldWould + have+過(guò)去分詞couldmightIf Id known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句If1.should+動(dòng)詞原形2.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式3、were to+動(dòng)詞原形ShouldWould +動(dòng)詞原形couldmight

3、If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be putoff. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.4.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。例如: If I were you, I would have gone home.If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be quite all right now.(從句說(shuō)的是

4、過(guò)去,主句指的是現(xiàn)在。)If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better.狀語(yǔ)從句1. 方式狀語(yǔ)as if(as though)如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí);表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had+過(guò)去分詞;表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would(might,could)+動(dòng)詞原形。例如: (1) He looks at me as if I were mad. (2) He spoke English so fluently as if he had studie

5、d English in England.但as if(as though)后的從句也常用陳述語(yǔ)氣,這是因?yàn)閺木渲械那闆r往往是可能發(fā)生的或可能被設(shè)想為真實(shí)的。例如:It looks as if our side is going to win.2. 目的狀語(yǔ)in order that,so that , lest ,for fear that等從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 may/might,can/could)+動(dòng)詞原形。例如: (1) She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. (2) W

6、e hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us.3. 連詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句:in case , unless ,supposing ,providing, on condition that從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)或 might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形。二.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句1.Suggest, advise 等動(dòng)詞之后賓語(yǔ)從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：要求：ask demand require request beg plead insist pray maintain urge 建議：sugges

7、t advise propose recommend move 命令、決定：order command decide determine resolve其它：consent deserve desire intend prefer等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中 +that(should )+動(dòng)詞原形注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.They demanded that the black people should be treated as well as white people.如果t

8、hat 引導(dǎo)的從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是事實(shí)，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。He insists that he is right.注意:insist作力言、強(qiáng)調(diào)解時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。只有當(dāng)insist作堅(jiān)持(應(yīng)該)解時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如(1) Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. (2)I insisted that you give me my money back.2.wish+賓語(yǔ)從句表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,漢語(yǔ)可譯為可惜、就好了、悔不該、但愿等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式;表示將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,用would(co

9、uld)+動(dòng)詞原形;表示過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,用had+過(guò)去分詞或(could)would+have+過(guò)去分詞。例如:wish的用法1). 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 :動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或wereI wish we could go to the seaside today. I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)2).與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 :主語(yǔ)+wish(that)+主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成式We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.I wish I had never sto

10、pped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)3).與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反:助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+動(dòng)詞原形I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。試比較：We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣

11、在would rather/would sooner/would just as soon后接從句:Id rather you paid me now.(從句用過(guò)去時(shí)指現(xiàn)在) I would rather they came tomorrow.(從句用過(guò)去時(shí)指將來(lái)) Id rather she hadnt done that.(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)指過(guò)去)(此句中的would可看作是表愿望的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)三.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于主語(yǔ)從句在主語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)用should+動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu),表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等。例如:It is necessary( appropriate cruc

12、ial desirable dreadful essential important improper incredible indispensable insistent natural preferable possible probable proper right significant surprising strange tragic urgent vital wrong etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that you should be so c

13、areless. It will be desired(suggested,decided,ordered, requested,proposed,etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.在上述三種主語(yǔ)從句中,should意為應(yīng)該、竟然,可以省去,但不可換用would。主句所用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不限。注意:這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說(shuō)話人對(duì)這種事實(shí)表示驚奇,就可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。反之,如果不表示驚奇,that從句也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例如:It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is

14、a pity that you cant swim.四.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句要求：demand request pray insistence requirement建議：suggestion advice proposal recommendation motion命令、決定：order command decision determination resolution 其它：plan desire idea necessity preference等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。例如(1) We all agreed to

15、his suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for sightseeing. (2) My idea is that he (should)do exercises first.五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾種特殊用法1.省掉if的條件從句倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were

16、a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you hadnt helped me,)3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句:Its (high) time that+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形， (should不能省略,be用were)來(lái)表示,意為(現(xiàn)在)該。如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action.4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句:If only I had taken his advice.我要是聽(tīng)他的話就好了。I

17、f only I were a bird!我如果是一只鳥(niǎo)就好了。5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于簡(jiǎn)單句1)表示說(shuō)話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌,使語(yǔ)氣委婉,常出現(xiàn)在日常會(huì)話中。例如(1) It would be better for you not to stay up too late. (2)Would you be kind enough to open the door?2)用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。例如:Would you like a cup of tea. You had better go now.3)用may+動(dòng)詞原形,表示祝愿、但愿。may須置于句首。例如:(1) May you be happy!

18、(2) May you succeed!6.含蓄條件句在某些虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有if條件句,虛擬條件是用其它形式表示出來(lái),這種現(xiàn)象在語(yǔ)法上稱(chēng)為含蓄條件句。含蓄條件具體分為以下幾種情況:1)通過(guò)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)表示條件。例如:You would be a fool to refuse his offer.(=If you should refuse his offer,you would be a fool.)要是你拒絕他的建議,就太傻了。2)通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)表達(dá)條件。例如:But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.(=If it had n

19、ot been for the storm.)要不是那場(chǎng)暴雨,我早就到達(dá)了。Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help.3)通過(guò)連詞otherwise,or,but,that,though,once等表達(dá)條件。例如:She came to town yesterday, otherwise/or I would not have met her.昨天她到城里來(lái)了,不然我就不會(huì)遇見(jiàn)她了。(otherwise/or=if she hadnt come)I wou

20、ld have attended the meeting, but I have been too busy.(=.if I had not been too busy)我本來(lái)要參加會(huì)議的,只是太忙了。4)通過(guò)Were it not for.或Had it not been for.等句式表達(dá)條件。意為如果當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有,表示同過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。例如Were it not for(=If it were not for) the leadership of the Party,we could not live a happy life.要不是黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),我們不可能過(guò)幸福生活。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)Ha

21、d it not been for(=If it had not been for) the leadership of the Party,we should have failed.若不是有黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),我們?cè)缇褪×恕?與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)5)通過(guò)分詞短語(yǔ)表達(dá)條件。例如:Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.倘若給予更多的關(guān)心,這些樹(shù)本來(lái)可以生長(zhǎng)得更好的。(=If they had been given more attention.)6)無(wú)詞句暗示條件。例如:Such mistakes could have been av

22、oided.這種錯(cuò)誤本來(lái)可以避免的。(暗含條件從句if we had been more careful)It was so quiet,you could have heard a pin drop.是那樣的安靜,掉根針你都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。(暗含條件從句if it had dropped to the ground)虛擬語(yǔ)氣專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題(1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.A. be B. was C. were D. am(2). I do not think those people are really English

23、. If they were, they speak with French accents. A. dont B. will not C. mustnt D. wouldnt(3) today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday? A. Were we leaving B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave(4). If Peter tomorrow, what would you do? A. were not to come B. will not come C. would

24、 not come D. had not come(5). “She didnt ask me, so I didnt help her?”“You mean to say , you wouldve helped her ?”A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask youC.had she asked you D. were she to ask you6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them .A. might have died B. m

25、ight die C. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him, to him? A. would they have talked B. would they talk C.had they talked D. they would talk(8). If I lived in the city, I travelled in crowded buses, but I to see lots of films. A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able C. wou

26、ld have to/were able D. would have to/would be able(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I time.A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10). I known it, I would have told you.A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having(11). your help, I would not have succeeded. A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But

27、 for(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”“Only that if he a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.” A. did not become B. had not becomeC. does not become D. has not become(13). “Why didnt you help him?”“ I would have I didnt have the money.”A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or(14). “Who s

28、hould go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong .”A. goes B. would go C. go D. went(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on week nights.A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch(16). I cant speak Japanese, but I do wish I . A.

29、can B. could C. had D. speak(17). “Are you enjoying your stay here?“Yes, very much. I wish I have to leave so soon.”A. wont B. dont C. mustnt D. didnt(18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”“I dont know, but its about time on something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. Id de

30、cided(19). Id rather you anything about it for the time being.A. say B. didnt say C. dont say D. not say(20). “Why do you have to be there at six?” “The teacher demands that everyone in his seat at six.”A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be(21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he it. A. forg

31、ets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget(22). “How does the librarian act?”“He acts as if he a walking dictionary.”A. were B. be C. is D. has been23). There is a law that drunken drivers severely punished. A. were B. are C. be D. will be(24). I wish you interrupt when Im talking on the phone.A. will not B. would not C. do not D.