2021年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句考點(diǎn)講解含解析

1、名詞性從句一、幾種易混的從句的辨別定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句有時(shí)候在形式上很相似，下面提供一些區(qū)分的方法：1定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系；而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容的。that在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，可指物或人；而同位語從句中的that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用。請(qǐng)比較：(1)the news (that/which) he told us was exciting.(定語從句，that/which在從句中作賓語，還可以被省略)(2)the news that our team has won is exciting.(同位語從句，

2、that從句是說明news的內(nèi)容的，that在從句中不作任何成分，但不能被省略)辨析判斷是定語從句還是同位語從句可以用“加詞”的方法，即在名詞和從句之間加入一個(gè)be動(dòng)詞，如果句子意思成立，則是同位語從句，否則，則是定語從句。如上面第二句，加上be動(dòng)詞后：the news is that our team has won.句子意思成立，所以是同位語從句。而第一句，加上be動(dòng)詞后：the news is that he told us.意思不成立，因此不是同位語從句?！咎貏e提醒】一般情況下，同位語從句緊跟在它所說明的名詞的后面，可是有的時(shí)候，為了表達(dá)的需要，名詞與從句之間被另外一些內(nèi)容分隔開了，叫

3、做“分隔同位語從句”。對(duì)于這類同位語從句，一定要根據(jù)句意，找準(zhǔn)它所說明的名詞。2定語從句與狀語從句請(qǐng)看兩組句子：第一組：區(qū)分such.as.和such.that.(1)the new storybook is written in such easy english as beginners can understand.(2)the new storybook is written in such easy english that beginners can understand it.這兩句話只有一詞之差，但語法結(jié)構(gòu)大相徑庭：第一句是as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，as相當(dāng)于that/which(但

4、不能用that/which)，在從句中作understand的賓語。第二句是結(jié)果狀語從句，that在從句中不作成分。結(jié)論：當(dāng)從句缺少句子成分時(shí)，用such.as.；當(dāng)從句不缺少句子成分時(shí)，用such.that.。第二組：選用in which, where填空(1)he left the key _ he had been an hour before.(2)he left the place _ he lived for many years.分析：第一句只能填where, where引導(dǎo)的是地點(diǎn)狀語從句，修飾主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。此處where不可換成in which，因?yàn)閕n which只能引

5、導(dǎo)定語從句，本句中根本就沒有先行詞(后面的從句不是修飾key的)。第二句填where或in which。根據(jù)句意可知，后面的句子是對(duì)名詞place的修飾，因此此句是定語從句。二、that與what的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中不作任何成分，that本身無意義，只起連接作用。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語等，what表示“的東西或事情”。請(qǐng)比較：what i need is more time.(what引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作賓語)that i need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從

6、句中不作任何成分)the village is no longer what it used to be.(what引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中作表語)i had no idea what we should do next.(what引導(dǎo)同位語從句，在從句中作賓語)he will tell us what he saw in london.(what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作賓語)精析名詞性從句中區(qū)分that與what的關(guān)鍵是：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，看從句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分，就用that，如果缺少句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)，且表示“的東西或事情”就用what。三、who, whoever與n

7、o matter who的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在句中作主語時(shí)用who，意思是“誰”，含有疑問意味，whoever意為“無論誰”，不含有疑問意味。whoever在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于anyone who，其中who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句緊隨其后。另外，whoever還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，這時(shí)whoever相當(dāng)于no matter who，但是no matter who只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。請(qǐng)比較：1who has taken away my bag is unknown.誰拿走了我的包還不知道。(若用whoever顯然句意不通)2whoever breaks the law will be pu

8、nished.無論誰違反法律都要受到懲罰。(whoever表達(dá)的語氣強(qiáng)烈)3im not going to let you in, no matter who you are.im not going to let you in, whoever you are.(根據(jù)句意“我不會(huì)讓你進(jìn)去的，不管你是誰”，后面是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，故用no matter who或者whoever)【特別提醒】whever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，whoeveranyone who; whomeveranyone whom; whateveranything that; whic

9、heveranything/anyone that; whoseverany one whose。whichever he likes will be given to him.anything that he likes will be given to him.無論他想要哪個(gè)都可以給他。you should give the book back to whosever name(anyone whose name) is on the cover of it.你該把書還給任何一個(gè)他的名字在封面上的人?！痉椒记伞孔鲱}時(shí)，具體思路如下：通讀全句，首先考慮是不是某種句型，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；題干句若是

10、疑問句，首先把它恢復(fù)為正常語序；觀察設(shè)空的前前后后，確定相關(guān)從句的性質(zhì)；確定從句性質(zhì)后，回憶相關(guān)從句的用法特點(diǎn)，從而作出取舍；注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和并列連詞(and, but)的作用；將選項(xiàng)代入句子，看前后是否語意貫通。高頻考點(diǎn)一、考查賓語、表語從句例1. (2018天津卷)the gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race.awhomever bwherevercwhoever dwhatever【答案】c【解析】考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：金牌將會(huì)被頒發(fā)給在自行車比賽中獲得第一的任何選手。本空需要

11、連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，連接詞在從句中作主語，指人，同時(shí)根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用whoever“的任何人，無論誰”引導(dǎo)這個(gè)賓語從句?！咀兪教骄俊?2017江蘇) we choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.a. that b. which c. what d. how【答案】c 【解析】考查賓語從句。half of _ it used to charge是$20的同位語，即原來價(jià)格的一半是現(xiàn)在的$20；另外，of后跟名詞或名詞短語構(gòu)成介賓短語，所以，

12、這里是賓語從句；賓語從句中的charge后面缺少賓語，所以用what來引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并充當(dāng)賓語從句的賓語，故選c?！靖形蛱嵘?what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法：(1)表示“的東西或事情”： theyve done what they can to help her.他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。he saves what he earns.他賺多少，積蓄多少。 (2)表示“的人或的樣子”： he is no longer what he was.他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個(gè)樣子了。 who is it that has made fred what he is now?是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子的？(3

13、)表示“的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”： our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我們現(xiàn)在的收入是10年前的兩倍。 the number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是解放前的10倍。 (4)表示“時(shí)間”： after what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎過了幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才苦笑著出來。 the young girl was too frig

14、htened to speak，standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩嚇得不敢說話，大概在那兒站了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。 (5)表示“的地方”： this is what they call salt lake city.這就是他們稱為鹽湖城的地方。 in 1492，columbus reached what is now called america.1492年哥倫布到達(dá)了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸。 2what 與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語、表語、賓語從句。that 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但 what 通常不用于引導(dǎo)同位語從句；what 可

15、在從句中用作主語、賓語或表語，意為“什么”或“所的”，而 that 僅起連接作用，本身沒有實(shí)際意義，在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分(引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)通?？梢允÷裕绻袃蓚€(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列的賓語從句，第一個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略，其余的不能省略)。he doesnt know what she likes.他不知道她喜歡什么。i believe (that) he will come to see us.我相信他會(huì)來看我們的。i had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在這兒?！咀兪教骄俊縯he most pleasant thing of the rainy

16、season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.a. whatb. thatc. whetherd. why【答案】b【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悅的就是人們可以完全不再受到沙塵的困擾。is后跟從句作表語，即表語從句，表語從句不缺少主語、謂語和賓語，因此用that，that只起引導(dǎo)作用，故選b?！咀兪教骄俊縴ou have to know youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.【解析】句意：如果你要計(jì)劃到達(dá)某地的最佳路線，你必須首先知道你想要去哪？where引導(dǎo)賓語從

17、句，在從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語?！敬鸢浮縲here高頻考點(diǎn)二、考查主語從句例2【2018天津】the gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.a. whomever b. whereverc. whoever d. whatever【答案】c【解析】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：無論誰獲得自行車比賽第一名，金牌將授予他。分析句子可知，賓語從句中缺少主語，故用whoever，表示“任何人，無論誰”。故選c?！咀兪教骄俊縴our support is important to our work. _ y

18、ou can do helps.a. however b. whoever c. whatever d. wherever【答案】c【解析】題目考查主語從句。helps是謂語，“_ you can do”是主語部分，即主語從句，在主語從句中，do后缺少賓語，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引導(dǎo)，故選c?！咀兪教骄俊縤 truly believe _beauty comes from within.a. that b. where c. what d. why【答案】a【解析】句意：我很相信美麗源自于內(nèi)心! 本題考查賓語從句。從句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到連接作用，也可以省略

19、。從句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到連接作用，也可以省略。故選a。高頻考點(diǎn)三、考查同位語從句例3. (2019江蘇卷)scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.awhat bthatcwhich dwhere【答案】b【解析】考查同位語從句。句意：科學(xué)家已經(jīng)獲得更多的證據(jù)，這些證據(jù)表明塑料正在進(jìn)入人體。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)的是evidence的同位語從句，且從句中不缺少成分，故用連接詞that?！九e一反三】the manager put forwa

20、rd a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. there is too much work to do. a. whether b. that c. which d. what 【答案】b【解析】句意：經(jīng)理提出一個(gè)建議，我們應(yīng)該有個(gè)助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位語從句說明suggestion的內(nèi)容，而且同位語從句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引導(dǎo)，that不作成分，只是起著連接的作用。故選b?！咀兪教骄俊縜fter investigation，the police found out one clue _ voices were heard

21、calling for help from some very distant place that day.(2016南京、鹽城高三一模，26)awhere bwhencthat dwhose 【答案】c 【解析】句意為：在調(diào)查之后，警察發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條線索，那天有人聽到遠(yuǎn)處某個(gè)地方傳來了呼救聲。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句，從句意義、結(jié)構(gòu)完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)，補(bǔ)充說明one clue的具體內(nèi)容?！靖形蛱嵘?判斷是同位語從句還是定語從句可以用“加詞”的方法，即在名詞和從句之間加入一個(gè)be動(dòng)詞，如果句子意思成立，則是同位語從句，否則，則是定語從句。the notice that the meeting

22、had to be put off was true.(同位語從句) 會(huì)議不得不推遲的通知是真的。the notice was that the meeting had to be put off.the notice that he read just now was true.(定語從句)他剛才讀的那則通知是真的。2在某些名詞后的同位語從句中，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用虛擬語氣形式：(should)動(dòng)詞原形。常見的名詞有demand，request，advice，suggestion，order，plan，proposal等。the suggestion that a new bridge (shou

23、ld) be built was accepted.在這里修建一座新橋的建議被采納了。【變式探究】is it true that mike refused an offer from yale university yesterday?yeah, but i have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.【答案】why【解析】本題考查同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：“昨天邁克拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)的錄取，這是真的嗎？”“是的，但是我不知道他為什么這樣做；那是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一?！眎dea后接同位語從句，表示某個(gè)想法的具體內(nèi)容

24、。根據(jù)thats one of his favorite universities(那是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一)可知，“我”不知道他拒絕耶魯大學(xué)的原因(why)。1. (2019江蘇卷)scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.awhat bthatcwhich dwhere【答案】b【解析】考查同位語從句。句意：科學(xué)家已經(jīng)獲得更多的證據(jù)，這些證據(jù)表明塑料正在進(jìn)入人體。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)的是evidence的同位語從句，且從句中不缺少成分，故用連接詞that

25、。1.【2018江蘇】by boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.zx.x.ka. where b. whenc. why d. how【答案】d【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：乘船是到達(dá)這里唯一的途徑，這就是我們?nèi)绾蔚竭_(dá)的。分析which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句可知，后面為表語從句，這里用連接副詞how引導(dǎo)表語從句，充當(dāng)方式狀語，表示“如何”。故選d。2.【2018天津】the gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.a

26、. whomever b. whereverc. whoever d. whatever【答案】c【解析】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：無論誰獲得自行車比賽第一名，金牌將授予他。分析句子可知，賓語從句中缺少主語，故用whoever，表示“任何人，無論誰”。故選c。3.【2018北京】 without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.a. how b. when c. where d. why【答案】c【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：沒有他的支持，我們是不會(huì)在現(xiàn)在這個(gè)位置的。how表方式，when表時(shí)間，where表地點(diǎn)，why表原因?！癬 we ar

27、e now”是表語從句，結(jié)合句子的意思可知，該處指我們所處的位置，故該從句應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。c選項(xiàng)正確。4.【2018北京】this is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.a. how b. which c. that d. what【答案】d【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：這是我父親教我的總是要面對(duì)困難，抱最大的希望?！癬 my father has taught me”是表語從句，該空在從句中做teach的賓語，且表示“父親教我的道理”，故該從句應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。d選項(xiàng)正確

28、。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，how表方式，意為“如何”；which意為“哪一個(gè)”，that在只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，不做成分。1(2017江蘇) we choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.a. that b. which c. what d. how【答案】c 【解析】考查賓語從句。half of _ it used to charge是$20的同位語，即原來價(jià)格的一半是現(xiàn)在的$20；另外，of后跟名詞或名詞短語構(gòu)成介賓短語，所以，這里是賓語從句；賓

29、語從句中的charge后面缺少賓語，所以用what來引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并充當(dāng)賓語從句的賓語，故選c。2（2017江蘇卷）he hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _.a. was being followed b. was followingc. had been followed d. followed【答案】a 【解析】分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即他被別人跟蹤，排除b、d；根據(jù)句意在匆忙趕回家的路上，他從未回頭看是否正被跟蹤，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)最合適，故選a。 3（2017江蘇）he hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _.a. was being followed b.