2021年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)特殊句式考點(diǎn)講解含解析

1、特殊句式知識(shí)點(diǎn)一 、倒裝句(一)完全倒裝(full inversion)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全放在主語(yǔ)之前的句子便是完全倒裝句。這類句型主要有：1表示方式、方位的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首，且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)。如：in a lecture hall of a university in england sits a professor.在英格蘭一所大學(xué)的講堂里坐著一位教授。south of the river lies a small factory.一個(gè)小型工廠坐落在河

2、的南岸。out rushed the children.孩子們沖了出去。2such置于句首時(shí)。如：such was albert einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.這就是艾伯特愛(ài)因斯坦，一個(gè)樸實(shí)的人，也是20世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家。(二)部分倒裝(partial inversion)只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分(多為助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)置于主語(yǔ)之前的句子叫部分倒裝句。這類句型主要有三種：1only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，且放在句首時(shí)。如：only in this way can we learn english

3、well.只有以這種方法，我們才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。only when he returned did we find out the truth.只有當(dāng)他回來(lái)時(shí)，我們才查明了真相。使用特點(diǎn)：(1)在部分倒裝句中，如果謂語(yǔ)部分無(wú)助動(dòng)詞，則須找助動(dòng)詞來(lái)“幫助”它構(gòu)成倒裝句。如：()only after the war learned he the sad news.()only after the war did he learn the sad news.只是在戰(zhàn)后他才知道那個(gè)悲慘的消息。(2)only修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句不可倒裝。如：()only when did he return did we

4、find out the truth.()only when he returned did we find out the truth.只有當(dāng)他回來(lái)的時(shí)候，我們才查明了真相。(3)only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不可倒裝。如：()only can he answer the question.()only he can answer the question.只有他能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。2否定副詞never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ)at no time, under/in no circumstances,

5、 in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首時(shí)。如：never before have i seen such a moving film.i have never seen such a moving film before.以前我從未看過(guò)這么感人的電影。not a single mistake did he make.he didnt make a single mistake.他一個(gè)錯(cuò)也沒(méi)犯。3七個(gè)重要的固定句型：(1).sobe/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)“也是如此”。如：they love having lots of friends; so

6、 do those with disabilities.他們喜歡交很多朋友，那些有殘疾的人也是如此。【警示】如果句意不是“也是如此”，而僅是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的肯定或附加(此時(shí)的soindeed)，那么，句子不可使用倒裝形式。試比較：a：i was afraid. (句中的i指是說(shuō)話者a)b：so was i. (i指的是b，此句意為：i was afraid, too.)a：我害怕。b：我也是。a：i was afraid. (i指的是a)b：so you were.(you指的也是a。此句意為：indeed you were afraid.)a：我害怕。b：你就是這樣。(2).neither(或n

7、or)be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)“也不這樣”。如：lily cant ride; neither (或nor) can lucy.莉莉不會(huì)騎車，露西也不會(huì)。此句型中的neither(或nor)不可用so.not替代，但可用not.either改寫。如：()i have never been abroad. so hasnt he.()i have never been abroad. neither/nor has he.()i have never been abroad. he has never/not been abroad, either.我沒(méi)出過(guò)國(guó)，他也沒(méi)有。(3)soadj./a

8、dv.that./suchadj.n.that.“如此以至于”。如：so clearly does he speak english that he can always make himself understood.他說(shuō)英語(yǔ)如此清晰以至于別人都聽(tīng)得懂?！揪尽吭谶@個(gè)句型中，so/such引導(dǎo)的句子要倒裝，而that引導(dǎo)的句子不倒裝。(4)neither.，nor.“不，也不”。如：neither do i know it, nor do i care about it.我不知道，也不關(guān)心?！揪尽坑捎趎either和nor都是否定詞，所以其后面的分句均需倒裝。(5)not only.，bu

9、t also.“不僅而且”。如：not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不僅要給那些找工作的人提供幫助，而且也要給那些需要幫助的人提供醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。【警示】此句型也可寫成not only.but.或not only.but.as well的形式，但but (also)引導(dǎo)的句子必須用正常語(yǔ)序。(6)not until.“直到才”。如：not until he returned did we have

10、 supper.直到他回來(lái)我們才吃晚飯。【警示】這句話可以改寫成：we didnt have supper until he returned.再如：not until 400 in the morning can he fall asleep.he cant fall asleep until 400 in the morning.直到凌晨4點(diǎn)他才睡著。如果not until引導(dǎo)的是句子，until從句不可倒裝，只是主句需要倒裝。(7)hardly.when.，no sooner.than.“剛就”等引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，前一個(gè)句子用部分倒裝，后一個(gè)句子不倒裝。hardly/scarcely ha

11、d he heard the news when he began to cry.他一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息就哭了。(三)形式倒裝(formal inversion)形式上的倒裝在語(yǔ)法上稱為前置。它的特點(diǎn)是，只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提至句首，主謂并不倒裝。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)較多，但尤其要注意as, though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)采用形式倒裝的情況。1表語(yǔ)的倒裝tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work.盡管他很累，他還是繼續(xù)工作。2謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的倒裝try as he might，he didnt pass the exam.盡管很用功，但他考試還是不及格。3

12、狀語(yǔ)的倒裝 much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it.他雖然很喜歡那輛自行車，但不想買它?！揪尽咳绻菃螖?shù)名詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)作表語(yǔ)，不再用冠詞。如：child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。youngest as he is in our class, he speaks english the best.他雖然是我們班年齡最小的，但英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得最好。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二、強(qiáng)調(diào)it is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that句子剩余成分(一)強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可用who/that來(lái)連接，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物時(shí)用that來(lái)連接。被強(qiáng)

13、調(diào)的可以是單詞、短語(yǔ)，也可以是從句，但結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，但不能是定語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)。如：it is i who/that am right. 我才是對(duì)的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))(二)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊句式強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句is/was it被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who句子其他部分？特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞is/was itthat句子其他部分？not until句式it is/was not until.that句子其他部分not.but.句式it is not.that.，but./it is not.but.that.was it in 1939 that the sec

14、ond world war broke out?第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是在1939年爆發(fā)的嗎？when was it that you called me yesterday?你昨天給我打電話是什么時(shí)候？what is it that you want me to do?你要我做什么？i didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.it was not until she took off her dark glasses that i realized she was a famous fi

15、lm star.直到她摘掉墨鏡我才認(rèn)出她是著名影星。(三)用助動(dòng)詞do，does或did來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定的陳述句中，do還可以用于祈使句。do be careful while crossing the street.過(guò)馬路時(shí)一定要當(dāng)心。知識(shí)點(diǎn)三、省略(一)定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom?？梢允÷?。(二)狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略現(xiàn)象1當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句中含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government offic

16、e.while (i was) walking along the street, i heard my name called.當(dāng)我正在沿著大街走時(shí)，我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人叫我的名字。the exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.展覽比預(yù)料的更有趣。he opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.他張了張嘴好像有話要說(shuō)。2當(dāng)從句中的主語(yǔ)是it，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中又含有系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以把it和系動(dòng)詞be一起省略。此時(shí)構(gòu)成連詞(if, unless, when, whenever)形容詞。如：unless

17、 (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.如果沒(méi)必要，你最好別查詞典。另外，我們還可以用so或not代替上文內(nèi)容，此時(shí)可有“ifso/not”省略句式：if so和if not。he may not be at home then. if so (if he is not at home), leave him a note.他那時(shí)也許不在家。如果不在家的話，給他留下個(gè)便條。(三)不定式的省略1單獨(dú)使用不定式符號(hào)to，代替動(dòng)詞不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞，常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope,

18、 intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后邊。如：i asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.2否定形式的省略用not to。shall i go instead of him?i prefer you not to.我可以代替他去嗎？我寧可你不去。3如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。如：are you a sailor?no, but i used to be.你是個(gè)海員嗎？不是，但我以

19、前是。he hasnt finished yet.well, he ought to have.他還沒(méi)完成。哦，他早該完成了。(四)賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略1由which, when, where, how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引導(dǎo)詞。please pass me one of these books, i dont care which(you pass me)請(qǐng)遞給我一本書，隨便哪一本。he will come back, but he doesnt know when (he will come back)他會(huì)回來(lái)的，但他不知道什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。2由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，

20、連詞that可省略，若帶有多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，只有第一個(gè)that可省略，其余不能。he said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.他說(shuō)這篇課文非常重要，我們應(yīng)該背下來(lái)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)四、主謂一致(一)并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致1兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用and連接，表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：tom and jack were close friends.湯姆和杰克是親密的朋友。2兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用and連接，表示同一人、同一物、同一個(gè)概念或表示不可分割的整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：the si

21、nger and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位歌舞演員將參加我們的晚會(huì)。3被every, each, many a, no等限定的單數(shù)名詞由and連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。其中，后一個(gè)限定詞可省略。如：each boy and (each) girl has an apple.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都有一個(gè)蘋果。4一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞被幾個(gè)用and連接的并列形容詞修飾時(shí)，可以指一件事或幾件事，這種名詞作主語(yǔ)，要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。如：what he says and does do not agree.他言行不一致。simple an

22、d plain living is a fine quality.生活儉樸是一種優(yōu)良的品質(zhì)。english and american literature are appealing to her.英國(guó)文學(xué)和美國(guó)文學(xué)都對(duì)她有吸引力。5由and連接的兩個(gè)what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。如：what he says and does does not concern me.他的言行與我無(wú)關(guān)。6由or, nor, either.or，neither.nor, not only.but (also)連接的并列主語(yǔ)，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要和與它鄰近的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)

23、保持一致。如：one or two friends are coming this evening.今天晚上有一兩個(gè)朋友要來(lái)。neither i nor he is in favour of her marriage.我和他都不贊成她的婚姻。7“單數(shù)名詞with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, as much as, but, except等名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)形式。 如：dr. smith, together with his wife, is to arrive on the evening flight.史

24、密斯博士及其夫人將乘晚班飛機(jī)抵達(dá)。nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.除了一個(gè)老師和三個(gè)學(xué)生外，沒(méi)有人在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里。(二)某些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致1集體名詞family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience, crowd, government, committee等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)所指的意義而定。當(dāng)把集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式；如果指其中各個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：the class consists

25、 of 25 boys and 20 girls.這個(gè)班由25個(gè)男生和20個(gè)女生組成。the class are doing experiments.全班學(xué)生正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。2由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞，如trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果這類名詞前用了a pair of或two/three/.pairs of來(lái)修飾，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：your glasses are very nice.你的眼鏡很漂亮。this pair of trousers is mine

26、.這條褲子是我的。(三)數(shù)詞與量詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致1表示時(shí)間、重量、距離、價(jià)格、體積等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)，通常當(dāng)作整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：twenty years is a long time in ones life.20年在人的一生中是很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。2分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們表示的意義。試比較：about one third of the books are worth reading.這些書中大約有1/3值得讀一讀。3有“kind(form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of

27、”等修飾的主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)形式常取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。如：this new type of buses is on show.這種新型的公共汽車現(xiàn)在正在展出。all kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.必須克服各種各樣的困難。4如果主語(yǔ)由“many a/more than one單數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。如：many a page in this book is missing.這本書缺了許多頁(yè)。5a quantity of及quantities of后既可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，亦可接不可數(shù)名詞；a quantity of.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式取

28、決于后面的名詞是否可數(shù)；而quantities of.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)總用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：with more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.with more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.隨著越來(lái)越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被沖走了。(四)從句中的主謂一致1在用it作形式主語(yǔ)的句子中和在用it構(gòu)成的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

29、常用單數(shù)。如：it isnt obvious which route would be the best.哪條路線會(huì)是最好的還不明顯。it was he who taught us english last year.去年是他教我們英語(yǔ)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)知識(shí)點(diǎn)五、其他特殊句式(一)祈使句的固定句式1祈使句and簡(jiǎn)單句表示“如果就”2祈使句or簡(jiǎn)單句表示“否則”(二)感嘆句的固定句式1what a(an)單數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！2what形容詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！3how形容詞a(an)單數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！4how形容詞/副詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！(三)反義疑問(wèn)句1主從復(fù)合句，與主句的主謂語(yǔ)保持一致。但當(dāng)陳述部分是i (

30、we) think/believe/expect/suppose加從句時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)和從句的人稱時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。2must表示猜測(cè)時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句(1)“must be”對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)作一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的附加疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行處理。3陳述部分是祈使句，疑問(wèn)尾句用will you；但如果陳述部分是lets開(kāi)頭的祈使句，疑問(wèn)尾句用shall we。高頻考點(diǎn)一、考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型例1、【2018天津】it was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _we saw lily in the passenger seat.a. which b. th

31、atc. when d. where【答案】b【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：只有當(dāng)汽車在我們房子前停下來(lái)我們才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。這里考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：it is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ))+ that/ who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人)+ 其他部分。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故選b?！咀兪教骄俊浚?017天津）it was when i got back to my apartment _ i first came across my new neighbors.a. wh

32、o b. where c. which d. that【答案】d【解析】句意：當(dāng)我回到我的公寓的時(shí)候，我首先遇見(jiàn)了我的新鄰居。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞it was開(kāi)頭，后面連詞首選that，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，但需要驗(yàn)證，本句中去掉it was 和that，句意完整，所以確定是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。故選d?！咀兪教骄俊縴ou are waiting at a wrong place.it is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.【答案】that【解析】句意：你等錯(cuò)地方了。長(zhǎng)途汽車來(lái)賓館接游客。本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：it is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who其他。本句中at t

33、he hotel是被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，缺強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中的that，故填that。【變式探究】 was it because jack came late for school _ mr. smith got angry?a. why b. who c. where d. that【考點(diǎn)】考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句【答案】d【解析】本題考查的特殊句式中強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)“it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分that/who+其他成分”。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分較為特殊，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句because jack came late for school。句意：斯密斯先生是因?yàn)閖ack上學(xué)遲到才生氣的嗎？故

34、d正確?！九e一反三】it was only after he had read the papers _ mr. gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.awhen bthat cwhich dwhat【答案】b【解析】句意：只有他看了論文之后，克洛斯先生才意識(shí)到擺在他面前的任務(wù)很難完成。本題為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：it is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that.，故b項(xiàng)正確。高頻考點(diǎn)二、考查倒裝句例2(2019天津卷)the professor warned the students that on n

35、o account _ use mobile phones in his class.ashould they bthey shouldcdare they dthey dare【答案】a【解析】考查倒裝和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：教授警告學(xué)生說(shuō)在他的課上絕對(duì)不應(yīng)該使用手機(jī)。on no account(絕對(duì)不)具有否定意義，置于句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；再結(jié)合句意“不應(yīng)該”可知，應(yīng)選a?！九e一反三】（2017江蘇） _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. a. it

36、were b. were it c. it was d. was it【答案】b【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和倒裝。虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，be動(dòng)詞統(tǒng)一用were；虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時(shí)把were/should/had提前，即were /should/ had i.，故選b。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無(wú)法克服她自己的困難的?！咀兪教骄俊縩ot until recently _the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.a. they had encouragedb. had they encouraged

37、c. did they encouraged. they encouraged【答案】c【解析】句意：直到最近他們才鼓勵(lì)在農(nóng)村地區(qū)開(kāi)展與旅游業(yè)有關(guān)的活動(dòng)。當(dāng)not until所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)，主句要使用部分倒裝。故c項(xiàng)正確?！咀兪教骄俊縩o sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.a. had mo yan b. mo yan had c. has mo yan d. mo yan has【答案】a【解析】本題中的固定句式no sooner than一就；當(dāng)否定詞放在

38、句首的時(shí)候，主句中要使用部分倒裝的形式。句義：莫言一走上舞臺(tái)，觀眾就爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。根據(jù)句義可知莫言走上舞臺(tái)是在觀眾鼓掌之前，而觀眾鼓掌已經(jīng)使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，在這之前的動(dòng)作要使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。同時(shí)要使用倒裝句式。故a正確?！九e一反三】only when you can find peace in your heart _good relationships with others.a. will you keep b. you will keep c. you keptd. did you keep【答案】a【解析】本題考察的是only的倒裝句。當(dāng)only放在句首，且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，需要

39、使用部分倒裝的形式。本題中only放在了句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when you can find peace in your heart，所以后面的主句要使用倒裝句。d項(xiàng)的時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。句義：只有當(dāng)你取得內(nèi)心的安寧以后，你才可以和別人保持良好的關(guān)系。故a正確。高頻考點(diǎn)三 主謂一致例3【2019江蘇卷】 22.the musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.a. givesb. has givenc. have givend. give【答案】b【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與主謂一

40、致。句意：在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里，這名音樂(lè)家與他的樂(lè)隊(duì)成員已經(jīng)完成了十場(chǎng)演出。由“in the last three months”可知，這句話的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故排除ad選項(xiàng)。本句主語(yǔ)為the musician，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選b。【舉一反三】(2017江蘇卷)the publication of great expectations，which_both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened dickens status

41、 as a leading novelist.ais barecwas dwere【答案】c【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，which指代great expectations這本書，故定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)句中的strengthened可知，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故答案為c。【舉一反三】it is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years to achieve.ais；takes bare；takescare；take d

42、is；take【答案】a【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：重要的是要記住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的總和，它常常需要很多年的時(shí)間才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。此處success是不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選a項(xiàng)?！咀兪教骄俊縯he scientists claimed that only now and then _ this kind of bird living in the wild.athey could see bcould they seecthey have seen dhave they seen【答案】b【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和倒裝。句意：科學(xué)家們稱他們只是偶爾能看到處于野生狀態(tài)的這種鳥

43、。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“only狀語(yǔ)”位于賓語(yǔ)從句句首，從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用倒裝。結(jié)合句中的“claimed”“now and then”及選項(xiàng)可知，此處陳述過(guò)去的某種事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選b?！咀兪教骄俊縜mong the biggest problems facing those remote mountainous villages _ the lack of experienced teachers.ais barecis there dare there【答案】a【解析】考查倒裝句和主謂一致。表示方位的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，句子要用全部倒裝，而本題中的介詞短語(yǔ)“among the b

44、iggest problems facing those remote mountainous villages”正是表示抽象的方位的，所以本句要用全部倒裝，而且主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞the lack，故選a項(xiàng)。高頻考點(diǎn)四 省略例4 video games can be a poor influence if _ in the wrong hands.ato leave bleavingcleave dleft【答案】d【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果落在不合適的人的手中，電子游戲就會(huì)有一個(gè)很壞的影響。leave的邏輯主語(yǔ)是video games，主語(yǔ)video games與leave之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故

45、用過(guò)去分詞。if left.是“連詞過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的狀語(yǔ)從句的省略?！九e一反三】if _ for the job，youll be informed soon.ato accept bacceptcaccepting daccepted【答案】d【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果你被接受做這份工作，你很快就會(huì)接到通知。句中you與accept之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，所以答案為d。本題中if之后省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，補(bǔ)充完整為：if you are accepted for the job，youll be informed soon.?！咀兪教骄俊縯he climate here is qu

46、ite pleasant，the temperature rarely，_，reaching 30 in summer.aif not bif evercif any dif so【答案】b【解析】考查省略句。句意：這里的氣候宜人，如果曾經(jīng)有的話，在夏季氣溫極少達(dá)到30攝氏度。if not如果不；if ever如果曾經(jīng)有，如果曾經(jīng)發(fā)生；if any如果有的話；if so如果是這樣的話。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(極少)可知，空格處表達(dá)的意思是“如果曾經(jīng)有(if ever)”。【變式探究】the driver wanted to park his car

47、near the roadside but was asked by the police _anot to do bnot tocnot do ddo not【答案】b【解析】考查省略。句意：那個(gè)司機(jī)想把車?？吭诼愤?，但是警察不允許他這樣做。這里為了避免重復(fù)，省略與前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符號(hào)to。補(bǔ)充完整后應(yīng)為“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。高頻考點(diǎn)五 其他特殊句式例5(2018北京卷)in any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a hi

48、ghlytrained agent will get you the help you need.apress bto presscpressing dpressed【答案】a【解析】考查固定句型。句意：在任何不安全的情況下，只要按下按鈕，一個(gè)訓(xùn)練有素的代理人就會(huì)給你需要的幫助。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為祈使句，所以用動(dòng)詞原形?！九e一反三】i spent two weeks in london last summer.then you must have visited the british museum during your stay，_ you?amustnt bhaventcdidnt

49、 dhadnt【答案】c【解析】考查反意疑問(wèn)句。句意：去年夏天，我在倫敦度過(guò)了兩個(gè)星期。那么，在此期間你肯定參觀了英國(guó)博物館，是不是？must have done結(jié)構(gòu)在句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)，當(dāng)句末有反意疑問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，可分為兩種情況： (1)句中沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為“havent/hasnt.？”；(2)句中有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為“didnt.？”。根據(jù)題干中的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用第二種情況?！咀兪教骄俊縠very day _ a proverb aloud several

50、 times until you have it memorized.aread breadingcto read dreads【答案】a【解析】考查祈使句。句意：每天都要大聲朗讀幾遍諺語(yǔ)，直到你能背誦為止。連詞until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，前面為主句，主句是一個(gè)祈使句，故選a?！咀兪教骄俊縯he old president of that company must have donated most of his money to the charity and those in need, _？adidnt he bdoesnt hechasnt he dmustnt he【答案】c【解析】

51、考查反意疑問(wèn)句。句意：那個(gè)公司年邁的董事長(zhǎng)肯定把他大部分的錢捐獻(xiàn)給了慈善機(jī)構(gòu)和那些貧困的人，不是嗎？當(dāng)must用來(lái)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)(must have done)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成(此時(shí)句中一般沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))，反意疑問(wèn)句部分用“havent/hasnt主語(yǔ)”。1.（2019新課標(biāo)i卷）of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【

52、解析】時(shí)態(tài)和考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語(yǔ)，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。2(2019天津卷)the professor warned the students that on no account _ use mobile phones in his class.ashould they bthey shouldcdare they dthey dare【答案】a【解析】考查倒裝和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：教授警告學(xué)生說(shuō)在他的課上絕對(duì)不應(yīng)該使用手機(jī)。on no account(絕

53、對(duì)不)具有否定意義，置于句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；再結(jié)合句意“不應(yīng)該”可知，應(yīng)選a。1.【2018北京】in any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.a. press b. to press c. pressing d. pressed【答案】a【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情況下，僅僅摁一下這個(gè)按鈕，一個(gè)訓(xùn)練有素的特工就會(huì)使你得到你需要的幫助。and是連詞，連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，and后面是一個(gè)句子，那么，前面也應(yīng)是句子，選項(xiàng)

54、中只有動(dòng)詞原形可以構(gòu)成祈使句，其余的都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，無(wú)法構(gòu)成句子。故a選項(xiàng)正確。2.【2018天津】 it was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _we saw lily in the passenger seat.a. which b. thatc. when d. where【答案】b【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：只有當(dāng)汽車在我們房子前停下來(lái)我們才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。這里考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：it is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ))+ that/ who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人)+ 其他部分。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故選b。1（2017江蘇） _ not for the support of