07被動(dòng)語態(tài)精講-2020年高考英語語法突破真題精講+課件

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)第12頁共12頁Look at the following pictures and please tell me what happened to the man.An unlucky manThe man is punched.The man was kicked.The man is scratched.The man is bitten.1 .被動(dòng)語態(tài)是高考英語學(xué)習(xí)的重要語法項(xiàng)目之一，它的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復(fù)雜，也很容易出現(xiàn)很多的陷阱題，是高中階段英語學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。2 .被動(dòng)語態(tài)在高考中經(jīng)常和時(shí)態(tài)一起考察，一般出現(xiàn) 1-2題，分值1-2分。除了直 接在語法填空、短文改錯(cuò)中考到，寫

2、作中也會(huì)用到，另外，在閱讀理解中正確理解 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的含義也非常重要。3 .在英語中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用得比漢語要普遍，因此被動(dòng)語態(tài)在英語中極為重要。許多課本 及考試乃至實(shí)際應(yīng)用中都常常涉及到被動(dòng)語態(tài)。一.冷菽擊演動(dòng)i音.現(xiàn)自行flr的被前一在完窗晤春梗動(dòng)1=的導(dǎo)被動(dòng)語態(tài) 高一上留下一 痢不代形式的被-k】g形母7校動(dòng)語匯/動(dòng)語舌的他比洞語:引概法被動(dòng)語卷啊用泮*精阱精練動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的概述動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)表示主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者He wrote a novel.（主語he是動(dòng)作wrote的執(zhí)行者）被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承文名A novel was written by h

3、im.（主語A novel是動(dòng)作的承爻者）【即學(xué)即練】找到下列句子的主語，并判斷是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。1. Someone met him at the station this morning.主語： ,是（動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者）.2. He was met at the station this morning.主語： ,是（動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者）.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成（肯定句、否定句、疑問句）,般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)I wash clothes.觀察變化后的兩個(gè)句子，總結(jié)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式:被動(dòng)語態(tài)（be done）被動(dòng)語態(tài)be字變過去分詞跟后面看圖組句子：參考下頁圖片,般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

4、The bridge was built last year.The road was repaired last year.The thieves were caught by police.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) wa八were + done看圖組句子：肯定句、否定句、疑問句,般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1 will plant more and more trees.Mure utid more trees nil! be p加iiteiL1 will protect the rivers.RRers will be protected.I Mill build more svhiwK More s

5、chools will be built,I . 一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：will/shall be + done ; be going to be done四.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)What s my grandpa doing?Mj Rriindpii k wuieiiii the fluwers*bv doneThe (lowers are being watered by my grandpa*The clavichord is being repaired by him.I am being criticized by the teacher.現(xiàn)在迸行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(uni$ re bei

6、ng + done5 .其他時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)疔時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)am is ;ire beih + (lone 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) vas verc heing + done |現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)have hs betn + doneI have defined the bedroomtrhe bedroom hm been cleaned by me.The photos have been taken by me.6 .小結(jié)【各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)amisarc +donc一般過去時(shí)waswerc + dnnc一般將來時(shí)will be + done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)a向inare b

7、eing + done*過去進(jìn)行時(shí)wtiswcrc being + done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)lKHehj5 been + done過去完成時(shí)had been + done含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞canmayjnust he + done *being不能省略【即學(xué)即練】1. Paper money(use)for over a thousand years.2. The fire (get)to the fifth floor. All the people ( save).3. Till now, three films (show)in that small village this month.4. Wo

8、uld you please keep silent? The weather report (broadcast)(正在播放) and I want to listen.5. My sister is working in the power factory that(build) for just one year.6. The problemi(discuss)tomorrow.7. He said that work(finish).8. The baby should be (take) good care of by the baby-sitter.9. NO SMOKING sh

9、ould(see) in the stores even in many parts of the city.10. Many interesting experiences(carry)out these days.知識(shí)點(diǎn)三特殊形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1 .含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)tnnymust be十donePassing planes can be heard night and day. The kev must be found bv me.2 .含有雙賓語的被動(dòng)She me a book.I w ns yi en 刃 bnoli bv henA book v us ttix

10、cn to me by her.He sent me an invitation.I was sent an invitation by him.【即學(xué)即練】My mom has bought me an iPhone.I.An iPhone3.表里不一的代表“一感” “二聽” “三讓” “五看”主動(dòng)to字要離去，被動(dòng)to字要回府。feel hear/listen to make/let/have see/look/watch/notice/observeThe boss made them work day and night.They were made to work day and n

11、ightI saw him stval the cabbage.He w】i seen to sUal the cabbage.【即學(xué)即練】標(biāo)出下列句子的成分，并將句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. We can write letters in English.2. Parents should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes.3. You must clean your bedroom every day.4. I heard him sing a song.麗熾點(diǎn)四主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) 系動(dòng)詞：描述主語特征，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語通常是物This

12、 kind of pen writes very smoothly.This kind nf shirt sells very well.Moon cakes taste delicious.looksoundwrite sell注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影 響。試比較：The door won t lock.指門本身有毛?。㏕he door won t be locke指不會(huì)有人來鎖門，指 門沒有鎖”是人的原因） 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out,

13、come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例：How do the newspapers come out?這些報(bào)紙是如何出來的呢？ be +under/ in等介詞+名詞表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的含義。(名詞前一般不用冠詞)例：The city is under attack (= is being attacked) at the moment.【即學(xué)即練】1. English is widely used. Many business letters around the world(write)in

14、it.2. They(ask)to help to the farmers with the harvest last autumn.3. Mary some songs in her room last night.A. was heard to singB. is heard to singC. was heard singingD. is heard singing4. Great changes(take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories (set) up.5. Come and sit down by the fire. You

15、r hand(feel)cold.6. The article( read) well.7. The problem is under (discuss)at the meeting非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。1 . need, want, require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng) 于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。My hair nevds cutting.Mv hair needs to be culThe car needs repairing.Fhe clothes need washing. The c

16、lothes need to be washed.The car needs to be repaired.2 . worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例：The picture-book is well worth reading. (= The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)3 .動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例：I have a lot of things to do this

17、 afternoon.（to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。）例：I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?（此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。）4 .形容詞+不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有 nice, easy, fit,hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant,interesting 等。例：This prob

18、lem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me）.5 .在too- - to 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例：This book is too expensive （for me） to buy.6 .在there be 句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語，重點(diǎn)在物。例：There is no time to lose （to be lost）.（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose； 用 to be lost, 誰 lo

19、st time 不明確。）【即學(xué)即練】1. I have much work.我有許多要做的事情。2. Tom is looking for a room to . Tom 在找一間住的房間。3. The question is difficult .這個(gè)問題很難回答。4. He said that his teeth required（ repair）.n當(dāng)堂總結(jié)j定義被動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are + done一般過去時(shí)was/were +done一般將來時(shí)will be + done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are +being done結(jié)構(gòu)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were + being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been + done過去完成時(shí)had + been done主動(dòng) 形式 表不 被