真實(shí)條件句VS非真實(shí)條件句

1、真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句vsvs非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句2017-8-21條件句概述條件句概述12真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句3非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句4習(xí)題鞏固習(xí)題鞏固contents目目錄條件句條件句條件句是指一種表示假設(shè)的主從復(fù)合句，一般由連詞條件句是指一種表示假設(shè)的主從復(fù)合句，一般由連詞 if if 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的條件從句引出某種假設(shè)，再由主句表示基于這種假設(shè)下的反的條件從句引出某種假設(shè)，再由主句表示基于這種假設(shè)下的反饋饋。常譯為常譯為“如果或假如如果或假如那么那么”。分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句，前者使用陳述語(yǔ)氣，后者需分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句，前者使用陳述語(yǔ)氣，后者需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。條件句主句和從

2、句的動(dòng)詞需遵守時(shí)態(tài)一致律。用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。條件句主句和從句的動(dòng)詞需遵守時(shí)態(tài)一致律。表示現(xiàn)實(shí)中可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況。表示現(xiàn)實(shí)中可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況。在真實(shí)條件句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用在真實(shí)條件句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)代一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 1. if it _ (rain)tomorrow, i will stay at home. 2. they said they would let us know if they _ any news about him. 真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句rainsheard 如果主句用的

3、是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，如果主句用的是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，if if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀引導(dǎo)的條件狀 語(yǔ)從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。語(yǔ)從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 如果主句是祈使句，從句用如果主句是祈使句，從句用_。 如果主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句用如果主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句用_。1. i will visit my grandmother if i _ free. 2. lets go shopping if you are not busy. 3. you must be careful if you go swimming in the river.am一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)ifif引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句可以

4、放在主句前面，常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句前面，常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；也可以放在主句的后面。也可以放在主句的后面。 if you dont hurry, you will be late. = you will be late if you dont hurry.語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序“祈使句祈使句+and (or)+and (or)+陳述句陳述句”在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)含有條在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。 hurry up, or youll be late.= if you dont hurry up, youll be late.“if+“if+否定句否定句”相當(dāng)

5、于相當(dāng)于“unless+“unless+肯定句肯定句”。 dont come in if i dont call you. = dont come in unless i call you.轉(zhuǎn)換轉(zhuǎn)換也叫虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相反的假設(shè)情況。也叫虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相反的假設(shè)情況。主句和從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都需要使用主句和從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都需要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在表示與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種形式。在表示與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種形式。非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句1. 1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反if if 條件句：條件句：_主句主句：_一般過(guò)去式（was用w

6、ere）would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形1. if i _(come) into a fortune, i _(give) up e into a fortune( (繼承一筆遺產(chǎn)，發(fā)財(cái)）繼承一筆遺產(chǎn)，發(fā)財(cái)）2. if i _(know) how it works, i _(tell) you what to do.3. if we _ (leave) now, we _ (arrive) in time.camewould giveknewcould tellleftshould arrive1. 1. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反if if 條件句：條件句：_主句

7、主句：_過(guò)去完成時(shí) had donewould/should/could/might+have done1. if i _(leave) sooner, i _(catch) the bus.2. we _(call) you if we _(know) your telephone number.3. if she _ (take) the medcine, she _ (fell) much better.had leftwould have caughtwould have calledhad knownhad takenwould have felt3. 3. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)

8、相反if if 條件句：條件句：_主句主句：_一般過(guò)去式/ were to do/ should dowould/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形1. if we _(miss) the 10 oclock train, we _(get) there till after lunch.2. if our train_(arrive) on time, we _(have) time to visit your sister. 3. if he _(come), what _ to him?如果他要是來(lái)了，我們?cè)摵退f(shuō)些什么呢were to misswouldt get were

9、 to arriveshould have were to comeshould we say所述情況所述情況條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句主句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反注意：上述注意：上述主句的謂語(yǔ)主句的謂語(yǔ)中，中，wouldwould表示結(jié)果，表示結(jié)果，mightmight表示可表示可能性，能性，couldcould表示能力、允許或可能性，表示能力、允許或可能性，shouldshould表應(yīng)該，主表應(yīng)該，主要用于第一人稱(chēng)后。要用于第一人稱(chēng)后。1. 1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主

10、句和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式過(guò)去一般時(shí)（過(guò)去一般時(shí)（bebe用用werewere）would/should/could/ might+ +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形had+had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞would/should/could/ might+have+ +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 were to+ +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 should+ +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/ might+ +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形2. 2. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致致時(shí)，

11、被稱(chēng)為時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。1. if they had worked hard, they would be very tired.2.if he _(follow) the doctors advice then, he _ (be) quite all right now.had followedwould be3. 3. 省略省略ifif的虛擬條件從句的用法的虛擬條件從句的用法在非真實(shí)條件句中，如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)中含有在非真實(shí)條件句中，如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)中含有were,hadwe

12、re,had或或shouldshould，可，可將將ifif省略，而把這幾個(gè)詞放在句首，構(gòu)成倒裝，其意義與帶省略，而把這幾個(gè)詞放在句首，構(gòu)成倒裝，其意義與帶ifif的條件從的條件從句相同句相同。1. if i were you, i would learn to ski._here earlier, you _ her.如果你到的早點(diǎn)的話(huà)，你就見(jiàn)到她了。如果你到的早點(diǎn)的話(huà)，你就見(jiàn)到她了。_tomorrow, the picnic would be put off.萬(wàn)一明天下雨的話(huà)萬(wàn)一明天下雨的話(huà)had you arrivedwould have seenwere i you,should it

13、 rain4. 4. 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句在上下文情況清楚的情況下，條件從句或主句有時(shí)可省略，條件從句在上下文情況清楚的情況下，條件從句或主句有時(shí)可省略，條件從句不表達(dá)出來(lái)，只暗含在上下文中。條件句的意思通常用不表達(dá)出來(lái)，只暗含在上下文中。條件句的意思通常用without，otherwise(否則），否則），or， but for，were it not for等方式表達(dá)。等方式表達(dá)。if it were not for their help, we could not get over the difficulities.but for their help, without their h

14、elp， im ill; otherwise i would visit my grandpa.1. he hesitated（猶豫）for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _a goal.a. had scored b. scored c. would scored d.would have scored.2. but for their help, we _the program in time.a. can not finish b. will not finish c. had not finisd d. could not

15、 have finished.3. they _ two free tickets to canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.a. had got b. got c. have got d. getddb4. if it _for his teachers help, my brother wouldnt have passed the english exam so easily last term.a. werent b. hadnt been c. hasnt been d.wouldnt be5. i

16、f you _in the exam, you will let him down.a. fail b. will fail c. failed d. would fail6. if i were to have time, i _to the theatre tomorrow evening.a. should go b.would have gone c. had gone d. were to gobaa7. if you _late, you would have caught the first bus. a. wont be b. havent been c. arent d.ha

17、dnt been8. i would have gone to the meeting if i _timea. had b. have had c. had had d. would have had9. i didnt see your sister at the meeting. if she _, i would have met her.a. has come b. did come c. came d. had comedcd1. if everyone _(protect) the environment, the world will become better.1. we _

18、(be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.2. if there _(be) no modern telecommunications(遠(yuǎn)程通訊), we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.3. but for the help of my english teacher, i wouldnt _(win)the first prize in the english writing competition.4. if we _(take) the other road, we might have not missed the train.would bewerehave wonhad takenprote