高考復(fù)習(xí)(句子成分,簡單句,并列句)

1、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句衡南九中 殷老師編制學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)： 1.熟記簡單句的五種基本句型 2.會判斷簡單句的五種基本句型3.了解英語句子的分類方法4.會從結(jié)構(gòu)上區(qū)別認識簡單句、并列句及復(fù)合句簡單句的五種基本句型課前熱身、劃分句子成分并判斷這些句子的類型1. She is a very good girl . ( ) (_語) (_詞) (_語)2. The girl is very good. ( ) (_語) (_詞) (_語)3. They laughed. ( ) (_語) (_詞) 4. The kites fly in the sky. ( ) (_語) (_詞)5. I bought a

2、 new bike. ( ) (_語) (_詞) (_語)6. He plays volleyball. ( ) (_語) (_詞) (_語)7. She told me a story. ( ) (_語) (_詞) (_語) (_語)8. He gave me a good book. ( ) (_語) (_詞) (_語) (_語)9.He asked me to help him. ( )(_語) (_詞) (_語) (_語)10.He made me happy. ( ) (_語) (_詞) (_語) (_語)學(xué)習(xí)擂臺英語五種基本句型列式如下：基本句型一S.+V. (主謂)基本句型二S.

3、+V.+P. (主系表)基本句型三S.+V.+O. (主謂賓)基本句型四S.+V.+I.O.+D.O. (主謂間賓直賓)基本句型五S.+V.+O.C. (主謂賓賓補)一、S.+V. (主語謂語)請看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1The sun was shining.2We all breathe, eat, and drink.3Who cares?4. What he said does not matter.5They talked for half an hour.6The pen writes smoothly.此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。 這類動詞

4、叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。(1)這些動詞常見的有：take place，happen，break out，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，come，die，exist，fall，rise，hang(可作及物動詞或不及物動詞)等。(2)有些動詞如wash，sell，burn，write，clean，draw，cook，read等可以在后面加副詞表示主語的性質(zhì)。知識點2二、S.+V.+P. (主語系動詞表語)請看下列例句并仿照劃開句子成分1This is an EnglishChinese dictionary.2The dinner

5、 smells good.3He fell in love.4Everything looks different.5He is growing tall and strong.6The trouble is that they are short of money.7Our well has gone dry.8His face turned red.歸納提示：在該句型中，句子的謂語動詞不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。連系動詞分兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有：be，look，seem，appear，

6、smell，taste，sound，sit，stand，lie，keep，remain，stay等。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞。這些詞有：become，get，grow，turn，go，come，prove等。知識點3三、S.+V.+O. (主語謂語賓語)請看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1Who knows the answer?2She smiled her thanks.3He has refused to help them.4He enjoys reading.5They ate what was left over.6He said “Good morning.”7I want to

7、 have a cup of tea.8He admits that he was mistaken.這種句型中的動詞為及物動詞或者相當(dāng)于及物動詞動詞短語。謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。同時，句子中有時含有與賓語有關(guān)的狀語。另外，動詞或動詞短語跟非謂語動詞作賓語時，有些只跟不定式，而有些只跟動名詞。跟不定式做賓語的動詞有：afford，agree，choose，decide，demand，desire，determine，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，pro

8、mise，refuse，seek，threaten，wish，arrange，learn，etc.跟動名詞做賓語的動詞和短語有：acknowledge(承認)，admit，appreciate(感激)，avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，prevent，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mind，practice，quit(放棄)，risk，(cant)stand，suggest，advise等；動詞短語有：give up，put off，feel like，set about，insist on等。四、S.+V.+I.O.+D.

9、O.(主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語)請看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1She ordered herself a new dress.2She cooked her husband a delicious meal.3He bought you a dictionary./He bought a dictionary for you.4I showed him my pictures./I showed my pictures to him.5I gave my car a wash.6I told him that the bus was late.7He showed me how to run

10、 the machine.此句型謂語動詞是能帶雙賓語的動詞。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者，即直接賓語和間接賓語。這種句型中間接賓語常常指“人”，直接賓語常常指“物”。跟雙賓語的動詞有：award，give，offer，bring，buy，show，bring，leave，lend，pass，pay，promise，send，take，tell，get，book，fetch，find，make，order等。該句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：(1)動詞賓語for sb.(buy，provide)。(2)動詞賓語to sb.(give，offer，show，lend)。知

11、識點5五、S.+V.+O.+O.C. (主語謂語賓語賓語補足語)請看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1They appointed him manager.2They painted the door green.3This set them thinking.4They found the house deserted.5What makes him think so?6We saw him out.7He asked me to come back soon.8I saw them getting on the bus.在英語中，有些動詞接了一個賓語后句子意思仍不完整，還需要再加上一個詞或短語放

12、在賓語之后來補充說明其身份、特征、狀態(tài)或所做的動作，這種“賓語賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)稱為復(fù)合賓語。賓語和補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這是與雙賓語的不同之處。一些動詞后面常跟復(fù)合賓語，這類動詞有：let，see，watch，hear，help，feel，keep，call，make，find，tell，ask，think，want等。歸納總結(jié) 1.只有 動詞后才會帶賓語，雙賓語是指 和 ，而復(fù)合賓語為 的結(jié)構(gòu)2.只有 動詞后才會帶表語，所以要牢記這些動詞，不要只記得be3. 復(fù)合賓語與雙賓語的不同之處在于： 4.你能結(jié)合下列兩個例句分析一下哪個是復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)嗎？I gave my car a was

13、h. （提示：不能說“我的車子是一個澡”my car is a wash）I saw them getting on the bus.（提示：可以說“他們正上車”They are getting on the bus ）隨堂演練完成句子并寫出句型代碼。1他感到焦慮。He worried.( )2這孩子看起來像只猴子。The child like a monkey.( )3你必須保持健康。You must .( )4這種混合物味道太難嘗了。The mixture .( )5他變得對科學(xué)感興趣。He in science.( )6現(xiàn)在我的夢想實現(xiàn)了。Now my dream has .( )7昨晚

14、他顯得十分疲倦。He last night.( )8這項工程持續(xù)了4年。The project .( )9一個農(nóng)民來到一個婦女家。A farmer a womans house.( )10這種事每個晚上都發(fā)生。It .( )11他們正在吃早飯。They .( )12我希望不久收到到你的來信。I from you soon.( )13她不喜歡乘飛機旅行。She by air.( )14他們教我們漢語。They .( )15記者們把它們交給了編輯。Reporters the editor.( )16請把信拿給我好嗎？Would you please ？( )17他們打算將入口大廳涂為白色。They

15、 are going to the entrance hall .( )18我不會讓你走的。I wont .19父親看見他坐在一些雞蛋上。His father him on some eggs.20我該把他留在家中嗎？Shall I him ？( )簡單句、并列句及復(fù)合句學(xué)習(xí)擂臺一）句子按照用途來分類種 類類 型例 句陳述句肯定句We love our motherland. 否定句They dont go to work on Sundays. 疑問句一般疑問句Are you a worker? Havent you seen the film? 特殊疑問句Who is the man? W

16、hen do you watch TV? What are they doing now? 選擇疑問句Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 反意疑問句They are going to the airport, arent they? You havent finished your homework, have you? 祈使句肯定句Be sure to get there at eight. 否定句Dont worry. Ill help

17、you out. 感嘆句what + 名詞What great changes we have had these years! What a fine day it is! how + 形容詞或副詞How brave he is! How hard they are working! how +句子How time flies! How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj. +nHow nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 二）句子按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)用途來分類1)簡單句:只有一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語

18、(或并列謂語)的句子。 He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.課堂練習(xí)請寫出簡單句的五種基本句型 注:其他各種句子都是在簡單句的五種基本句型這一種基礎(chǔ)擴展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。 2) 并列句:由并列連詞(and, but, or等)或分號(;)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。 You help him and he helps you.The future

19、 is bright ; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。并列句的分類由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的互相關(guān)連而又互相獨立的獨句(即簡單句)連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子叫并列句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句1、聯(lián)合并列句常用并列詞是and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then, or, eitheror, otherwise等連接。Use your head, and youll find a way.Hurry up, or youll miss the train.2、轉(zhuǎn)折并列句常用的連詞有but/yet, however

20、, , while/whereas(而), nevertheless（然而不過），still（可是）等。The film is not perfect , still its good這部電影不完美，可是還不錯He wants to be a writer while I want to be a doctor.3、因果并列句表示因果關(guān)系,常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。I was late, so we went home.提示：在”祈使句+and/or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 當(dāng)前后兩部分間為承接關(guān)系時, 用and;前后意思為相反關(guān)系時, 用or.可將前面的祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換成由if

21、引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句, 但必須將and 或or 去掉.如: Hurry up, and well be there in time.= If we hurry up, well be there in time.注意：because和so; although, though和but 不能連用 3)復(fù)合句:含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。復(fù)合句常由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)（還有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)）The news that our women volleyball team had won the championsh

22、ip encouraged us all greatly. 我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。（同位語從句）A man who doesnt learn from others cant achieve much.一個不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能有多少成就的。（定語從句）The film had begun when we got to the cinema.（狀語從句）復(fù)合句的分類復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。復(fù)合句常由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)（還有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)）這里不再多說，在以后教材中會有專題學(xué)習(xí)補充知識點：并列連詞連接兩個

23、或兩個以上地位平等的字、詞組或分句。從屬連詞連接兩個或兩個以上的分句，形成復(fù)雜句中的從屬分句。大致可分為三大類：1）、that （無詞義，不做成分）if，whether （表達是否的意義，但不做句子成分）2）、連接代詞：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever, whoever, whichever（有詞義，在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語）3）、連接副詞：when，where，why，how，how課堂練習(xí)判斷下列句子是簡單句還是并列句和復(fù)合句1. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 2. Neither h

24、as he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 3. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.4. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 歸納總結(jié)我們知道簡單句是含有一 和 的句子，凡是符合簡單句的五種基本句型的都可以判斷為簡單句如果句子可以看做 “簡單句+ +簡單句”這種整體結(jié)構(gòu)的是并列句如果句子可以看是“主句+ +從句”的或者“從屬連詞+ +主句”的是復(fù)合句所以，區(qū)別并列句和簡單句一般看 請結(jié)合下面的句子分析：1Going to a British hi

25、gh school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.我在英國上了一年的中學(xué)，那是一段我非常開心、非常興奮的經(jīng)歷。2We also had different students in some classes，so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.上某些課的時候，我們班上的同學(xué)也不一樣，所以對我來說記住所有人的長相和名字可是一件難事。3I found that the homework was not as h

26、eavy as what I used to get in my old school.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這里的家庭作業(yè)不像我以前在原來學(xué)校時那么繁重。4I did not realize schools in the UK are so different from schools in China until I read your article.判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句: 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3.

27、 He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening課堂練習(xí)1. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition. A. then B. but C. and D. or2. （2010全國卷IT33） We havent discussed yet _we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where3. （2010江蘇卷T35） I prefer shutting