(完整版)高中-同位語從句詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)(附答案)

1、同位語從句講義1定義：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。2用法：同位語從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, repeport, remar等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were 對你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?哪兒聽說我不能來？Early in the day came the n ews that Germa ny had declared

2、war on 德國 i已對俄國宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。注：同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞 whether引導(dǎo)。如：I have no idea whether he II con我不r知道他是否來。連接代詞who, which, wha和連接副詞where,when, why how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。The questi on who should do the work requires con sidera誰該干這項工作，這個問題需要考慮。We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer 哪兒

3、去度暑假，這個問題我們還沒有決定。It is a question how he did那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。1. that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別？that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that引導(dǎo)的定語從句句法功能上that只起連接從句的作用，無意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)一個句子成分。如在從句中作動詞的賓語時可省略。意義上從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。從句起限定作用，是定語如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is tr同位語從句，that不可省）李先生將是我們的

4、新英語老師這個消息是真的。 The news （that） he told me yesterday is tri定語從句，that在從句中作的賓語，可?。┧蛱旄嬖V我的消息是真的。2些表示 建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形表示。should可省。如： This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as p這s就是 我們唯一的請求：盡快解決這個問題。同位語從句是名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句）中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞

5、（短語）的實際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對前面的名詞（短語）加以補充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋，相當(dāng)于一個表語從句，它們之間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系，即主表關(guān)系。詳細(xì)信息一個名詞（或其它形式）對另一個名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。1. 名詞作同位語Mr Wang, my child s teacher, will be visiting us on Tues王0先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。2. 短語作同位語I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for

6、 the other children.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引語作同位語But now the questi on comes to their min ds,“ Did she die young because she was ai是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：多莉早死是因為它是一只克隆羊嗎？”4. 句子作同位語The girls were surprised at the fact that ocea n ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開至 U五大湖，讓表姐妹倆 感到吃驚。同位語從句用法同位語部分

7、是個句子，就是同位語從句，這種用法比較固定”一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。I heard the news that our team had wo n.我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。二、 可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news, idea, fact, promise , question , doubt , thought , hope, message, suggestion, words （消息）， possibility 等。I ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won

8、 ablet toesee you this after noon. 我從王先生那里來，他讓我告 訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有 連詞that , whether ,連接副詞how,when,where等。（注：if,which不能引 導(dǎo)同位語從句。）He must an swer the questi on whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had f

9、led the city .他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。同位語從句-引導(dǎo)詞同位語從句的弓I導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞語通常有連詞that, whether，連接代詞和連接副詞等。1. 連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thi nking is quite wron g. 你認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完 全錯誤的。（作idea的同位語）【注意1】在某些名詞（如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolution等）后面的同位語從句要用

10、虛擬語氣There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊?！咀⒁?】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impressi on he was board ing the Tokyo pla ne.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要 登上飛往東京的飛機了。2. 連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）The questi on whether we should c

11、all in a specialist was an swered by the family doctor. 我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來E?！咀⒁狻縲hether可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句連接代詞 what, who, whom, whose, which弓丨導(dǎo)同位語從句1）.1 have no idea what size shoes she wears我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。（ what 作定語）2）.I have no idea which wine is best it s a matter of personal tas我不知道哪種酒最好，

12、 這是個人口味的問題。（which 作定語）3）.The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who 作主語）4.連接副詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句連接副詞 when, where, how, whyWe haven t yet settled the questi on where we are going to spe nd our summer vacation到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還 沒有決定。同位語從句-相關(guān)語法一、同位語從句在句中的位置1. 一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞（如news, idea, fact, pro

13、mise, hope, message等）的后面，用以說明該名詞 所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。I ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this aft我n從on先生那邊得知一個消息， 他說他今天下午不能來看你了。2. 有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door ope n whe n she left home.她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門

14、 關(guān)上。二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞（word除外）加以修飾。Where did you get the idea that I could not come ?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？三、 同位語從句的語氣在suggestion, advice, request, order等意為建議；命令；要求的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer 老師給我們提出了一些如

15、何使用電腦的建議。四、同位語從句的先行詞同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evide nee, belief, doubt, fear, hope,question, theory, news, order, ability 等等。How did the cheats expla in the fact that the Emperor did nt feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣， 對這個問題騙子是怎樣解釋的？代詞it可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個it常放在某些 動詞

16、或短語動詞后作 賓語，同時兼作其后that同位語從句的先行詞。I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。有的語法學(xué)家把先行詞it后的that從句看作是動詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認(rèn)為，這種it后的that從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語，因為它相當(dāng)于主語+be+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)。You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.（=You must see to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.） 你要當(dāng) 心，別讓孩子們著涼了。同位語從句

17、-語法區(qū)別 與定語從句的的語法區(qū)別:1意義的不同同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通?？梢詣澋忍枺欢ㄕZ從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。（news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句）We are glad at the news that he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。（that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個new

18、s而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句）2. 引導(dǎo)詞的不同what, how, if, whatever等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。3. 引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。4. 被修飾詞語的區(qū)別同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣

19、泛。另外，when和where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，通常只修飾表示時間和地點的名詞，而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時卻不一定；又如 why引導(dǎo)定語從句，它通常只修飾名詞 the reason,而它引導(dǎo)同位語從句時則不一定：I have no idea when they will come .我不知道他們什么時候來。（同位語從句）I ll never forget the days when I lived there.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我住在那兒的日子。（定語從句）同位語從句-特殊形式1間隔同位語從句同位語從句通常是跟在它解釋或說明的名詞后，但有些情況下，由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的原因，同位語從句不緊跟在名詞后，而被其他的

20、詞隔開。A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday簡析：由于that從句太長，為避免句子失去平衡，此處用了間隔同位語從句2.suggestion,request和order等名詞后的同位語從句用虛擬語氣。She made a request that the doctor（should）be sent for at once 她請求立即請醫(yī)生來。簡析：suggesti on, order，request, prop

21、osal， requireme nt，comma nd，advice，propositi on 禾口 recomme ndati on 等名詞 后接同位語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用“（should+動詞原形”的形式，其中should 一詞可省略。3短語及固定句式后的同位語從句I will come on condition that John is invited.如果約翰也被邀請的話，我就來。簡析： 短語 On condition, on supposition, on the ground（s）, on the understanding, with the exception, in

22、spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式 There BE+no doubt（hope,chance,possibility,后的 that從句為同位語從句。同位語從句-雅思例句1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made pla in.2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.

23、4 Museums play a role of educati on for the simple reas on that they provide people with a good opport uni tyto have a deeper un dersta nding of their own coun trys traditi on and cultures.同位語從句練習(xí)題用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空：It worried her a bit her hair was turning g.ray2.I have no idea we can do with these waste ma

24、terials.3. the doctor really doubts ismy mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.It is hopednature will never be destroyed.5. do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that you had a few days off?7. Word cameI was wanted at t

25、he office.8. Do you know of them will be our new headmaster?9. The teacher didn t tell me we were wrong.10. It s generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.B單項選擇It was true Alice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that2. Does matter much he can t come to

26、 the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether3. -What are you anxious about?A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed4. The reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working.A. why, why B.

27、 why, that C. that, because D. for, because5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Who B. Whoever C. AnyoneD. The person6.I really don t know I had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why7. ?Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I

28、 cant remember .A. where B. there C. whichD. that8. -What do you think of China?-different life is today from it used to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that9. Give this to you think can do the work well.A. who B. whomC. whoever D. whomever10. troubles me is I can t learn all the

29、se English idioms by heart.A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that 練習(xí)二1. The fact she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which2. The fact he was successful proves his a.bilityA.that B.what C.which D.why3. The news he was kidnapped surprised us gr.eatlyA.what B.t

30、hat C.why D.when4. His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./ D. it5.I have no idea he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./6.Ive come from the government with a message the meeting wont be held to.morrowA.if B.that C.whether D.which7. The thought he might fail in the exa

31、m worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that8. The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear he would die of the disease.A.that B.as C.of which D.which10. He often asked me the question the work was wo

32、rth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when練習(xí)一答案 A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever B. 15 CABBB 610 ACACD練習(xí)二答案： 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA同位語從句是名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句）中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞（短語）的實際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對前面的名詞（短語）加以補充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋，相當(dāng)于一個表語從

33、句，它們之間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系，即主表關(guān)系。詳細(xì)信息一個名詞（或其它形式）對另一個名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。1. 名詞作同位語Mr Wang, my child s teacher, wiVibeing us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。2短語作同位語I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引語作同位語Bu

34、t now the questi on comes to their min ds,“ Did she die young because she was 0但是Hfe在 他們不得不思考這樣的問題：多莉早死是因為它是一只克隆羊嗎？”4. 句子作同位語The girls were surprised at the fact that ocea n ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海輪可以開至 U五大湖，讓表姐妹倆 感到吃驚。同位語從句用法同位語部分是個句子，就是同位語從句，這種用法比較固定”一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后

35、面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。I heard the news that our team had wo n.我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。二、 可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news, idea, fact, promise , question , doubt , thought , hope, message, suggestion, words （消息）， possibility 等。I ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this afterr我從王先生那里來，他讓我告 訴你他今天下午

36、不能來看你了。三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有 連詞that , whether ,連接副詞how,when,where等。（注：if,which不能引 導(dǎo)同位語從句。）He must an swer the questi on whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city .他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。同位語從句-引導(dǎo)詞同位語從句的 引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)同位語從

37、句的詞語通常有連詞that, whether，連接代詞和連接副詞等。1. 連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thi nking is quite wron g. 你認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完 全錯誤的。（作idea的同位語）【注意1】在某些名詞（如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolution等）后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped

38、from the team. 有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊。【注意2】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impressi on he was board ing the Tokyo pla ne.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要 登上飛往東京的飛機了。2. 連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）The questi on whether we should call in a specialist was an swered by the family doctor.

39、我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來E?！咀⒁狻縲hether可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句連接代詞 what, who, whom, whose, which弓丨導(dǎo)同位語從句1）.1 have no idea what size shoes she wears我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。（ what 作定語）2）.1 have no idea which wine is best it s a matter of persol taste.我不知道哪種酒最好，這是個人口味的問題。（which作定語）3）.The question who will take his p

40、lace is still not clear.（who 作主語）4.連接副詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句連接副詞 when, where, how, whyWe haven t yet settled the questi on where we are going to spe nd our summer vacation到哪兒去度暑假，這個問題我們還 沒有決定。同位語從句-相關(guān)語法、同位語從句在句中的位置1. 一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞（如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等）的后面，用以說明該名詞 所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。I ve come from M

41、r Wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this aft我從on先生那邊得知一個消息， 他說他今天下午不能來看你了。2. 有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door ope n whe n she left home.她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門 關(guān)上。二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞（word除外）加以修飾。Wher

42、e did you get the idea that I could not come ?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？三、 同位語從句的語氣在suggestion，advice， request, order等意為建議；命令；要求的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer 老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。四、同位語從句的先行詞同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有：idea, situation th

43、ought, fact, evide nee, belief, doubt, fear, hope,question, theory, news, order, ability 等等。How did the cheats expla in the fact that the Emperor did nt feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣， 對這個問題騙子是怎樣解釋的？代詞it可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個it常放在某些 動詞或短語動詞后作 賓語，同時兼作其后that同位語從句的先行詞。I owe it to you that I am sti

44、ll alive. 幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。有的語法學(xué)家把先行詞it后的that從句看作是動詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認(rèn)為，這種it后的that從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語，因為它相當(dāng)于主語+be+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)。You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.（=You must see to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.） 你要當(dāng) 心，別讓孩子們著涼了。同位語從句-語法區(qū)別與定語從句的的語法區(qū)別：1 意義的不同同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通常可以劃等號

45、；而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。（news的內(nèi)容就是that he will come，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句）We are glad at the news that he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。（that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個news而不是其他的news,故that從句為定語從句）2. 引導(dǎo)詞的不同what, how, if, whatever等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語從句。3. 引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例 that he told us中的that就充當(dāng)told的