人教高中英語(yǔ)必修三Unit GrammarPPT課件

1、2021-10-27情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Modal Verbs)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為“可能”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”、“必要”等等。但本身詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，必須和不帶to的不定式（即動(dòng)詞原形）連用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和書的變化。can and could may and mightwill and wouldshall and shouldmust and cant 第1頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27can and could So he can carry heavy books. ability He couldnt open the door by himself. ab

2、ility Could you open the door, please? request第2頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27can and could1) 表示能力（ability），指有能力做某事，意為“能夠”。例如：注意：表示現(xiàn)在，將來(lái)“能夠”可用be able to 替換。表示過(guò)去“能夠”并成功了只能用was/ were able to, 不能用could。例如My grandma is over eighty, but she can/ is able to read without glasses.We can/ will be able to talk about the ma

3、tter later. I talked with her for a long time, and at last I was able to make her believe me.(不能用could) 第3頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27can and could2) 表示請(qǐng)求（request）或（permission)意為“可否”、“可以”。 Could 比can 更有禮貌，在此不是can的過(guò)去式。 Can you wait a moment please?Liz, can you do me a favor?Excuse me, could you tell me the way t

4、o the station?I wonder if you could help me. (request) - Could I use your phone?-Yes, of course. You can. Do you think I could borrow your bike? (permission) 第4頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27can and could3) 表示可能性 （possibility） a. can 表示泛指的“可能”，并非說(shuō)話者主觀認(rèn)為的可能性，即并非說(shuō)話者的主觀猜測(cè)。Accident can happen to any drunken driver. b.

5、表示說(shuō)話者主觀猜測(cè)，只能用與否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。例如：It cant be my father. He is now in England. -Can it rain tomorrow?-No, it cant. 第5頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27may and might He may be in his office.=( perhaps he is in his office.) He might be having lunch.=( perhaps he is having lunch.)第6頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27may and might 1） 表示可能性（possibil

6、ity）,用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的推測(cè)，暗示不確定。might 不是may的過(guò)去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小，含較多的懷疑。 He may be very busy now. (可能性較大) He might be very busy now. (可能性較小) 第7頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27may and might 2） 表示許可（permission），表示允許別人做某事， 也可征求對(duì)方的許可。 He may go now. We may keep the book for two weeks. 3） 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! May you ha

7、ve a nice trip! 第8頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27may, might, can, could1. They (can/might) _be away for the weekend but Im not sure.2. You (may/might) _leave now if you wish.3. (could/may) _you open the window a bit, please?4. He (can/could) _be from America, judging by his accent.5. (may/can) _you swim?6. Listen,

8、 please. You (may not/might not) _ speak during this exam.might表示猜測(cè)may表示許可could表示請(qǐng)求could表示猜測(cè)can 表示能力may not表示不允許第9頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27may, might, can, could 7. They (can not/may not) _ still be out, the light is on in the house. 8. You (couldnt/might not) _ smoke on the bus. 9. With luck, tomorrow (can/

9、could) _be a cooler day. 10. You (can/might) _ be right, but Im going back to check it.表示許可couldntcould表示猜測(cè)can not表示猜測(cè)(不可能)might表示猜測(cè)第10頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27will and would1）表示意愿表示愿意做或主動(dòng)提出做，如意志,愿望或決心That bag looks heavy, Ill help you with it.( offering to do sth)- You know that book I lent you. Can I have

10、it back if youve finished with it?- Of course. Ill give it to you this afternoon. (agreement)Thanks for lending me the money, Ill pay you back on Friday. (promise) 第11頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27will and would 2）表示習(xí)慣(habit, custom) This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything. We would

11、 sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories. 3）表示請(qǐng)求（request）, 用于第二人稱, would 比will 更委婉。 例如： Will you come this way, please? Would you open the window? 第12頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27shall and should1）shall 的用法a.shall 在疑問(wèn)句中用于第一，第三人稱，表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。Shall we put off the sports meeting until next month?Sha

12、ll Tom go there with me tomorrow? b.shall 用于第二，第三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令，警告，允諾或威脅。You shall fail if you dont work harder. （警告）He shall have the book when I finish reading it. (允諾)He shall be punished. (威脅) 第13頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-272) should 的用法a. should 表示勸告、建議、命令。You should go to class right away.b. should 表示期待，用

13、于表達(dá)合理推斷(prediction，意為“應(yīng)該” )，或明顯的結(jié)果（意為“可能”）且所期待的事幾乎是事實(shí)。It is three oclock, the football game should begin now. Mary took dancing lessons for years, so she should be an excellent dancer. shall and should第14頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27 1. We _ smoke here, because the worker is carrying some petrol. 2. It is danger

14、ous. You _ leave the room immediately. 3. He _ go hiking with friends at weekends when young. 4. Write to me when you get home.-I _. 5. -Need I hand in my exercise book at once?-Yes, you_. 6. You have been working all day. You _ be very tired. 7. It is a long time since we met last time. You _ come

15、and see us more often. 8. Why dont you try on this dress? It _ look nice on you.will, would, shall, should, must:mustntshouldwouldwillmustmustshouldwill表示禁止,不許可表示建議,命令表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣表示意愿表示必須表示肯定猜測(cè)表示建議表示將會(huì),一定會(huì)第15頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27must and cantmust 用來(lái)表示“命令”、“推測(cè)”等含義。1）表示規(guī)定、指令表示規(guī)定、指令時(shí)主要指客觀上的法律、條文規(guī)定，常常翻譯為“應(yīng)該、必須”之類意

16、思。mustnt表示禁止You must have a passport if you want to go abroad.2) 表示主觀的命令、禁止表示主觀的命令、禁止時(shí)，主要指說(shuō)話者主觀的命令或強(qiáng)烈的勸告。You can go out with your friend but you must come back before 11 at night. -Must I hand in the exercise today?-No, you neednt. 第16頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27must and cant3）表示猜測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣非?？隙?，近乎確定的意味，一般用于肯定句，意為肯定。其

17、否定為cant， 意為不可能. 。You must be ill. I can see it from your face.He cant be at home. I saw him in the classroom just now. 第17頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27must and have to1.must用于一般問(wèn)句中,肯定回答用must否定式用 neednt或dont have to，做 “不必”,mustnt表示“禁止，不允許” Must I finish all assignments at a time? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. 2.

18、表示“必須”這個(gè)意思時(shí)，must 和have to 稍有區(qū)別。must著重說(shuō)明主觀看法，have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外，have to 能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)。I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.第18頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27Not sure Very sure He might be in the classroom. He may be in the classroom. He could be in the classroom. He

19、should be in the classroom. He must be in the classroom. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的猜測(cè)用法第19頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27Group work Choose one of the following situations to create a short dialogue using modal verbs. Situation A: In a library. Ask the librarian if he can help to find a book relating to some specific topics, whether th

20、ey can be renewed or not, and how to do if the books are lost. (“Could you please find?” “May I ?” “You mustnt”) Situation B: A doctor gives a patient some advice. (“You should”) Situation C: In a park by a lake. Discuss that one should not destroy the environment. (“You s h o u l d ” , “ Yo u s h o

21、 u l d n t ” , “ Yo u mustnt ”) Situation D: Requesting an appointment. (“Will you?” “Shall I ?”) 第20頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27Group work Situation E: You have to go to buy food and gifts for Spring Festival. In pairs, one as the shop keeper and the other as the customer, offer and request the items you need.

22、 Use these expressions to help you. Would you like ? Could I have ? Might I suggest ? May I see ? You should try ? Could we look at ? Can you see ? We might take ?第21頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27Sample dialogue In the supermarket a customer is talking with the salesman.A: Hello, I need to buy some things for the

23、 Spring Festival. B: May I suggest these gifts for the children? They are very popular.A: They are pretty, but could I have a look at the red paper envelopes on the shelf?B: Sure, would you like these ones? They are less expensive.第22頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-27A: Thats fine. Ill take twelve of them. May I see

24、what your pork is like? I need to make dumplings.B: Of course, its over there. You should try some of the cabbage that just arrived. Its very fresh. A: Ok, could I have three cabbages and a kilo of pork? I also need some flour. B: Can you see the flour down there? Please take what you need. Thanks f

25、or coming in, and have a good holiday.第23頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-271.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey. ( ) A. cant be B. mustnt have been C. shouldnt be D. couldnt have beenD2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone

26、_ get out. ( ) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toD第24頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10-273. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure. A.must B. can C. may D. willC4. - Could I call you by your first name? - Yes, you_. A. will B. could C. may D. mightC5. Sorry, I m late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A.might B. should C. can D. willA第25頁(yè)/共29頁(yè)2021-10