崔小娟討論、學(xué)習(xí)：全面推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展 英文

1、DISCUSS, STUDY: PROMOTING AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION DEVELOPMENT Developing modern agriculture, it is during the period of "twelfth five-year" promoting the coordinated development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization basic way.The fifth plenary session of the

2、17th through the "twelfth five-year" plan proposal clear requirements, in-depth development of the industrialization and urbanization in synchronization to promote agricultural modernization, is a major task of "twelfth five-year" period.Developing modern agriculture, to realize

3、the coordinated development of the industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization basic way, also is to strengthen the industry support agriculture modernization important action.一、 CONNOTATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN AGRICULTUREAgriculture is the industry of the first appeared

4、 in the human society, from the historical stage of agricultural development, the development of agriculture has undergone a primitive agriculture, the ancient agriculture and modern agriculture, modern agriculture four stages.（一） THE CONNOTATION OF MODERN AGRICULTUREModern agriculture is an importa

5、nt stage of agricultural development, which is compared with the traditional agriculture in terms of "high yield, high quality, efficient, ecological and safe" form of agriculture, is a market-oriented technology intensive developed agriculture.Modern agriculture is to use modern developme

6、nt concept, modern science and technology, modern material conditions, modern management form and management mode, implementation agriculture closely with several, ChanJiaXiao integration of multi-functional, conform to the principles of sustainable development of the industry system.The process of

7、building modern agriculture is to transform traditional agriculture, improving agriculture with modern science and technology, the process of comprehensive competitiveness is the transformation of the mode of agricultural development, and constantly improve the process of agricultural sustainable de

8、velopment capacity.（二） THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN AGRICULTURECompared with traditional agriculture, modern agriculture is the basic characteristics of the following aspects:1.More scientific.Traditional agriculture mainly depend on resources, and modern agriculture is mainly depends on the progre

9、ss of science and technology and innovation.Modern science and technology is the forerunner in the development of modern agriculture and prime mover, advancing towards a higher level of modern agriculture.The development of modern agriculture, is essentially in the agricultural industry chain of eac

10、h link using the modern science and technology, transform traditional agriculture, the process of transformation of the mode of agricultural development, is the process of training new farmers with the modern science and technology knowledge.2.Marketization.Traditional agriculture mainly self-suffic

11、iency, for the purpose of modern agricultural production is mainly in order to meet the needs of the market, provide the market with rich variety of commodities, forage-livestock system of agricultural products is very high.Modern agriculture adhere to market demand as the guidance, the market mecha

12、nism to play a leading role on the allocation of agricultural resources and promote traditional agriculture to modern agriculture change the power source.3. Industrialization.Traditional agriculture was based on the land of the basic means of production.To farmers of the basic production unit, small

13、-scale production limited to planting, breeding and production.Modern agriculture is to break the traditional agriculture is mainly engaged in the limitations of primary agricultural products raw material to produce, the chasm between industry, out of the production, processing, marketing and social

14、 service an industrialization road, implements the 123 industrial interaction, forming a related with development of agriculture, for the development of agricultural services industry group.In the modern agriculture, the peasant household of decentralized management to effectively organize and impro

15、ved the organization degree of far4. Intensive.Traditional agriculture mainly depends on resources and the extensive input of labor, pay attention to all kinds of factors of production and intensive modern agriculture investment, rational allocation of production factors effectively.Mainly by using

16、modern technology and equipment, effectively integrate resources, moderate concentration of land, and the implementation of scientific management, etc., with capital and technology intensive inputs to replace with the extensive resources and labor input, change the condition of extensive management

17、of agriculture, effectively improve the utilization rate of resources, resource productivity and agricultural labor productivity, realize agricultural development mode from extensive to intensive changes.5. Ecology.Traditional agriculture to consume resources and sacrifice the environment for the de

18、velopment of agriculture, the excessive resources environment cost.Modern agriculture is to attach great importance to the resources and protect the ecological environment to optimize agricultural development way, harmonious and sustainable development of agriculture.Pay attention to the resource sa

19、ving modern agriculture use, recycling, comprehensive development, actively promote agricultural circular economy development mode, promote the standardization of agricultural cleaner production, resource saving and environment friendly.6. Diversification.Traditional agriculture is only limited to t

20、he supply of food and raw materials, modern agriculture is to expand a single agricultural production function for production, ecology, life and science and education, etc, in addition to have the functions of food security and the raw material supply, modern agriculture has increase farmers' em

21、ployment and income, and promote the function of social harmony and stability, to create and inheriting culture, and the function of protecting the environment, play a technology demonstration, popular science education and meet the people appreciate the natural taste and enjoy the demand of the rur

22、al life.Modern agriculture versatility determines the diversification of modern agricultural development, modern agriculture is not only benefit agriculture and the agricultural market, And green agriculture and leisure sightseeing agriculture, agriculture and ecological agriculture and cycle.二、SEVE

23、RAL PROBLEMS THAT SHOULD BE PAID ATTENTION TO DEVELOP MODERN AGRICULTURE One is to plan as a whole industry development.Agricultural modernization and other industrial modernization is a kind of interdependence, mutual basis of the coordinated development and benign interactive relationship.To pay a

24、ttention to the infiltration and fusion of three times between industry, as a whole industry coordinated development.On the one hand, to develop the industry and services, provide material and technical guarantee for modern agricultural development, build perfect agriculture socialization service sy

25、stem;On the other hand, want to use industrial idea to develop modern agriculture, promote agriculture to the second industry, the extension and expansion of the third industry, realize the integration of agriculture and industry, service industry development, extending agriculture industry chain, o

26、ptimization of agricultural structure. 2 it is to stabilize the basic rural operating system.Enlargement of the scale of operation is the inevitable requirement of modernization of agriculture, China's scattered farmers required by the mode of operation for promoting the construction of modern a

27、gricultural mass production is a very bad condition.To adhere to and consolidate the basis of household contract responsibility system, not at the expense of the land rights and interests of farmers, guide a rational flow of rural land, the implementation of agricultural industrialization actively,

28、realize the moderate scale management and specialized and socialized service. Three is to get the progress of science and technology as the primary driving force.Agricultural science and technology is the basic sign of agricultural modernization, only to promote scientific and technological progress

29、, to achieve the requirements of the modern agriculture high-yield, high-quality, efficient, ecological, security objectives, to improve labor productivity, resource utilization and land productivity, enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of agriculture.Developing modern agriculture, to save wat

30、er and land resources such as agricultural production factors as the core, through the labor intensive and technology intensive, walk in order to improve the agricultural resources use efficiency as the main target of connotative development road Four is to pay attention to the demonstration.Through

31、out the world in different countries the practice of the construction of modern agriculture, which can be roughly divided into three patterns: Labour saving mode represented by America, represented by the European section of the old section complex mode, represented by the Japanese land saving mode.

32、Historical experience shows that agricultural modernization and has no fixed pattern, to adjust measures to local conditions.Regional resources and environment conditions in our country, the agricultural development level and economic and technological level, there are big differences in the process

33、 of modern agriculture construction, should use of regional comparative advantages, strengthen the pilot work, exploring the different economic development level, mode and path of modern agriculture construction in different regions of the world.Five is to pay attention to the ecological environment

34、 protection and construction., the construction of modern agriculture with the excessive development of agricultural resources, vegetation destruction, water pollution, soil erosion, to "reduction, reuse, recycling" for the principle, development of agricultural circular economy, promote a

35、gricultural cleaner production, fully release and highlight the important function of agriculture in the maintenance of the ecological environment.三、 MEASURES AND WAY OF DEVELOPING MODERN AGRICULTURE One is to enhance the level of agricultural industrialization.Insist on development of agricultural

36、industrialization concept, product promotion agriculture with industrialization.Foster agricultural industrialization leading enterprises, support the breadth and depth of guide the enterprise to the industry, spin industry chain, developing agricultural products and its processed products with inde

37、pendent intellectual property rights, improve the added value, cultivate and strengthen a batch of industry correlation, radiating and driving play strong competitiveness, leading enterprises.Strengthening agricultural open work, broaden the horizons, across the country and even around the world to

38、introduce capital, configuration elements, make good use of domestic and foreign two resources and two markets, improve the overall quality and comprehensive competitiveness of agriculture.Promoting agricultural base construction, give full play to the resource, market and technology advantages, gra

39、dually realize the regional distribution of agriculture and large-scale production.Actively promote industry cluster development, surrounding the industry chain of the agricultural industrialization leading enterprises, efforts to introduce upstream and downstream related projects, the development o

40、f related products, take the initiative to introduce similar enterprises cluster development, formed the scale benefits.The second is to foster the construction of modern agriculture talents team.Construction of modern agriculture, the key lies in the cultivation of the talent team, to cultivate a b

41、atch of steadfast capable, innovative team, modern management knowledge of agriculture entrepreneurs, cultivate a batch of industrial requirements of competitive consciousness, service consciousness and cooperation consciousness and modern view and even the world vision, the cadres and cultivate a b

42、atch of have culture, understand technology, will operate a new type of farmers, promoting agricultural industrialization management, industry chain extension.To speed up the talent team construction of modern agriculture, to increase investment in rural cultural undertakings and support, to vigorou

43、sly develop vocational education and new skills training for agriculture;To integrate training resources, take orders, orientation, and other forms to carry out the training;Should promote suggests effective combination and technology services, encourage go down to the basic unit of agricultural sci

44、entific research institutes to carry out practical technical training services.Three is to develop the agricultural circular economy.Adhere to the concept of circular economy through the process of the development of agriculture, promote agricultural virtuous cycle development, maximum limit to use

45、of agricultural resources.According to the "regional layout, specialized production, scale management" principle, give full play to the advantages of regional resources, foster a batch of leading enterprises, speed up the construction of dedicated and characteristic agricultural production

46、 base.To saving resources as the goal, pays special attention to agricultural water, land, save water and fertilizer, energy saving, promoting economical agricultural techniques.To speed up the agricultural biomass industry development and promotion of biogas, promote resource comprehensive utilizat

47、ion of agricultural waste.To pay special attention to the extension of agricultural industrial chain, promote the development of the agricultural products processing to the profound, the formation of planting, breeding, processing and systematic, improve the utilization of all kinds of waste in the

48、process of agricultural products processing.Four is to improve the agricultural social service system.To vigorously develop rural cooperative economic organizations, to strengthen the policy support, perfecting the operating mechanism, lead to improve service quality, expand service areas and active

49、ly support the rural organization for economic cooperation in marketing, information services, technical training, agricultural materials distribution and TongFang rule agricultural productive services;To improve the agricultural technology support system.We need to deepen the reform of agricultural

50、 scientific research system, straighten out the management system of agricultural scientific research, establish a new system of agricultural science and technology, implementation suggests, as a whole, integrated innovation and enhance the independent research and development of agricultural scienc

51、e and technology, cultivating with independent intellectual property rights of scientific and technological achievements, to strengthen the construction of agricultural science and technology popularization system, integration of basic public service system of agricultural resources, promote agricul

52、ture public service ability, improve the agricultural science and technology promotion platform construction, improve the ability of farmers to accept and use of agricultural science and technology;To improve the rural market system.Developing chain management, online trading, e-commerce and other m

53、odern ways of distribution and new circulation industry, cultivate rural brokers, marketing professional and circulation intermediary organizations such as diversified, multi-level market circulation of the subject.Strengthening agricultural products quality and market services, ensure the quality a

54、nd safety of agricultural products.Five is to deepen rural reform.To promote the reform of land circulation system.In ensuring that the rural land contract relations remain stable, voluntary paid in accordance with the flow, on the basis of establishing the land circulation market, take the stock co

55、operation, lease, transfer and other forms to the contracted management of land circulation, lead to intensive development of agricultural production, improve agricultural scale degree.To consummate the system reform on the integration of various kinds of financial funds for supporting agriculture,

56、the integrated use of tax, such as discount and guarantee economic policies to guide private capital to participate in the construction of modern agriculture.We should deepen the reform of the rural finance, and actively explore to establish new rural financial institutions and credit guarantee mech

57、anism, broaden the scope of the rural collateral, promotion of rural small credit loans, to speed up cultivating village Banks and guarantee companies, increase rural financial supply, improve rural financial services.討論、學(xué)習(xí)：全面推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，是“十二五”期間推進(jìn)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的基本途徑。十七屆五中全會通過的“十二五”規(guī)劃建議明確要求，在

58、工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化深入發(fā)展中同步推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，是“十二五”期間的一項重大任務(wù)。發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的基本途徑，也是強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)產(chǎn)業(yè)支撐的重要舉措。一、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的內(nèi)涵和特征    農(nóng)業(yè)是人類社會中最早出現(xiàn)的產(chǎn)業(yè)，從農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的歷史階段來看，農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展大致經(jīng)歷了原始農(nóng)業(yè)、古代農(nóng)業(yè)、近代農(nóng)業(yè)、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)四個階段。    （一）現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的內(nèi)涵    現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的一個重要階段，是相對于傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)而言的“高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、生態(tài)、安全”的農(nóng)業(yè)形態(tài)，是一種以市場為導(dǎo)向的技術(shù)密集型的發(fā)達(dá)農(nóng)業(yè)。現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)就是運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代發(fā)

59、展理念，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)，現(xiàn)代物質(zhì)條件，現(xiàn)代經(jīng)營形式和管理方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的貿(mào)工農(nóng)緊密銜接、產(chǎn)加銷一體化的多功能、符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系。建設(shè)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的過程，就是用現(xiàn)代科技改造傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)、不斷提高農(nóng)業(yè)綜合競爭力的過程，就是轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式、不斷提高農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力的過程。    （二）現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的特征    與傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)相比，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)具有以下幾方面的基本特征：    1.科學(xué)化。傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)主要依賴資源的投入，而現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)則主要依賴科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步與創(chuàng)新?，F(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的先導(dǎo)和原動力，不斷推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)向更高的層次邁進(jìn)?，F(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)

60、展過程，實(shí)質(zhì)上是在農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的各個環(huán)節(jié)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)，改造傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)，轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式的過程，是用現(xiàn)代科技知識培養(yǎng)造就新型農(nóng)民的過程。    2.市場化。傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)主要以自給自足為目的，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)主要是為了滿足市場的需要，為市場提供豐富多樣的商品，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的商品率很高?，F(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)堅持以市場需求為導(dǎo)向，市場機(jī)制對農(nóng)業(yè)資源配置起主導(dǎo)作用，是推動傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)向現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變的動力源泉。    3.產(chǎn)業(yè)化。傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)是以土地為基本生產(chǎn)資料。以農(nóng)戶為基本生產(chǎn)單元的小生產(chǎn)，僅僅局限于種植業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)等生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)?，F(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)則打破了傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)主要從事初級農(nóng)產(chǎn)品原料生產(chǎn)、產(chǎn)業(yè)脫節(jié)的局限性，走出了生產(chǎn)、加工、銷售和社會服務(wù)一體的產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營道路，實(shí)現(xiàn)了一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)互動，形成了一個與發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)、為發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)服務(wù)的產(chǎn)業(yè)群體。在現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)中，分散經(jīng)營的農(nóng)戶有效地組織起來，提高了農(nóng)民組織化程度。    4.集約化。傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)主要依賴