傳熱學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、Chapter 1 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer主要內(nèi)容1.     Concepts: heat (thermal energy)、heat transfer、thermodynamics、total amount of heat transfer、heat transfer rate、heat flux、conduction、convection、radiation 2.     Equations:1) The first law of thermodynamic

2、s (conservation of energy principle)2) Heat balance equation: a) closed system; b) open system (steady-flow)3) Fouriers law of heat conduction4) Newtons law of cooling5) Stefan-Boltzmann law 主要專業(yè)詞匯heat transfer 傳熱、熱傳遞、傳熱學(xué) thermodynamics熱力學(xué)caloric 熱素 specific heat 比熱 mass flow rate 質(zhì)量流率latent he

3、at 潛熱 sensible heat 顯熱 heat flux熱流密度heat transfer rate熱流量total amount of heat transfer總熱量 conduction導(dǎo)熱 convection對流 radiation輻射thermal conductivity 熱導(dǎo)率 thermal diffusivity 熱擴(kuò)散率convection/combined heat transfer coefficient 對流/綜合換熱系數(shù)emissivity 發(fā)射率 absorptivity 吸收率simultaneous heat transfer 復(fù)合換熱Chapter

4、 2 Heat Conduction Equation主要內(nèi)容1.     Concepts: temperature field、temperature gradient、heat generation、initial condition、boundary condition、steadytransient heat transfer、uniformnonuniform temperature distribution 2.     Equations:1) Fouriers law of heat c

5、onduction (§2-1) 2) Heat conduction equation (in rectangularcylindricalspherical coordinates) (§2-2、§2-3)3) Boundary conditions: (§2-4)a)    Specified temperature B. C. b) Specified heat flux B. C. special case(dt/dx=0): insulation、thermal symmetry; c) Convection B

6、.C. d) Radiation B.C.e) Interface B.C. 4) Average thermal conductivity kave (§2-7)5) Solution of one-dimensional, steady heat conduction in plane walls、cylinders and spheres (k =const)：a) no heat generation, specified B.C.: T(x) or T(r) (§2-5) Q(x) or Q(r), Q=constb) with heat generation,

7、Specified B.C. or Convection B.C. : (§2-6)    Tmax=To-Ts= gs2/2nk ; q(x)=gx/n; Ts=T¥+ gs/nhcharacteristic length S, shape factor n:plane walls s = L (half thickness), n = 1cylinders s = ro, n = 2spheres s = ro, n =3 3.     Methods: Solve a heat trans

8、fer problem1) Mathematical formulation (differential equation & B.C.)2) General solution of equation3) Application of B.C.s4) Unique solution of the problem 主要專業(yè)詞匯temperature fielddistribution溫度場分布 temperature gradient溫度梯度heat generation熱生成(熱源) initialboundary condition初始邊界條件transient heat

9、transfer瞬態(tài)(非穩(wěn)態(tài))傳熱 isothermal surface 等溫面Heat conduction differential equation 導(dǎo)熱微分方程trial and error method試算法 iterate迭代 convergence 收斂Chapter 3 Steady Heat Conduction主要內(nèi)容1.     Concepts: multilayercomposite wall overall heat transfer coefficient Uthermal resistance Rt thermal con

10、tact resistance Rc critical radius of insulation Rcrfin efficiency fin effectiveness 2.     Equations:ü         Multiplayer plane wall、cylinders and spheres: ü         Fin: fin equation

11、refer to the attachment. 1) Uniform cross-section: refer to the attachment.2) Varying cross-section:  refer to the attachment. 主要專業(yè)詞匯thermal resistance熱阻 parallel 并聯(lián) in series串聯(lián)thermal contact resistance 接觸熱阻 composite wall 復(fù)合壁面thermal grease 熱脂 cross-section 橫截面 temperature execess 過

12、余溫度hyperbolic 雙曲線的 exponent 指數(shù)fin 肋(翅)片 fin base 肋基 fin tip 肋端fin efficiency 肋效率 fin effectiveness 肋片有效度Chapter 4 Transient Heat Conduction 主要內(nèi)容1.     Concepts: lumped system analysis characteristic length (Lc=V/A)Biot number (Bi=hLc /k) Fourier number ( = at/L)  &

13、#160;2.     Equations: l        Bi0, lumped system analysis (§4-1) l        Bi>0, Heisler/Grober charts OR analytical expressionsü         

14、60;  1-D：a) infinite large plane walls, long cylinders and spheres (§4-2)    b) semi-infinite solids (§4-3)ü            multidimensional: product solution (§4-4)  主要專業(yè)詞匯lumped system analysis 集總參

15、數(shù)法 characteristic length 特征長度（尺寸）dimension 量綱 nondimensionalize 無量綱化 dimensionless quantity 無量綱量semi-infinite solid 半無限大固體 complementary error function 誤差余函數(shù)series 級數(shù) production solution 乘積解Chapter 5 Numerical Methods in Heat Conduction 主要內(nèi)容1.     Concepts: control volume (e

16、nergy balance) method、 finite difference method、discretization、 node、space step、time step、mesh Biot number、mesh Fourier number、mirror image concept、explicit/implicit method、stability criterion (primary coefficients ³0) Numerical error: 1) discretization/truncation error; 2) round-off error 

17、;2.     Methods:Numerical solution:1) Discretization in space and time (Dx, Dt);2) Build all nodes finite difference formulations (including interior and boundary nodes);                  &#

18、160;                                            i.    Finite differenc

19、e method                                                

20、0;            ii.    Energy balance method (i.e. Control Volume method)3) Solution of nodal difference eqs. of heat conduction; i.           Direct method: Gaussian Eliminationii.&

21、#160;        Iterative method: Gauss-Seidel iteration 主要專業(yè)詞匯control volume 控制容積 finite difference有限差分 Taylor series expression泰勒級數(shù)展開式mirror image concept 鏡像法 Elimination method 消元法direct/iterative method 直接/迭代方法 explicit/implicit method 顯式/隱式格式stability criter

22、ion 穩(wěn)定性條件 primary coefficients 主系數(shù) unconditionally 無條件地 algebraic eq. 代數(shù)方程discretization/truncation error 離散/截斷誤差 round-off error 舍入誤差Chapter 6、7 Forced Convection and Natural Convection 主要內(nèi)容1.     Concepts: Nu、Re、Gr、PrForce/natural convection、external/internal flow、velocity

23、/thermal boundary layerflow regimes、laminar/turbulent flowhydrodynamic/thermal entry region、fully developed regionCritical Reynolds Number (Rec)、hydraulic diameter (Dh)、film temperature (Tf)、bulk mean fluid temperature (Tb) logarithmic mean temperature difference ( DTln)volume expansion coefficient

24、( = 1/T)effective thermal conductivity (Keff = KNu) 2.     Equations:Drag force ：FD = CfAV2/2Heat transfer rate：Q = hA(Ts-T¥) 3Typical Convection Phenomena:1) Forced convection： external flowflow over flat plates (§6-4)       

25、;                    flow across cylinders and spheres (§6-5)                       &

26、#160;               internal flowflow in tubes (§6-6)2) Natural convection： flow over surfaces (§7-2)                    

27、;             flow inside enclosures (§7-3) 主要專業(yè)詞匯Force/natural convection 自然/強制對流 laminar/turbulent flow 層/湍流boundary layer 邊界層 laminar sublayer 層流底層 buffer layer 緩沖層 transition region 過渡區(qū) flow regimes 流態(tài)inertia/viscous forc

28、e 慣性/粘性力 shear stress 剪切應(yīng)力 friction/drag coefficient 摩擦/阻力系數(shù) friction factor 摩擦因子dynamic/kinematic viscous 動力/運動粘度wake 尾流 stagnation point 滯止點 flow separation 流體分離vortex 漩渦 rotational motion 環(huán)流 velocity fluctuation 速度脈動hydrodynamic 水動力學(xué)的 hydraulic diameter 水力直徑fully developed region 充分發(fā)展段 volume flo

29、w rate 體積流量arithmetic/logarithmic mean temperature difference 算術(shù)/對數(shù)平均溫差volume expansion coefficient 體積膨脹系數(shù)interferometer 干涉儀 asymptotic漸近線的effective thermal conductivity 有效熱導(dǎo)率analogical method 類比法 integral approach 積分近似法order of magnitude analysis 數(shù)量級分析法 similarity principle 相似原理Chapter 9 Radiation

30、Heat Transfer 主要內(nèi)容1.     Concepts: black body、gray body、diffuse surface、emissive power (E)emissivity ()、absorptivity ()、reflectivity ()、transmissivity ()irradiation(G)、radiosity(J)、reradiating(adiabatic) surfaceview factor (Fij)、radiation network、space resistance、surface res

31、istanceradiation shieldgas radiation、transparent medium to radiation、absorbing and transmitting medium 2.     Laws:Blackbody： (1) Planks law(2) Stefan-Boltzmanns law(3) Wiens displacement lawGraybody： (4) Kirchhoffs lawActual body： E (T) = Eb(T) = T4 W/m2Gas： (5) Beers law&#

32、160;3Calculation:1) View factor：reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rulecrossed-strings method2) Radiation heat transfer：Radiation networkOpen system： between two surface (e.g. two large parallel plates)Enclosure： 2-surface enclosure；3-surface enclosureRadiation shield 主要專業(yè)詞匯thermal ra

33、diation熱輻射、quantum theory量子理論、index of refraction 折射系數(shù)electromagnetic wave/spectrum 電磁波/波譜、ultraviolet (UV) rays紫外線、infrared (IR) rays 紅外線absorptivity 吸收率、reflectivity 反射率、transmissivity 透射率、emissivity () 發(fā)射率(黑度)、specular/diffuse reflection 鏡反射/漫反射irradiation (incident radiation) 投入輻射、radiosity 有效輻射

34、spectral/directional/total emissive power單色/定向/總 輻射力fraction of radiation energy 輻射能量份額(輻射比)、blackbody radiation function 黑體輻射函數(shù)view factor 輻射角系數(shù)、crossed-strings method交叉線法、reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rule相互/完整/和分/對稱性net radiation heat transfer 凈輻射熱流量radiation network 輻射網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖、space/surface radiation resistance 空間/表面輻射熱阻、reradiating surface重輻射面、adiabatic 絕熱的radiation shield遮熱板transparent medium to radiation輻射透熱體、absorbing and transmitting medium吸收-透過性介質(zhì)Chapter 10 Heat Exchangers 主要內(nèi)容1.     Con