系統(tǒng)解剖學教學資料四肢肌

1、陳秀英陳秀英department of anatomychapter 3 the muscles of limbs 掌握掌握：上肢淺層肌肉（三角肌、小圓肌、大圓肌、：上肢淺層肌肉（三角肌、小圓肌、大圓肌、 岡上、下肌、肱二頭肌、肱三頭肌、臂肌及前臂?。?、下肌、肱二頭肌、肱三頭肌、臂肌及前臂?。┑拿Q、分群及作用。的名稱、分群及作用。掌握掌握：下肢淺層肌肉（髂腰肌、臀大肌、梨狀肌、：下肢淺層肌肉（髂腰肌、臀大肌、梨狀肌、縫匠肌、股四頭肌、長收肌、股二頭肌、半腱肌、縫匠肌、股四頭肌、長收肌、股二頭肌、半腱肌、半膜?。┑拿Q、分群及作用。半膜?。┑拿Q、分群及作用。 了解：足背及足底肌的位置、分

2、群和功能。了解：足背及足底肌的位置、分群和功能。【目的與要求目的與要求】the muscles of upper limb according to their locations, the muscles of upper limb are divisible into: the muscles of shoulder 上肢帶肌上肢帶肌the muscles of arm 臂肌臂肌the muscles of forearm 前臂肌前臂肌the muscles of hand 手肌手肌ndeltoid 三角肌三角肌nsupraspinatus 岡上肌岡上肌ninfraspinatus 岡下肌

3、岡下肌nteres minor 小圓肌小圓肌nteres major 大圓肌大圓肌nsubscapularis 肩胛下肌肩胛下肌 deltoid 三角肌三角肌norigin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapulaninsertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus naction: abducts the arm，anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rota

4、te arm（外展肩關(guān)節(jié)外展肩關(guān)節(jié)） 預防針注射部位預防針注射部位三角胸肌間溝三角胸肌間溝 “頭靜脈頭靜脈” 腋神經(jīng)損傷，三角肌腋神經(jīng)損傷，三角肌癱瘓，導致癱瘓，導致“方肩方肩”畸畸形形norigin: dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapulaninsertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerusnaction: medially rotates and adducts arm（旋（旋內(nèi)和內(nèi)收）內(nèi)和內(nèi)收）teres major 大圓肌大圓肌“ 肌腱袖肌腱袖”the muscles of armnanterer

5、ior groupqbiceps brachii 肱二頭肌肱二頭肌qcoracobrachialis 喙肱肌喙肱肌qbrachialis 肱肌肱肌nposterior group triceps brachii 肱三頭肌肱三頭肌 origin: long head, supraglenoid tubercle; short head, coracoid process insertion: radial tuberosity action: flexor of elbow joint （屈肘）（屈肘）triceps brachii 肱三頭肌肱三頭肌 origin: long head, inf

6、raglenoid tubercle; lateral head, above groove for radical n ; medial head, below groove for radical n.insertion: olecranon of ulnaaction: extends elbow joint （伸肘）（伸肘） trilateral foramen三邊孔三邊孔 旋肩胛旋肩胛a a quadrilateral foramen 四邊孔四邊孔腋腋n n、旋肱后、旋肱后a ansuperficial layer 從從橈側(cè)橈側(cè)到到尺側(cè)尺側(cè)qbrachioradialis 肱橈肌肱橈

7、肌qpronator teres 旋前圓肌旋前圓肌qflexor carpi radialis 橈側(cè)腕屈肌橈側(cè)腕屈肌qpalmaris longus 掌長肌掌長肌qflexor carpi ulnaris 尺側(cè)腕屈尺側(cè)腕屈 (屈肘、旋前、屈腕、腕內(nèi)收及外展）屈肘、旋前、屈腕、腕內(nèi)收及外展）anterior group (9)anterior group (9)nsecond layer flexor digitorum superficials 指淺屈肌指淺屈肌nthird layerqflexor pollicis longus 拇長屈肌拇長屈肌qflexor digitorum profu

8、ndus 指深屈肌指深屈肌nfourth layer pronator quadratus 旋前方肌旋前方肌naction: flex elbow joint, radiocarpal joint and fingers, pronate forearm（屈肘、屈腕、屈指；前（屈肘、屈腕、屈指；前臂旋前）臂旋前）nposterior group (10)nsuperficial layer (5)qextensor carpi radialis longus 橈側(cè)腕長伸肌橈側(cè)腕長伸肌qextensor carpi radialis brevis 橈側(cè)腕短伸肌橈側(cè)腕短伸肌qextensor di

9、gitorum 指伸肌指伸肌qextensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌小指伸肌qextensor carpi ulnaris 尺側(cè)腕伸肌尺側(cè)腕伸?。ㄉ焱?、伸指、腕外展及內(nèi)收）（伸腕、伸指、腕外展及內(nèi)收）ndeep layer (5)nsupinator旋后肌旋后肌nabductor pollicis longus 拇長展肌拇長展肌nextensor pollicis brevis 拇短伸肌拇短伸肌nextensor pollicis longus 拇長伸肌拇長伸肌nextensor indicis 示指伸肌示指伸肌naction: extend radiocapral joint

10、 and fingers, and supinate forearm ( (展、伸拇指、伸示指、前臂旋后）展、伸拇指、伸示指、前臂旋后）nlateral groupthenar 魚際魚際qabductor pollicis brevis 拇短展肌拇短展肌qflexor pollicis brevis 拇短屈肌拇短屈肌qopponens pollicis 拇對掌肌拇對掌肌qadductor pollicis 拇收肌拇收肌naction: flex, abduct, adduct and oppose thumb( (拇指的屈、拇指的屈、展、收和對掌）展、收和對掌）nmedial grouphyp

11、othenar (小魚際小魚際）qabductor digiti minimi 小指展肌小指展肌qflexor digiti minimi brevis小指短屈肌小指短屈肌qopponens digiti minimi 小指對掌肌小指對掌肌naction: flex, abduct , and oppose little finger（小指的屈、展和對掌小指的屈、展和對掌）nintermedial groupnlumbricales 蚓狀肌蚓狀肌(4)flex fingers at mp joints; extend fingers at ip jointsnpalmar interossei

12、 骨間掌側(cè)肌骨間掌側(cè)肌(3) adduct fingers towards middle finger at mp jointsndorsal interossei 骨間背側(cè)肌骨間背側(cè)肌(3)abduct fingers away from middle finger at mp joints muscles of lower limb the lower limbs are used chiefly for the support and propulsion of the body, so that the muscles are brawny and strong but small i

13、n number. the muscles of lower limb are divided into: muscles of hip 髖肌髖肌 muscles of thigh 大腿肌大腿肌 muscles of leg 小腿肌小腿肌muscles of foot 足肌足肌nanterior group(2)qiliopsoas 髂腰肌髂腰肌niliacus 髂肌髂肌npsoas major 腰大肌腰大肌tensor fasciae latae 闊筋膜張肌闊筋膜張肌 “髂脛束髂脛束”muscles of hipiliopsoas 髂腰肌髂腰肌origin: psoas major: tra

14、nsverse processes and lateral surface of bodies of lumbar vertebrae iliacus: iliac fossainsertion: lesser trochanter of femuraction: flexes thigh at the hip joint（屈髖）（屈髖）posterior group(7):ngluteus maximus 臀大肌臀大肌ngluteus medius 臀中肌臀中肌ngluteus minimus 臀小肌臀小肌npiriformis 梨狀肌梨狀肌nobturator internus 閉孔內(nèi)肌閉

15、孔內(nèi)肌nobturator externus 閉孔外肌閉孔外肌nquadratus femoris 股方肌股方肌gluteus maximus 臀大肌臀大肌norigin: gluteal surface of ilium and dorsal aspect of sacrumninsertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tractnaction: extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; raises trunk when the lower limb is fixed

16、（髖關(guān)節(jié)伸和外旋）（髖關(guān)節(jié)伸和外旋）是維持人體直立的重要肌肉是維持人體直立的重要肌肉piriformis 梨狀肌梨狀肌norigin: anterior surface of sacrumninsertion: greater trochanter of femurndivided the greater sciatic foramen into suprapiriform foramen （梨狀肌上孔梨狀肌上孔 ）and infrapiriform foramen （梨狀梨狀肌下孔肌下孔）naction: rotates thigh laterally at hip joint（髖關(guān)節(jié)外旋）

17、（髖關(guān)節(jié)外旋）nanterior groupnsartorius 縫匠肌縫匠肌nquadricep 股四頭肌股四頭肌qrectus femoris 股直肌股直肌qvastus medialis 股內(nèi)側(cè)肌股內(nèi)側(cè)肌qvastus lateralis 股外側(cè)肌股外側(cè)肌qvastus intermedius 股中間肌股中間肌muscles of thighsartorius 縫匠肌縫匠肌norigin: anterior superior iliac spineninsertion: upper medial surface of tibianaction: flexes hip and knee j

18、oints （屈髖、屈膝）（屈髖、屈膝）是全身最長的肌肉是全身最長的肌肉quadriceps femoris 股四頭肌股四頭肌norigin: qrectus femoris: anterior inferior iliac spineqvastus medialis: medial lip of linea asperaqvastus lateralis: lateral lip of linea asperaqvastus intermedius: anterior surface of femurninsertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar lig

19、amentnaction: flexes hip and extend knee joint ( (屈髖、伸膝）屈髖、伸膝）是全身最大的肌肉是全身最大的肌肉nmedial groupn pectineus 恥骨肌恥骨肌n adductor longus 長收肌長收肌n adductor brevis 短收肌短收肌n adductor magnus 大收肌大收肌n gracilis 股薄肌股薄肌nadduct thigh at hip joint （髖關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)收）（髖關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)收）“長、短、大長、短、大”nposterior groupnbiceps femoris 股二頭肌股二頭肌nsemitend

20、inosus 半腱肌半腱肌 nsemimembranosus 半膜肌半膜肌 naction flex the leg at knee joint and extend the thigh at hip joint （屈膝、伸髖）（屈膝、伸髖） the muscles of legnanterior groupntibialis anterior 脛骨前肌脛骨前肌（伸踝、足內(nèi)翻伸踝、足內(nèi)翻）nextensor hallucis longus 母長伸?。搁L伸?。ㄉ祯?、伸伸踝、伸母趾）母趾）nextensor digitorum longus 趾長伸?。ㄖ洪L伸?。ㄉ祯住⑸斓谏祯?、伸第2-52-5趾趾）nlateral groupnperoneus longus 腓骨長肌腓骨長肌 nperoneus brevis 腓骨短肌腓骨短肌 nplantarflex and evert the foot （足跖屈、外翻（足跖屈、外翻) )nposterior group nsuperficial layertriceps surae 小腿三頭肌小腿三頭肌origin:gastrocnemius: me