ANSYS課程論文

1、研 究 生 課 程 論 文(2013-2014學(xué)年第一學(xué)期)臥式蒸汽減溫器有限元分析研究生： 程興提交日期： 2014年2月10日 研究生簽名： 學(xué) 號(hào)201321002784學(xué) 院機(jī)械與汽車工程學(xué)院課程編號(hào)S0807060課程名稱過(guò)程裝備系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)仿真技術(shù)學(xué)位類別工程碩士任課教師郭崇志 老師教師評(píng)語(yǔ)：成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定： 分 任課教師簽名： 年 月 日臥式蒸汽減溫器有限元分析摘要：本文利用有限元軟件ANSYS建立了臥式蒸汽減溫器的有限元模型，并對(duì)其在加壓狀態(tài)下的整體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行靜力分析，得到不同部位的變形趨勢(shì)、位移大小、應(yīng)力分布，通過(guò)對(duì)比分析得到受力和變形最大的部位，對(duì)工廠的安全生產(chǎn)具有重要的指導(dǎo)作用。關(guān)鍵

2、詞：減溫器；ANSYS；應(yīng)力分析；路徑 Abstract：This paper, by using finite element software ANSYS to establish the finite element model of Horizontal Steam Desuperheater，then launch the static analysis to its overall structure in the condition of pressure, so as to get the deformation trend, displacement, stress dist

3、ribution in different part. Through the comparative analysis to find the location which has the biggest force or deformation .This has a great guiding role for the safe production of the factory.Keywords : Desuperheater ；ANSYS ；Stress analysis ；Path前言：蒸汽減溫器是節(jié)能工程普遍采用的一種設(shè)備，該設(shè)備由減溫水霧化裝置與組合式汽化單元兩大部分組成，霧化

4、噴嘴對(duì)減溫水進(jìn)行壓力霧化，分散于高溫蒸汽汽流中，組合式汽化單元進(jìn)一步對(duì)霧化減溫水強(qiáng)制性旋轉(zhuǎn)、剪切破碎，并在汽化單元內(nèi)件表面被吸熱汽化，顯著強(qiáng)化了汽化過(guò)程，達(dá)到高溫蒸汽的減溫。1.創(chuàng)建模型1.1建立GUI分析環(huán)境1.1.1設(shè)置工作文件名。單擊Utility Menu/file/change Jobname，彈出對(duì)話框，設(shè)置工作文件名為Pingban Stress Analysis，在New log and error file中選yes，同進(jìn)點(diǎn)擊OK，則工作文件名顯示在上方。1.1.2建立工作標(biāo)題。單擊File/change title，彈出對(duì)話框，輸入標(biāo)題Pingban Stress Anal

5、ysis。設(shè)置后，工作標(biāo)題將在“圖形輸出窗口”上顯示。1.2創(chuàng)建減溫器的筒體執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder創(chuàng)建隔板MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solid Cylinder移動(dòng)WP，在筒體右端再做一個(gè)相同的隔板WP>Offset WP by IncrementsMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>V

6、olumes>Cylinder>Solid Cylinder向右移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WP ，在右側(cè)創(chuàng)建封頭WP>Offset WP by IncrementsMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Sphere>By Dimensions同理，向左移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WP ，在左側(cè)創(chuàng)建封頭1.3創(chuàng)建閥門及附件移動(dòng)WPWP>Offset WP to>Global OriginWP>Offset WP by Increments. 創(chuàng)建閥門K4先創(chuàng)建空心圓柱MM>Preprocessor>Mod

7、eling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder將圓柱體與筒體進(jìn)行搭接MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Overlap選中將要搭接的兩個(gè)體，點(diǎn)擊OK然后將多余的部分刪除MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Delete得到所需圖形如下移動(dòng)WPWP>Offset WP by Increments.創(chuàng)建錐臺(tái)MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Co

8、ne>By Dimensions在椎體中間再創(chuàng)建個(gè)半徑為20的實(shí)心圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solid Cylinder 減去該圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Subtract>Volumes先選被減體，再選減體移動(dòng)WPWP>Offset WP by Increments創(chuàng)建圓盤MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volume

9、s>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder再創(chuàng)建三個(gè)空心圓盤如圖所示在兩個(gè)大圓盤上打孔移動(dòng)WPWP>Offset WP by Increments做輔助塊體1MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solid Cylinder移動(dòng)WPWP>Offset WP by Increments 做類似于輔助塊體1做輔助塊體2MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solid Cyli

10、nder移動(dòng)WPWP>Offset WP by Increments旋轉(zhuǎn)WPWP>Offset WP by Increments移動(dòng)WPWP>Offset WP by Increments類似于輔助塊體1和2做輔助塊體3MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solid Cylinder移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WP 關(guān)于Y-Z面鏡像輔助塊體1、2、3MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Reflect>Volumes選中被鏡像的輔助塊體1、2、3，再選擇鏡像平面

11、，得到如下圖形將坐標(biāo)系轉(zhuǎn)換為柱坐標(biāo)系Workplane>Change Active CS to>Global CylindricalLocal Coordinate Systems>Crate Local CS>At WP Origin>復(fù)制輔助模塊MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Copy>Volumes>選擇輔助模塊1>Apply>如下圖所示，在DY框輸入-45結(jié)果如圖所示以此類推，復(fù)制出另外兩個(gè)輔助模塊，如圖減去這8個(gè)輔助塊體先把這8個(gè)輔助塊體及兩個(gè)圓盤搭接在一起MM>Preprocessor&

12、gt;Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Overlap>選擇8個(gè)輔助塊體及兩個(gè)圓盤MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Delete>Volume and Below>選擇8個(gè)輔助塊體>Apply結(jié)果如圖所示創(chuàng)建K2a和K2b將WP移動(dòng)到原點(diǎn)WP.>Offset WP to>Global Origin移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WPWP>Offset WP by Increments.創(chuàng)建圓柱MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cy

13、linder>Hollow Cylinder按創(chuàng)建K4的方法創(chuàng)建錐臺(tái)和四個(gè)圓盤，并打八個(gè)小孔，既得K2b結(jié)果如圖所示關(guān)于X-Z平面鏡像K2b得到K2aMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Reflect>Volumes，選中被鏡像的K2b，再選擇鏡像平面，得到如下圖形創(chuàng)建閥門S1移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WP 先創(chuàng)建圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder將圓柱體與筒體進(jìn)行搭接MM>Preprocessor>Modeling&g

14、t;Operate>Booleans>Overlap然后將多余的部分刪除MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Delete得到所需圖形如下仿照閥門K4的做法創(chuàng)建空心圓錐臺(tái)，MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cone>By Dimensions在椎體中間再創(chuàng)建個(gè)半徑為20的實(shí)心圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solid Cylinder 將該實(shí)心圓柱體與圓錐臺(tái)搭接后，

15、減去該圓柱體，結(jié)果如圖所示：在圓錐臺(tái)上創(chuàng)建一空心薄板MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder在該空心薄板上仿照剛才創(chuàng)建的圓錐臺(tái)再創(chuàng)建一薄空心圓錐臺(tái)，如圖在圓板上打8個(gè)孔在S1與筒體連接處構(gòu)建一個(gè)加強(qiáng)圈移動(dòng)WP創(chuàng)建一個(gè)空心圓錐臺(tái)MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cone>By Dimensions然后，將該加強(qiáng)圈與筒體搭接，并刪除多余的部分MM>Preprocessor>Model

16、ing>Operate>Booleans>Overlap，MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Delete結(jié)果如圖所示以此類推，可做出閥門K14,K16,P1b,P1a,P5,S2和P2，其中，P2和P5需要畫(huà)加強(qiáng)圈。結(jié)果如圖所示：做大閥門P3將WP移動(dòng)到原點(diǎn)WP.>Offset WP to>Global Origin移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WP 做空心圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder做加強(qiáng)圈MM>Pre

17、processor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cone>By Dimensions將圓柱體、加強(qiáng)圈與筒體進(jìn)行搭接MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Overlap選中將要搭接的三個(gè)體，點(diǎn)擊OK先拆分MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Partition>然后將多余的部分刪除MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Delete得到所需圖形如下移動(dòng)WP建圓板M

18、M>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder移動(dòng)WP建兩個(gè)空心圓錐臺(tái)MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cone>By Dimensions移動(dòng)WP，再創(chuàng)建一個(gè)圓錐臺(tái)在圓錐臺(tái)上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)實(shí)心圓柱體移動(dòng)WPMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solid Cylinder將該圓柱體與圓錐臺(tái)搭接，MM>P

19、reprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Overlap選中將要搭接的兩個(gè)體，點(diǎn)擊OK然后刪除該圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Delete在圓錐臺(tái)上再創(chuàng)建一個(gè)圓盤移動(dòng)WPMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder在該圓盤上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)圓柱體移動(dòng)WPMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>

20、;Hollow Cylinder移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WP 在圓柱體上做半球型體封蓋MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Sphere>By Dimensions旋轉(zhuǎn)WP做空心圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder將圓柱體與球體搭接，并刪去多余的部分MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Overlap選中將要搭接的兩個(gè)體，點(diǎn)

21、擊OK先將球體拆分MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Partition>然后將圓柱體和球體多余的部分刪除MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Delete得到所需圖形如下移動(dòng)WP創(chuàng)建圓錐臺(tái)MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cone>By Dimensions做實(shí)心圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>

22、;Solid Cylinder將該圓柱體與圓錐臺(tái)搭接后，刪去該圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Overlap選中將要搭接的兩個(gè)體，點(diǎn)擊OK刪除該圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Delete做一空心圓盤移動(dòng)WPMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder做圓錐臺(tái)移動(dòng)WPMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create&

23、gt;Volumes>Cone>By Dimensions做實(shí)心圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solid Cylinder將該圓柱體與圓錐臺(tái)搭接后，刪去該圓柱體，結(jié)果如圖所示仿照上面所作，在大閥門P3的三個(gè)圓盤上分別打八個(gè)孔后得接下來(lái)創(chuàng)建左前方的大閥門及其相連接的管道將WP移動(dòng)到原點(diǎn)WP.>Offset WP to>Global Origin移動(dòng)WPWP>Offset WP by Increments.畫(huà)空心圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>

24、;Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder將該圓柱體與桶壁搭接后刪除圓柱體內(nèi)的桶壁部分做圓錐臺(tái)移動(dòng)WPMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cone>By Dimensions做實(shí)心圓柱體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solid Cylinder將該圓柱體與圓錐臺(tái)搭接后，刪去該圓柱體，結(jié)果如圖所示在該空心圓錐臺(tái)上建立一個(gè)空心圓盤移動(dòng)WP

25、MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder在該圓盤上再建立一個(gè)空心圓錐臺(tái)移動(dòng)WPMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cone>By Dimensions做半徑為84的圓柱體并挖去該圓柱體后得在大圓盤上打八個(gè)小孔，結(jié)果如圖所示1.4創(chuàng)建內(nèi)部管道先利用面沿線拉伸法創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)連續(xù)彎管移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WP MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Lines>

26、Arcs>By Cent & Radius>依次輸入：得如下圖形其中右上部分的1/4圓即為面拉伸時(shí)所沿的路徑執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Extrude>Along Lines>依次選擇拉伸平面及路徑，如圖所示：拉伸后效果圖 以線條形式顯示移動(dòng)WP執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Lines>Arcs>By Cent & Radius>依次輸入：得如下圖形其中左下1/4即為面要拉伸的軌跡執(zhí)行MM>Preproc

27、essor>Modeling>Operate>Extrude>Along Lines>依次選擇拉伸平面及路徑，如圖所示：得拉伸后效果圖以線條形式顯示線面簡(jiǎn)歷筒體內(nèi)部的長(zhǎng)直管道移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WPMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Hollow Cylinder接下來(lái)利用復(fù)制的方法創(chuàng)建另一個(gè)閥門及與其相連的長(zhǎng)直管道執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Copy>Volumes>選擇要復(fù)制的對(duì)象如圖所示輸入數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果如圖所示接下來(lái)建立

28、兩條長(zhǎng)直管道的支撐架將WP移動(dòng)到原點(diǎn)WP>Offset WP to>Global Origin移動(dòng)WPWP>Offset WP by Increments.執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Solid Cylinder用WP面切割體法做出內(nèi)部長(zhǎng)直管道的支架移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WPMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Divide>Volu By WrkPlane>選擇要切割的面>Apply&

29、gt;Delete上半部分，結(jié)果如圖所示移動(dòng)WP執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Divide>Volu By WrkPlane>選擇要切割的面>Apply 移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WP執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Divide>Volu By WrkPlane>選擇要切割的面>Apply移動(dòng)WP執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Boolean

30、s>Divide>Volu By WrkPlane>選擇要切割的面>Apply>移動(dòng)WP執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Divide>Volu By WrkPlane>選擇要切割的面>Apply>移動(dòng)WP執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Divide>Volu By WrkPlane>選擇要切割的面>Apply>執(zhí)行MM>Preprocesso

31、r>Modeling>Delete>Volume and Below>選擇要?jiǎng)h除的體>Apply>接下來(lái)將管道打通執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Overlap選中將要搭接的三個(gè)體，點(diǎn)擊OK然后將支架內(nèi)的實(shí)心部分刪除MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Delete得到所需圖形如下下面利用復(fù)制的方法在管道后半部建立一個(gè)相同的支架執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Copy>Volumes>選擇要復(fù)

32、制的對(duì)象如圖所示>Apply>結(jié)果如圖所示1.5建立減溫器的底座將WP移動(dòng)到原點(diǎn)WP.>Offset WP to>Global Origin移動(dòng)并旋轉(zhuǎn)WPWP>Offset WP by Increments.輸入MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Cylinder>Partial Cylinder移動(dòng)WP創(chuàng)建塊體MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Block>By Dimensions將該塊體與其上面的部分

33、搭接后，再刪除該塊體在桶壁內(nèi)部的部分執(zhí)行MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Overlap鏡像該塊體到相對(duì)側(cè)MM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Reflect>Volumes，選中被鏡像的底座，再選擇鏡像平面，得到如下圖形畫(huà)前板移動(dòng)WPMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Volumes>Block>By Dimensions移動(dòng)WPMM>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>

34、;Volumes>Block>By Dimensions然后將整個(gè)底座搭接在一起并刪去多余的部分利用同樣的方法可以在右側(cè)再創(chuàng)建一個(gè)底座，結(jié)果如圖所示：至此，建模工作全部完成。2.建立有限元模型2.1確定單元類型（1）單擊Main Menu>Preference>Structural，單擊OK。（2）單擊Main Menu>Preprocessor>Element Type>Add/Edit/Delete彈出Element Types對(duì)話框，單擊Add，彈出Library of Element Types對(duì)話框。2.2定義材料屬性單擊Main Menu&

35、gt;Preprocessor>Material Props>Material Models，彈出Define Material Model Behavior窗口，點(diǎn)擊Structural>Linear>Elastic>Isotropic，彈出材料特性對(duì)話框，輸入設(shè)計(jì)變量EX,PRXY,單擊OK。再單擊Structural>density，輸入Dens，單擊OK。2.3劃分網(wǎng)格單擊Main Menu/Preprocessor/Meshing/MeshTool>Size Controls/Gobal / Set，將精度調(diào)到5級(jí)，在Element edge

36、 length 輸入30，單擊OK，單擊Mesh。再在出來(lái)的對(duì)話框中選擇所要?jiǎng)澐值捏w，如圖所示。由于結(jié)構(gòu)形狀的多樣性，在許多情況下，由智能尺寸產(chǎn)生的網(wǎng)格并不合適，在這些情況下，進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分時(shí)必須做更多的處理?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)指定單元尺寸來(lái)進(jìn)行更多的控制。本次指定線上的單元邊長(zhǎng)為30mm。2.4加載與求解2.4.1 施加約束（在筒體下表面施加約束）Main Menu>Solution>Loads>Apply>Structure>Displacement>On Area，選取筒體下表面，點(diǎn)擊OK,在彈出的對(duì)話框中，選擇 All DOF，displacement valu

37、e=0，點(diǎn)擊Ok。2.4.2 施加面載荷假設(shè)本設(shè)備工作壓力5.8MPa，設(shè)計(jì)壓力6MPa。Main Menu>Solution>Define Load>Apply>Structural>pressure>on areas,選取圓筒的內(nèi)表面，點(diǎn)擊OK，輸入壓力值6MPa。2.4.3 求解執(zhí)行Main Menu>Solution>Solve>Current LS，出現(xiàn)求解選項(xiàng)和載荷選項(xiàng)信息，以及求解開(kāi)始對(duì)話框，單擊OK，開(kāi)始求解，直到出現(xiàn)Solution is done則求解成功。2.5 后處理2.5.1 查看變形和應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度(1) 查看變形執(zhí)行

38、Main Menu>General Postproc>Plot Results>Deformed Shape>contour plot>nodal solu>dof solution>displacement vector sum,變形結(jié)果如圖所示：圖2.5.1.1減溫器筒體模型的變形圖由上圖可以看出，筒體的最大變形0.738*10-4（2）查看節(jié)點(diǎn)應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度圖執(zhí)行Main Menu>General Postproc>Plot Results>Contour Plot>Nodal Solu在彈出的對(duì)話框中選擇Stress>V

39、on Mises Stress，單擊OK，結(jié)果如下圖所示：圖2.5.1.2減溫器筒體模型的應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度圖由上圖可知，筒體所受到的最大應(yīng)力為114422.5.2 路徑分析(1)定義路徑執(zhí)行Select>Entities>選擇Lines,By Num/Pick,如圖所示：點(diǎn)擊Apply，選擇一條路徑，如圖所示執(zhí)行Select>Entities>選擇Nodes, Attached to執(zhí)行Main Menu>General Postproc>Path Opuerations>Define Path>By Nodes出現(xiàn)選擇點(diǎn)對(duì)話框，執(zhí)行Plot>Lines,則剛才選擇的線出現(xiàn)在圖紙上，在該線上均勻的選擇幾個(gè)點(diǎn)，如圖所示點(diǎn)擊Apply出現(xiàn)如下對(duì)話框，輸入路徑名1，點(diǎn)擊Ok 則路徑1定義完