鉆井液工藝原理A期末考試試卷

1、中國地質(zhì)大學（北京） 2009年秋季學期課程號：0201171鉆井液工藝原理期末考試試卷（a）考試形式：閉卷考試 考試時間：120分鐘班號 學號 姓名 得分 題號1234567總分得分note: all answers can be given either in english or chinese!1. please interpret the following definitions in detail(解釋下列概念)（20 points，each 4 points）. main functions of the drilling fluids（鉆井液的主要功能）答：. the cau

2、ses of the negative potential at the surface of clay mineral（粘土礦物表面帶負電荷的原因）答：. give concept and the description of mud cake and explain effect of the cake on driiling operation（泥餅的概念與描述方法及其對鉆井作業(yè)的影響）答：. the function of na2co3 and its mechanism（na2co3在鉆井液中的作用及作用原理）答： . based on the structures of mg(oh

3、)2 and (mmh), explain why mmh sheet possesses postive charge（根據(jù)水鎂石mg(oh)2和正電膠結構，說明mmh晶片帶有正電荷的原因答：2. density of drilling fluid and its effect on drilling operation, then give the design basis and adjustment of drilling fluid density (鉆井液密度及其對鉆井作業(yè)的影響，并說明鉆井流體密度設計基礎和調(diào)節(jié)密度的方法) （10 points）答：3. explain the

4、following differences between montmorillonite (a13.34mg0.66)(si7.0all.0)o20(oh)4 and illite (k,na,ca2)m(al,fe,mg)4(si,a1)8o20(oh)4·nh2o based on the structure and the formula:a) why does illite have more negative charges than montmorillonite?b) why does montmorillonite have more cation exchange

5、 capacity than illite?c) why does montmorillonite have more yielding capacity than illite?d) why is k+ used to drill formation than contain montmorillonite?（根據(jù)蒙脫石和伊利石的結構及其化學成分解釋這兩種粘土礦物以下不同特性）（10 points, each 2 points）a) 伊利石晶與蒙脫石格取代位置的區(qū)別？b) 為什么伊利石的負電荷比蒙脫石多？c) 為什么蒙脫石陽離子交換容量比伊利石多？d) 為什么蒙脫石的造漿能力最強？e) 為什

6、么用k+鉆進含蒙脫石地層？答：4. please write out the rheological equation of bingham plastic fluid and state its physical meanings and influential factors of parameters in equation and the control methods (寫出賓漢塑性流體的流變方程，并闡述流變方程中各流變參數(shù)的物理意義和影響因素)（10 points）答：5. based on the filtration equation , explain a) the fact

7、ors that affect the filtration properties of drilling fluids; b)the effect of filtration on drilling operation; c)adjustment and control of filtration; d)the reason of adopting foam to prevent loss of circulation? (根據(jù)靜濾失方程，說明a）影響鉆井液失水的因素；b）失水對鉆井作業(yè)的影響；c)濾失性能的調(diào)控；d)為什么說采用泡沫泥漿可以預防鉆孔漏失？) （10 points）答：6.

8、computation(10 points, each 5 points). using fann 35a viscometer, die dial readings are 60040，30028, compute apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity and yield point and its apparent viscosity under 300rpm(使用fann 35a型旋轉(zhuǎn)粘度計，測得某種鉆井液的60045，30030，求該鉆井液的表觀粘度、塑性粘度、動切力和300rpm下的表觀粘度)解：. make up 100 m3 drilling

9、 fluid with density of 1.05 g/cm3, compute the needed bentonite(in ton) and water(m3), densities of bentonite and water are assumed 2.6 g/cm3 and 1.0 g/cm3 respectively（配制100方密度為1.05 g/cm3的鉆井液，計算所需要的膨潤土（噸）和水（方）量，假設膨潤土的密度為2.6 g/cm3，水的密度為1 g/cm3）解：7. (某煤田進行煤層氣勘探，孔深825m，采用95mm繩索取心鉆進。其勘探區(qū)鉆遇的地層自下而上分別為:1

10、基底海西期花崗巖。2 第三系達連河組：下部含煤段，主要由碳質(zhì)泥巖、泥巖、煤組成，層厚3550m。中部油頁巖段，厚度60180m。上部砂泥巖段主要由泥質(zhì)膠結的粗砂巖、泥巖，沼澤相泥巖、泥質(zhì)細砂巖互層，厚度300800m，泥巖遇水膨脹，粗砂巖易坍塌，孔壁極不穩(wěn)定。在泥漿濾液滲透下，加上鉆具的敲打，泥漿的水力沖刷剝蝕，極易坍塌掉塊，嚴重超徑，孔壁呈葫蘆狀，常常造成多種復雜的孔內(nèi)事故，給鉆探生產(chǎn)帶來極大困難。3 第四系主要由粘土、砂礫石等組成，層厚1030m。其中yd-02鉆孔采用了khm-cmc-pam無固相鉆井液，其組成及性能見表1。表1 khm-cmc-pam 無固相鉆井液性能配方1000ml 清水+ 15g khm + 3g cmc + 200ppm php + 1.5g naoh性能指標比重g/cm3漏斗粘度s失水量ml/30min泥餅厚mmph值視粘度mpas塑性粘度mpas動切力pa動塑比1.0052280.388.552.50.5請說明：a) 選擇無固相鉆井液的原因（4 points）b) khm（腐植酸鉀）的作用及作用原理（4 points）c) cmc（鈉羧甲基纖維素）的作用及作用原理（4 points）d) php（水解聚丙烯酰胺）的作用及作用原理（5 points）e) 評價該鉆井液的動塑比，并說明其與攜帶巖屑的關系（5 poi