重型卡車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)-中英文版 2015-10

1、0Chassis Department of C&C Trucks Co., Ltd. Research Institute 2015年年9月月 September, 2015 第一部分第一部分 概述概述 Chapter 1 Overview 第二部分第二部分 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造 Chapter 2 Brake System Construction 第三部分第三部分 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)工作原理制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)工作原理 Chapter 3 Operating Principle of Brake System 第四部分第四部分 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)主要部件功用及工作原理制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)主要部件功用及工作原理 Chap

2、ter 4 Functions and Operating Principle of Main Brake System Components 第五部分第五部分 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)裝配調(diào)校注意事項(xiàng)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)裝配調(diào)校注意事項(xiàng) Chapter 5 Precaution for Assembling and Adjustment of Brake System 第六部分第六部分 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)故障及排除制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)故障及排除 Chapter 6 Brake System Problems and Troubleshooting1目錄目錄 Contents1、制動(dòng)系的功用：、制動(dòng)系的功用：Functions of Brak

3、e System:使行駛的汽車減速或停車；使行駛的汽車減速或停車； Decelerate or stop the running vehicle;使下坡行駛的汽車車速保持穩(wěn)定；使下坡行駛的汽車車速保持穩(wěn)定； Keep the speed stable when the vehicle is driven on the downhill;使已停駛的汽車在原地（包括在斜坡上）駐留不動(dòng)。使已停駛的汽車在原地（包括在斜坡上）駐留不動(dòng)。 Leave the stopped vehicle in original location (including on the slope).2、制動(dòng)系的類型：、制動(dòng)

4、系的類型： Types of Brake System:行車制動(dòng)：通過(guò)操縱制動(dòng)踏板實(shí)現(xiàn)行車制動(dòng)：通過(guò)操縱制動(dòng)踏板實(shí)現(xiàn) Service brake: it is achieved by operating the brake pedal 駐車制動(dòng)：通過(guò)操縱駐車制動(dòng)手柄實(shí)現(xiàn)駐車制動(dòng)：通過(guò)操縱駐車制動(dòng)手柄實(shí)現(xiàn) Parking brake: it is achieved by operating the parking brake handle應(yīng)急制動(dòng)：與駐車制動(dòng)相結(jié)合，通過(guò)操縱駐車制動(dòng)手柄實(shí)現(xiàn)應(yīng)急制動(dòng)：與駐車制動(dòng)相結(jié)合，通過(guò)操縱駐車制動(dòng)手柄實(shí)現(xiàn) Emergency brake: Combining

5、with the parking brake, it is achieved by operating the parking brake handle輔助制動(dòng)：通過(guò)操縱駕駛室內(nèi)輔助制動(dòng)按鈕實(shí)現(xiàn)輔助制動(dòng)：通過(guò)操縱駕駛室內(nèi)輔助制動(dòng)按鈕實(shí)現(xiàn) Supplemental brake: it is achieved by operating the supplemental brake button in the cab3、制動(dòng)系的組成：、制動(dòng)系的組成： Components of Brake System:供能裝置：如空壓機(jī)、儲(chǔ)氣筒等供能裝置：如空壓機(jī)、儲(chǔ)氣筒等 Supply device: such

6、 as air compressor, air reservoir控制裝置：如制動(dòng)踏板、手閥等控制裝置：如制動(dòng)踏板、手閥等 Control device: such as brake pedal, parking brake傳能裝置：如各控制閥及管路元件等傳能裝置：如各控制閥及管路元件等 Transmission device: such as various control valves and pipe components執(zhí)行裝置：如制動(dòng)器等執(zhí)行裝置：如制動(dòng)器等 Execution device: such as brake2一、概述一、概述 Chapter 1 Overview3駐車手

7、閥駐車手閥+掛車手閥掛車手閥Parking Brake + Trailer Parking Brake 前盤式制動(dòng)器前盤式制動(dòng)器+氣室氣室Front Disc Brake + Air Chamber 掛車連接頭及管路掛車連接頭及管路Trailer Connector and Pipeline制動(dòng)大管束及散管制動(dòng)大管束及散管 Big Brake Pipe Bundle and Separate Pipes后后ABS電磁閥電磁閥 Rear ABS Solenoid Valve前前ABS電磁閥電磁閥Front ABS Solenoid Valve掛車閥掛車閥Trailer Valve空壓機(jī)空壓機(jī)Ai

8、r Compressor制動(dòng)踏板制動(dòng)踏板+腳閥腳閥Brake Pedal + Service Brake制動(dòng)硬管制動(dòng)硬管Brake Hard Pipe限壓閥限壓閥Relief Valve四回路四回路Four-circuit干燥器干燥器 Dryer差動(dòng)閥差動(dòng)閥Differential Valve繼動(dòng)閥繼動(dòng)閥Relay Valve后橋盤式制動(dòng)器及制動(dòng)氣室后橋盤式制動(dòng)器及制動(dòng)氣室 Rear Axle Disc Brake and Brake Chamber儲(chǔ)氣筒模塊儲(chǔ)氣筒模塊Air Reservoir Module排氣制動(dòng)蝶閥排氣制動(dòng)蝶閥Exhaust Brake Butterfly Valve二、

9、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造二、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造 Chapter 2 Brake System Construction多通接頭多通接頭Multi-way Connector前繼動(dòng)閥前繼動(dòng)閥Front Relay Valve儲(chǔ)氣筒儲(chǔ)氣筒Air Reservoir適配閥適配閥Adaptation Valve掛車掛車ABS電磁閥電磁閥ABS For Trailer變速箱變速箱+緩速緩速器器Transmission and Retarder儲(chǔ)氣筒儲(chǔ)氣筒Air Reservoir 聯(lián)合卡車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)整車布置簡(jiǎn)圖聯(lián)合卡車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)整車布置簡(jiǎn)圖 Complete Vehicle Layout of C&C Trucks

10、Brake System整車從布置上大致可分為：供能、控制和執(zhí)行元件三個(gè)部分。整車從布置上大致可分為：供能、控制和執(zhí)行元件三個(gè)部分。The complete vehicle can be roughly divided into three parts according to its arrangement: supply, control and executive components.供能元件即從空壓機(jī)至干燥器再到四回路、儲(chǔ)氣筒等的相關(guān)元件及管路；供能元件即從空壓機(jī)至干燥器再到四回路、儲(chǔ)氣筒等的相關(guān)元件及管路；Supply components contain the air comp

11、ressor, dryer, four-circuit, air reservoir and other related components and pipelines;控制元件即踏板、腳閥、手閥、繼動(dòng)閥、差動(dòng)閥，及連接各控制閥之間的若干管路；控制元件即踏板、腳閥、手閥、繼動(dòng)閥、差動(dòng)閥，及連接各控制閥之間的若干管路；Control components contain the pedal, service brake, parking brake, relay valve, differential valve and the several pipes between the contro

12、l valves;執(zhí)行元件即氣路終端制動(dòng)器及相關(guān)執(zhí)行氣路。執(zhí)行元件即氣路終端制動(dòng)器及相關(guān)執(zhí)行氣路。Executive components are the brakes at the end of the air circuits and the relevant executive air circuits.4執(zhí)行元件部分執(zhí)行元件部分Executive Component Part供能元件部分供能元件部分 Supply Component Part控制元件部分控制元件部分 Control Component Part 聯(lián)合卡車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)工作原理詳見下圖（以聯(lián)合卡車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)工作原理詳見下圖（以4

13、2牽引車為例）牽引車為例）1. See the following drawing for the operating principle of C&C trucks brake system (take 64 tractor for example)從圖中可以看出，整個(gè)制動(dòng)氣路大致可分為：行車制動(dòng)、駐車制動(dòng)、輔助制動(dòng)及其余輔助用氣等。下面將分別對(duì)這幾種制從圖中可以看出，整個(gè)制動(dòng)氣路大致可分為：行車制動(dòng)、駐車制動(dòng)、輔助制動(dòng)及其余輔助用氣等。下面將分別對(duì)這幾種制動(dòng)方式的工作原理作以詳細(xì)介紹。動(dòng)方式的工作原理作以詳細(xì)介紹。As seen from the drawing, the whol

14、e brake air circuit is roughly divided into: service brake, parking brake, supplemental brake, other auxiliary air and ect. Next, the operating principles of these braking methods will be described in detail.5三、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)工作原理三、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)工作原理 Chapter 3 Operating Principle of Brake System6a.行車制動(dòng)：行車制動(dòng)：Service Brak

15、e:聯(lián)合卡車行車制動(dòng)采用雙回路氣壓制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。即前行車制動(dòng)回路和后行車制動(dòng)回路，二者彼此獨(dú)立。見下圖線條加粗聯(lián)合卡車行車制動(dòng)采用雙回路氣壓制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。即前行車制動(dòng)回路和后行車制動(dòng)回路，二者彼此獨(dú)立。見下圖線條加粗部分，其中紅色代表前行車制動(dòng)回路，綠色代表后行車制動(dòng)回路。部分，其中紅色代表前行車制動(dòng)回路，綠色代表后行車制動(dòng)回路。 The C&C truck service brake uses the double-circuit pneumatic brake system. It includes the front service brake circuit and the rear

16、service brake circuit, which are independent. As shown by the bold lines in the drawing, the red represents the front service brake circuit, the green represents the rear service brake circuit.腳閥腳閥 Service Brake踏板踏板Pedal制動(dòng)氣室制動(dòng)氣室 Brake Chamber制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)器 Brake行車制動(dòng)操縱裝置行車制動(dòng)操縱裝置 Service Brake Operating Devic

17、e行車制動(dòng)執(zhí)行裝置行車制動(dòng)執(zhí)行裝置 Service Brake Execution Device7當(dāng)需要車輛減速或遇紅綠燈等其余路況需要臨時(shí)停車時(shí)，駕駛員踩下制動(dòng)踏板，頂桿下移，推動(dòng)制動(dòng)總閥當(dāng)需要車輛減速或遇紅綠燈等其余路況需要臨時(shí)停車時(shí)，駕駛員踩下制動(dòng)踏板，頂桿下移，推動(dòng)制動(dòng)總閥8的頂桿座下移的頂桿座下移，消除排氣間隙，制動(dòng)總閥排氣閥門關(guān)閉，進(jìn)氣閥門被打開，這時(shí)由后橋儲(chǔ)氣筒，消除排氣間隙，制動(dòng)總閥排氣閥門關(guān)閉，進(jìn)氣閥門被打開，這時(shí)由后橋儲(chǔ)氣筒4過(guò)來(lái)的控制氣流經(jīng)制動(dòng)總閥上腔流向后過(guò)來(lái)的控制氣流經(jīng)制動(dòng)總閥上腔流向后繼動(dòng)閥繼動(dòng)閥10的控制口，通過(guò)氣流壓力打開繼動(dòng)閥進(jìn)氣閥門，這時(shí)由后橋儲(chǔ)氣筒過(guò)來(lái)的供

18、能氣流便經(jīng)繼動(dòng)閥進(jìn)出氣口，到后的控制口，通過(guò)氣流壓力打開繼動(dòng)閥進(jìn)氣閥門，這時(shí)由后橋儲(chǔ)氣筒過(guò)來(lái)的供能氣流便經(jīng)繼動(dòng)閥進(jìn)出氣口，到后橋行車氣室橋行車氣室14，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)中后橋的行車制動(dòng)；，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)中后橋的行車制動(dòng)；When it is necessary to decelerate the vehicle or stop it temporarily as encountering the traffic light or other road conditions, the driver depresses the brake pedal, the push rod is moved downwar

19、d, the push rod seat of the brake valve 8 is pushed downward to eliminate the exhaust clearance, the exhaust valve of the brake valve is closed and the intake valve is opened. At this time, the controlled air flow from the rear axle air reservoir 4 passes through the upper chamber on the brake valve

20、, flowing into the control port of the rear relay valve 10, the intake valve of the relay valve is opened by the air flow pressure, then the supply air flow from the rear axle air reservoir passes through the inlet and the outlet of the relay valve, flowing into the rear axle service brake chamber 1

21、4, it achieves the service braking of the center rear axle.與此同時(shí)，由前橋儲(chǔ)氣筒與此同時(shí)，由前橋儲(chǔ)氣筒5過(guò)來(lái)的控制氣流經(jīng)制動(dòng)總閥下腔流向前繼動(dòng)閥過(guò)來(lái)的控制氣流經(jīng)制動(dòng)總閥下腔流向前繼動(dòng)閥10的控制口，通過(guò)氣流壓力打開繼動(dòng)閥進(jìn)氣閥門的控制口，通過(guò)氣流壓力打開繼動(dòng)閥進(jìn)氣閥門，這時(shí)由后橋儲(chǔ)氣筒過(guò)來(lái)的供能氣流便經(jīng)繼動(dòng)閥進(jìn)出氣口，到前橋制動(dòng)氣室，這時(shí)由后橋儲(chǔ)氣筒過(guò)來(lái)的供能氣流便經(jīng)繼動(dòng)閥進(jìn)出氣口，到前橋制動(dòng)氣室13，實(shí)現(xiàn)前橋行車制動(dòng)。，實(shí)現(xiàn)前橋行車制動(dòng)。At the same time ,the controlled air flow from t

22、he front axle air reservoir 5 passes through the lower chamber on the brake valve, flowing into the control port of the front relay valve 10, the intake valve of the relay valve is opened by the air flow pressure, then the supply air flow from the front axle air reservoir passes through the inlet an

23、d the outlet of the relay valve , flowing into the front axle brake chamber 13, achieving the service braking of the front axle.對(duì)于牽引車，由制動(dòng)總閥過(guò)來(lái)的行車制動(dòng)控制氣流同時(shí)流向掛車閥對(duì)于牽引車，由制動(dòng)總閥過(guò)來(lái)的行車制動(dòng)控制氣流同時(shí)流向掛車閥17控制口，控制掛車制動(dòng)。控制口，控制掛車制動(dòng)。For the tractors, the service brake controlled air flow from the brake valve flows into th

24、e control port of the trailer valve 17 to control the trailer brake.8b.駐車制動(dòng)：駐車制動(dòng)：Parking Brake:駐車制動(dòng)用于使駐車制動(dòng)用于使已停駛的汽車在原地（包括在斜坡上）駐留不動(dòng)。已停駛的汽車在原地（包括在斜坡上）駐留不動(dòng)。聯(lián)合卡車駐車制動(dòng)采用手控閥彈簧儲(chǔ)能制動(dòng)。見下圖聯(lián)合卡車駐車制動(dòng)采用手控閥彈簧儲(chǔ)能制動(dòng)。見下圖線條加粗部分，藍(lán)色代表主車駐車制動(dòng)回路，黃色代表掛車駐車控制氣路。線條加粗部分，藍(lán)色代表主車駐車制動(dòng)回路，黃色代表掛車駐車控制氣路。The parking brake is used to keep t

25、he stopped vehicle in original location (including on the slope). The C&C truck parking brake uses the energy stored in the parking brake spring to operate the brake. As shown by the bold lines in the drawing, the blue represents the main vehicle parking brake circuit, the yellow represents the

26、trailer parking control air circuit.駐車手閥駐車手閥Parking Brake 駐車制動(dòng)操縱裝置駐車制動(dòng)操縱裝置 Parking Brake Operating Device彈簧制動(dòng)氣室彈簧制動(dòng)氣室 Spring Brake Cylinder 制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)器 Brake駐車制動(dòng)執(zhí)行裝置駐車制動(dòng)執(zhí)行裝置 Parking Brake Execution Device9當(dāng)需要車輛停駐時(shí)，駕駛員拉動(dòng)駐車手閥手柄當(dāng)需要車輛停駐時(shí)，駕駛員拉動(dòng)駐車手閥手柄12 ，手閥進(jìn)氣閥門關(guān)閉，排氣閥門打開，這時(shí)由駐車手閥到差動(dòng)式繼動(dòng)閥，手閥進(jìn)氣閥門關(guān)閉，排氣閥門打開，這時(shí)由駐車手閥到差

27、動(dòng)式繼動(dòng)閥11的控制氣流便經(jīng)駐車手閥排氣口排出，施加在差動(dòng)式繼動(dòng)閥控制口上的氣壓解除，差動(dòng)式繼動(dòng)閥進(jìn)氣閥門關(guān)閉，排氣閥門的控制氣流便經(jīng)駐車手閥排氣口排出，施加在差動(dòng)式繼動(dòng)閥控制口上的氣壓解除，差動(dòng)式繼動(dòng)閥進(jìn)氣閥門關(guān)閉，排氣閥門打開，這時(shí)中后橋彈簧制動(dòng)氣室打開，這時(shí)中后橋彈簧制動(dòng)氣室14的壓縮空氣便由制動(dòng)軟管流向差動(dòng)式繼動(dòng)閥，經(jīng)差動(dòng)式繼動(dòng)閥排氣口排出，彈簧釋放，的壓縮空氣便由制動(dòng)軟管流向差動(dòng)式繼動(dòng)閥，經(jīng)差動(dòng)式繼動(dòng)閥排氣口排出，彈簧釋放，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)駐車制動(dòng)。從而實(shí)現(xiàn)駐車制動(dòng)。When it is necessary to park the vehicle, the driver pulls the

28、parking brake handle 12, the intake valve of the parking brake is closed, the exhaust valve is opened, then the controlled air flow from the parking brake to the differential relay valve 11 is discharged from the exhaust port of the parking brake, the air pressure applied to the control port of the

29、differential relay valve is released, the intake valve of the differential relay valve is closed, and the exhaust valve is opened, then the compressed air from the center rear axle spring brake chamber 14 flows to the differential relay valve through brake hoses, and is discharged from the exhaust p

30、ort of the differential relay valve, the spring is released, achieving the parking brake.對(duì)于牽引車，由駐車手閥到掛車手閥對(duì)于牽引車，由駐車手閥到掛車手閥18的控制氣流同時(shí)經(jīng)駐車手閥排氣口排出，掛車手閥排氣閥門打開，由掛車手閥到掛的控制氣流同時(shí)經(jīng)駐車手閥排氣口排出，掛車手閥排氣閥門打開，由掛車手閥到掛車閥車閥17的駐車控制口的控制氣流經(jīng)掛車手閥排氣口排出，從而控制掛車駐車制動(dòng)。的駐車控制口的控制氣流經(jīng)掛車手閥排氣口排出，從而控制掛車駐車制動(dòng)。For the tractors, the controlled

31、air flow from the parking brake to the trailer parking brake 18 is discharged from the exhaust port of the parking brake, the exhaust valve of the trailer parking brake is opened, and the controlled air flow from the trailer parking brake to the trailer valve 17 is discharged from the exhaust port o

32、f the trailer parking brake to control the trailer parking brake. c.輔助制動(dòng)：輔助制動(dòng)：Supplemental Brake:輔助制動(dòng)是主要用于汽車下長(zhǎng)坡時(shí)，持續(xù)的減速或保持車速穩(wěn)定，并減輕或解除行車制動(dòng)裝置的負(fù)荷，從而提高輔助制動(dòng)是主要用于汽車下長(zhǎng)坡時(shí)，持續(xù)的減速或保持車速穩(wěn)定，并減輕或解除行車制動(dòng)裝置的負(fù)荷，從而提高坡道行車安全，提高制動(dòng)器使用壽命。坡道行車安全，提高制動(dòng)器使用壽命。The supplemental brake is operating when the vehicle runs on a long dow

33、nhill, it reduces the speed constantly or keeps the speed stable and reduces or releases the loads on the service brake device to improve the driving safety on slopes and increase the brakes service life.聯(lián)合卡車輔助制動(dòng)分為：壓縮釋放制動(dòng)聯(lián)合卡車輔助制動(dòng)分為：壓縮釋放制動(dòng)+排氣制動(dòng)排氣制動(dòng)(YC6K12)、壓縮釋放制動(dòng)（、壓縮釋放制動(dòng)（ISME）、泄氣制動(dòng)）、泄氣制動(dòng)+排氣制動(dòng)排氣制動(dòng)(YC6

34、K10)、排氣制動(dòng)（、排氣制動(dòng)（YC6MK）。）。The C&C truck supplemental brake is divided into: compression release brake + exhaust brake (YC6K12), compression release brake (ISME), bleeder brake + exhaust brake (YC6K10), exhaust brake (YC6MK).10COMPRESSION RELEASE BRAKE(ENGINNE BRAKE)壓縮釋放制動(dòng)器壓縮釋放制動(dòng)器(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制動(dòng)器發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制動(dòng)器)BLE

35、EDER BRAKE泄氣制動(dòng)器泄氣制動(dòng)器EXHAUST BRAKE排氣制動(dòng)器排氣制動(dòng)器Intergrated 集成式Full Cycle 全循環(huán)Fix Orifice 固定泄氣孔Bolt-On 螺栓連接式Common Rail 共軌Constant Pressure 恒壓壓縮釋放制動(dòng)：壓縮釋放制動(dòng)：Compression Release Brake:壓縮釋放制動(dòng)是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壓縮沖程上止點(diǎn)，打開排氣門，使高壓氣體經(jīng)排氣門排出，使得做功沖程中無(wú)能量返回活塞，壓縮釋放制動(dòng)是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壓縮沖程上止點(diǎn)，打開排氣門，使高壓氣體經(jīng)排氣門排出，使得做功沖程中無(wú)能量返回活塞，造成能量?jī)魮p失，以達(dá)到緩速目的；整個(gè)過(guò)程

36、，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)就相當(dāng)于一吸收能量的空氣壓縮機(jī)。造成能量?jī)魮p失，以達(dá)到緩速目的；整個(gè)過(guò)程，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)就相當(dāng)于一吸收能量的空氣壓縮機(jī)。The compression release brake opens the exhaust valve when the engine compression stroke is at the top dead center, so that the high pressure gas is discharged from the exhaust valve and no energy returns to the piston during the power stro

37、ke, resulting in the net energy loss and achieving the goal of slowing down the speed; during the whole process, the engine services as an air compressor to absorb the energy. 11Intake 進(jìn)氣進(jìn)氣Compression 壓縮壓縮Release 釋放釋放Expansion膨脹膨脹Exhaust排氣排氣 泄氣制動(dòng)：泄氣制動(dòng)： Bleeder Brake:泄氣制動(dòng)是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)四個(gè)工作沖程中排氣門均打開，在壓縮沖程中，壓縮氣

38、體經(jīng)微小打開的排氣門排出，在膨脹泄氣制動(dòng)是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)四個(gè)工作沖程中排氣門均打開，在壓縮沖程中，壓縮氣體經(jīng)微小打開的排氣門排出，在膨脹沖程中無(wú)能量返回活塞；同時(shí)在排氣沖程中，安裝在排氣管上的排氣蝶閥關(guān)閉，形成排氣背壓，為排氣沖程提供沖程中無(wú)能量返回活塞；同時(shí)在排氣沖程中，安裝在排氣管上的排氣蝶閥關(guān)閉，形成排氣背壓，為排氣沖程提供阻力，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)降速，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)整車緩速。阻力，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)降速，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)整車緩速。Bleeder brake opens the exhaust valve during the four engine strokes. The compressed air is dischar

39、ged from the exhaust valve that is opened slightly during the compression stroke, no energy returns to the piston during the expansion stroke; while, the exhaust butterfly valve installed on the exhaust pipe is closed in the exhaust stroke to form the exhaust back pressure and provide the resistance

40、 to the exhaust stroke, then the engine speed is reduced, achieving the goal of slowing down the complete vehicles speed.12Intake 進(jìn)氣進(jìn)氣Compression 壓縮壓縮Expansion膨脹膨脹Exhaust排氣排氣排氣制動(dòng)：排氣制動(dòng)： Exhaust Brake:排氣制動(dòng)是通過(guò)關(guān)閉安裝在排氣管上的蝶形閥門，阻止發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣沖程中的氣流流出，增加排氣背壓，在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣制動(dòng)是通過(guò)關(guān)閉安裝在排氣管上的蝶形閥門，阻止發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣沖程中的氣流流出，增加排氣背壓，在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排氣沖

41、程提供阻力，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)降速，實(shí)現(xiàn)制動(dòng)。排氣沖程提供阻力，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)降速，實(shí)現(xiàn)制動(dòng)。The exhaust brake prevents the air flow generated in the engine exhaust stroke from being discharged by closing the butterfly valve installed on the exhaust pipe, increases the exhaust back pressure, provides the resistance during the engine exhaust stroke, red

42、uces the engine speed, and achieves the braking.13 d.應(yīng)急制動(dòng)：應(yīng)急制動(dòng)：d.Emergency Brake:應(yīng)急制動(dòng)用于主制動(dòng)供能裝置出現(xiàn)壓力過(guò)低等故障時(shí)，通過(guò)應(yīng)急制動(dòng)裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車制動(dòng)。聯(lián)合卡車應(yīng)急制動(dòng)與駐應(yīng)急制動(dòng)用于主制動(dòng)供能裝置出現(xiàn)壓力過(guò)低等故障時(shí)，通過(guò)應(yīng)急制動(dòng)裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車制動(dòng)。聯(lián)合卡車應(yīng)急制動(dòng)與駐車制動(dòng)相結(jié)合，控制及執(zhí)行裝置同駐車制動(dòng)。車制動(dòng)相結(jié)合，控制及執(zhí)行裝置同駐車制動(dòng)。When the main brake supply device has problems such as low pressure, the emergenc

43、y brake uses the emergency brake device to operate the vehicle braking. The C&C truck combines the emergency brake with parking brake, and its control and execution device are same with the parking brake.14干燥器干燥器 Dryer空壓機(jī)空壓機(jī)Air Compressor排氣蝶閥排氣蝶閥Exhaust Butterfly Valve繼動(dòng)閥繼動(dòng)閥Relay Valve 差動(dòng)閥差動(dòng)閥Dif

44、ferential Valve 掛車閥掛車閥Trailer Valve四回路四回路Four-circuit 儲(chǔ)氣筒儲(chǔ)氣筒Air Reservoir 制動(dòng)踏板制動(dòng)踏板Brake Pedal盤式制動(dòng)器盤式制動(dòng)器 Disc Brake 制動(dòng)總閥制動(dòng)總閥 Brake Valve電子制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)電子制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)Electric Brake System掛車手閥掛車手閥Trailer Parking Brake 15四、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)主要部件功用及工作原理四、制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)主要部件功用及工作原理 Chapter 4 Functions and Operating Principle of Main Brake System

45、Components駐車手閥駐車手閥Parking Brake空壓機(jī)空壓機(jī) 1. Air Compressor a.功用：空壓機(jī)作為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)附件裝與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上，由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，向制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及其它功用：空壓機(jī)作為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)附件裝與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上，由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，向制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及其它輔助用氣系統(tǒng)提供能量。輔助用氣系統(tǒng)提供能量。a. Functions: The air compressor is installed to the engine as an engine accessory. It is driven by the engine, and supplies energy to the brake syste

46、m and other auxiliary gas systems.b.分類：目前聯(lián)合卡車使用的有內(nèi)卸荷（分類：目前聯(lián)合卡車使用的有內(nèi)卸荷（ISME）和外卸荷（）和外卸荷（YC）兩種。）兩種。b. Classification: The C&C truck now uses two types: the internal unloading (ISME) and the external unloading (YC).c. 工作原理：工作原理：c. Operating Principle:空壓機(jī)具有與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)類似的曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)?？諌簷C(jī)具有與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)類似的曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)。The air com

47、pressor has a crank link mechanism just like that of the engine.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，空壓機(jī)隨之運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)活塞下行時(shí)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，空壓機(jī)隨之運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)活塞下行時(shí)，外界空氣經(jīng)進(jìn)氣歧管（增壓進(jìn)氣）外界空氣經(jīng)進(jìn)氣歧管（增壓進(jìn)氣）或空濾后（自然吸氣）被吸人氣缸；活塞上行時(shí)，缸內(nèi)空氣即被壓縮，壓力升高、或空濾后（自然吸氣）被吸人氣缸；活塞上行時(shí)，缸內(nèi)空氣即被壓縮，壓力升高、克服排氣閥彈簧的頂緊力使排氣門開啟，壓縮空氣便經(jīng)出氣克服排氣閥彈簧的頂緊力使排氣門開啟，壓縮空氣便經(jīng)出氣口流向干燥器及后續(xù)口流向干燥器及后續(xù)制動(dòng)氣路，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)向制動(dòng)氣路供氣制動(dòng)氣路，

48、從而實(shí)現(xiàn)向制動(dòng)氣路供氣。When the engine is running, the air compressor is running. When the piston is moving downward, the outside air is absorbed into the cylinder through the intake manifold (boosted air intake) or the air cleaner (natural aspiration); when the piston is moving upward, the air in the cylinder

49、 is compressed, the pressure is boosted, and the exhaust valve is opened by the jacking force used to overcome the exhaust valve spring, then the compressed air flows to the dryer and the following brake air circuits through the outlet to supply air for the brake air circuits. 162. 干燥器干燥器 2. Dryera.

50、功用：對(duì)來(lái)自空壓機(jī)的壓縮空氣進(jìn)行吸附干燥，防止管路及系統(tǒng)內(nèi)其他金屬件功用：對(duì)來(lái)自空壓機(jī)的壓縮空氣進(jìn)行吸附干燥，防止管路及系統(tǒng)內(nèi)其他金屬件銹蝕、橡膠件龜裂、潤(rùn)滑脂分解、管路堵塞等故障，增加制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的可靠性。集銹蝕、橡膠件龜裂、潤(rùn)滑脂分解、管路堵塞等故障，增加制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的可靠性。集成的調(diào)壓閥能自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)壓力，集成的安全閥可防止氣路過(guò)壓，集成的加熱裝成的調(diào)壓閥能自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)壓力，集成的安全閥可防止氣路過(guò)壓，集成的加熱裝置能避免總成冬季凍結(jié)失效。置能避免總成冬季凍結(jié)失效。a. Functions: Absorb and dry the compressed air from the air compr

51、essor, prevent the pipeline and other metal parts in the system from corrosion, prevent the cracked rubber parts, dissociation of the grease, the blocked pipeline and other troubles, enhance the reliability of the brake system. The integrated pressure regulating valve can adjust the system pressure

52、automatically, the integrated safety valve can prevent the overpressure in the air circuits, the integrated heating unit can prevent the assembly from the failure of frozen in winter.b.管路連接要求：管路連接要求：1口為進(jìn)氣口，接制動(dòng)硬管；口為進(jìn)氣口，接制動(dòng)硬管；21口接四回路進(jìn)氣口；口接四回路進(jìn)氣口；22口接再口接再生儲(chǔ)氣筒。對(duì)于帶切斷閥的干燥器還需從生儲(chǔ)氣筒。對(duì)于帶切斷閥的干燥器還需從4口引一根管子接到空壓機(jī)

53、。口引一根管子接到空壓機(jī)。b. Pipeline connection requirements: Port 1 is the air inlet, connected to the brake hard pipe; port 21 is connected to the air inlet of the four-circuit; port 22 is connected to the regeneration air reservoir. For the dryer with a stop valve, it is also necessary to lead out a pipe fro

54、m port 4 and connect it to the air compressor. 17c.工作原理：工作原理：Operating Principle:干燥器的工作過(guò)程分四步，形成一個(gè)循環(huán)：干燥器的工作過(guò)程分四步，形成一個(gè)循環(huán)：The operation of the dryer is divided into four steps to form a cycle:干燥空氣干燥空氣卸荷卸荷干燥劑再生干燥劑再生再次恢復(fù)干燥功能再次恢復(fù)干燥功能Dry air-unloading- desiccant regeneration -recover the dry function again

55、干燥空氣：壓縮空氣經(jīng)干燥空氣：壓縮空氣經(jīng)1口進(jìn)入口進(jìn)入A腔，通過(guò)干燥濾網(wǎng)腔，通過(guò)干燥濾網(wǎng)I、環(huán)形通路、環(huán)形通路K到達(dá)干燥器上部，氣流經(jīng)干燥劑到達(dá)干燥器上部，氣流經(jīng)干燥劑a時(shí)，水分被干燥劑時(shí)，水分被干燥劑a吸附并滯留在其吸附并滯留在其表面，干燥氣流經(jīng)過(guò)通道表面，干燥氣流經(jīng)過(guò)通道C后、一部分經(jīng)后、一部分經(jīng)22口流到再生儲(chǔ)氣筒，一部分經(jīng)單向閥流到口流到再生儲(chǔ)氣筒，一部分經(jīng)單向閥流到21口，再經(jīng)四回路流向整車用氣回路?？?，再經(jīng)四回路流向整車用氣回路。Dry air: The compressed air flows into the chamber A through port 1, passes t

56、hrough the dry strainer I and the annular channel K and gets into the upper of the dryer. When the airflow passes through the desiccant a, the water is absorbed by the desiccant a and left on its surface, the dried airflow passes through the channel C, after that, a part of airflow gets into the reg

57、eneration air reservoir, a part of airflow gets into the port 21 through the check valve, and then flows to the complete vehicle gas circuits through the four-circuit.卸荷：干燥氣流在流向卸荷：干燥氣流在流向21口的同時(shí)，部分壓縮空氣從斜孔口的同時(shí)，部分壓縮空氣從斜孔l進(jìn)入進(jìn)入D腔，作用在膜片總成腔，作用在膜片總成g上，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)氣壓超過(guò)彈簧預(yù)緊力時(shí)（上，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)氣壓超過(guò)彈簧預(yù)緊力時(shí)（100020kpa），膜片），膜片g帶動(dòng)閥門帶動(dòng)閥門

58、n向右移動(dòng)，打開閥門向右移動(dòng)，打開閥門n，壓縮空氣進(jìn)入，壓縮空氣進(jìn)入B腔，推動(dòng)活塞腔，推動(dòng)活塞d 往下移動(dòng)往下移動(dòng) ，打開排氣閥門，打開排氣閥門e，空壓機(jī)卸荷。，空壓機(jī)卸荷。Unloading: While the dried airflow is flowing toward the port 21, a part of the compressed air gets into the chamber D from the inclined hole and is applied to the diaphragm assembly g. When the air pressure of th

59、e system exceeds the spring preloads (100020kpa), the diaphragm g moves the valve n to the right and opens the valve n, then the compressed air gets into the chamber B, pushes the piston d to move downward, and opens the exhaust valve e, the air compressor is unloaded.干燥劑再生：在空壓機(jī)卸荷的同時(shí)，再生貯氣筒內(nèi)的壓縮空氣經(jīng)過(guò)通道

60、干燥劑再生：在空壓機(jī)卸荷的同時(shí)，再生貯氣筒內(nèi)的壓縮空氣經(jīng)過(guò)通道C、干燥劑、干燥劑a、環(huán)形通路、環(huán)形通路K、干燥濾網(wǎng)、干燥濾網(wǎng)I、通路、通路E、排氣閥門、排氣閥門e從排從排氣口排出，從而將干燥劑氣口排出，從而將干燥劑a吸附的水分通過(guò)反吹氣流排出，實(shí)現(xiàn)再生。吸附的水分通過(guò)反吹氣流排出，實(shí)現(xiàn)再生。Desiccant regeneration: While the air compressor is unloaded, the compressed air in the regeneration air reservoir is discharged from the exhaust port through the channel C, desiccant