新版廣州初中英語八上3單元Unit_3_computers

1、 unit3 各部分知識點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)Reading一、 詞匯講解1. In the 1940s, the first computers were bigger than cars.在20世紀(jì)40年代，第一批電腦比小汽車還要大。in the 1940s意思是“在20世紀(jì)40年代”，它還可以表示為in the 1940s。同樣的，“在19世紀(jì)70年代”可以寫為in the 1870s。2. You may be unaware of them. 你可能沒有察覺到他們。unaware，形容詞，“沒意識到；未察覺”的意思，常用的搭配有be unaware of sth.。unaware是由詞綴un-和aw

2、are構(gòu)成。aware，形容詞，“察覺到；發(fā)覺”的意思。e.g. At that moment, many people were unaware of the coming of the earthquake. 在那時(shí)，很多人都沒有意識到地震即將到來。3. In addition, computer can do important jobs like operating railways and flying planes and spaceships.此外，電腦能做重要的工作，例如：控制鐵路和操縱飛機(jī)和飛船。（1）in addition意思是“除之外（還）”，用于句首時(shí)，其后常用逗號與句

3、子分隔。e.g. In addition, students can use computers in the library.此外，學(xué)生能在圖書館使用電腦。（2）like，介詞，意思是“例如、比方”，常用于舉例。e.g. I love doing sports like playing basketball and football.我喜歡做運(yùn)動，如打籃球和足球。4. What will happen to us if computer can do all our jobs?如果計(jì)算機(jī)能做所有我們的工作，什么事會發(fā)生在我們身上呢？happen to sb./sth.意思是“遭到；遇到”。e

4、.g. What happened to your car? 你的車出什么毛病了？二句子解析1. You depend on computers more than you realize.你依賴電腦的程度比你意識到的要大。（1）depend on意思是“依賴；依靠”。e.g. You cant depend on your parents forever.你不可能永遠(yuǎn)依賴你的父母。（2）than可以用作介詞或連詞，“比較級+than”結(jié)構(gòu)后可接代詞、名詞或從句。e.g. He is taker than Helen. 他比海倫高。 The school is bigger than we e

5、xpect. 這學(xué)校比我們預(yù)料的要大。2. For example, they may be better than doctors at doing their job.例如，他們可能比醫(yī)生做得更好。本句將短語be good at用于“比較級+than”結(jié)構(gòu)。be good at的意思是“擅長于”，后接動詞-ing形式。e.g. Mary is better than Jane at singing. 瑪麗比簡更擅長于唱歌。三經(jīng)典句記憶1. You depend on computers more than you realize.你依賴電腦的程度比你意識到的要大。2. In additio

6、n, computer can do important jobs like operating railways and flying planes and spaceships.此外，電腦能做重要的工作，例如：控制鐵路和操縱飛機(jī)和飛船。3. For example, they may be better than doctors at doing their job.例如，他們可能比醫(yī)生做得更好。Grammar 形容詞比較級和最高級英語的形容詞有三個(gè)比較等級，即原級(positive degree)，比較級(comparative degree)和最高級(superlative degre

7、e)。一、形容詞比較級和最高級的變化語言觀察1. In the 1940s, the first computers were bigger than cars.2. Now computers are becoming smaller and better.3. This is the cheapest model.4. This is the most expensive model.重點(diǎn)歸納 1. 規(guī)則變化單詞形式構(gòu)成方式例詞單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞一般地，在詞末加-er，-esttall, taller, tallest以-e結(jié)尾的詞，加-r，-stnice, nicer, nicest重

8、讀閉音節(jié)加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的，雙寫輔音字母，再加-er，-esthot, hotter, hottestwet, wetter, wettest以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的，先改y為i，再加-er，-esthappy, happier, happiest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在單詞前加more，the mostcareful, more careful, the most careful;difficult, more difficult, the most difficult2. 不規(guī)則變化以下是部分不規(guī)則形容詞的變化：原級goodbad/illmany/muchlittle比較級betterwor

9、semoreless最高級bestworstmostleast二、基本用法語言觀察1. Miss Li is busier than Mr. Wang.2. You depend on computers more than you realize.3. She is the best singer in our school.重點(diǎn)歸納 1. 表示兩者的比較用比較級，如例句1、2。比較級常用于“比較級+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)中。2. 表示“最”時(shí)用最高級，如例句3。最高級常用語“the+最高級+比較范圍”結(jié)構(gòu)。3. 形容詞最高級前要用定冠詞the。Speaking and Writing詞匯講解I

10、look forward to your reply. 我期待你的回復(fù)。look forward to的意思是“盼望；期待”。特別地，短語中的to是介詞，所以后接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式，即look forward to sth./doing。e.g. Im looking forward to the weekend. 我盼著過周末。 Were really looking forward to seeing you again. 我們非常盼望能再見到你。說的策略指導(dǎo)為了讓口頭報(bào)告更流暢，我們可以嘗試以下的做法：1. 報(bào)告正式開始前，與觀眾打招呼。如Good morning/aftern

11、oon!2. 簡單介紹報(bào)告的內(nèi)容：I would like to talk about,Let me show you。3. 有條理地表達(dá)報(bào)告的內(nèi)容：First of all, I would like to, Let me begin with。4. 運(yùn)用句子重讀原則，讓觀眾容易抓住重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。寫的策略指導(dǎo)1. 在描述物品前，要閱讀表格的內(nèi)容，認(rèn)真對比兩樣物品。2. 在比較物品時(shí)，正確使用形容詞的比較級體現(xiàn)物品的異同，突出要點(diǎn)。3. 我們通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)描述物品。More Practice一、詞匯講解1. The student played computer games on the In

12、ternet all day Saturday without stopping to drink, eat or sleep.周六整天，那學(xué)生都在網(wǎng)上玩游戲，沒有停下來喝水，進(jìn)食或休息。without是“不（做某事）；無；沒”的意思，介詞，后接動詞-ing形式。e.g. He left without saying goodbye. 他不辭而別。2. In the past, students used to play outside more often, but now they spend more time in front of computers.從前，學(xué)生們更經(jīng)常在戶外玩耍，而

13、現(xiàn)在他們卻花更多的時(shí)間在電腦前。Used to是“曾經(jīng)”的意思，用于指過去持續(xù)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事，后接動詞原形， 即used to do sth.。e.g. We used to go sailing on the lake in summer. 從前的夏天，我們常常泛舟湖上。二、句子解析1. Theyll also give some advice on how to use computer for studying.他們也將給出一些如何利用電腦學(xué)習(xí)的建議。疑問詞which，when，where，what，who和how后可加動詞不定式構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。e.g. I want to k

14、now when to leave. 我想知道什么時(shí)候離開。 I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道如何做此事。2. I hope we can all work together to stop students from spending too much time playing computer games.我希望我們能一起努力，阻止學(xué)生浪費(fèi)過多的時(shí)間玩電腦游戲。本句含有兩個(gè)常用的搭配：stop sb. from doing sth.意思是“阻止某人做某事”；spend(in) doing sth.表示“花（時(shí)間）做某事”。所以，句中spend和pla

15、y都要用動詞-ing形式。e.g. We should stop people from polluting the river. 我們應(yīng)該阻止人們污染河流。 He spends all his time preparing for the exams. 他把所有時(shí)間都花在備考上。三、經(jīng)典句記憶1. In the past, students used to play outside more often, but now they spend more time in front of computers.從前，學(xué)生們更經(jīng)常在戶外玩耍，而現(xiàn)在他們卻花更多的時(shí)間在電腦前。2. Theyll a

16、lso give some advice on how to use computer for studying.他們也將給出一些如何利用電腦學(xué)習(xí)的建議。3. I hope we can all work together to stop students from spending too much time playing computer games.我希望我們能一起努力，阻止學(xué)生浪費(fèi)過多的時(shí)間玩電腦游戲。課堂評價(jià)Reading一、根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容及所給首字母完成下面的短文。 Now computers are becoming smaller and better. They are ve

17、ry t_, so you may be u_ of them. However, you d_ on them more than you know. For example, we can use computer to c_ numbers at a faster s_. In a_, we can o_ railways and fly planes and spaceship with computers. Some people think one day computers may be able to do better jobs than human beings. What

18、 will h_ to us if they can do all our jobs?二、根據(jù)句意和所給的首字母完成下列句子。1. There are many spelling mistakes in the letter. You need to t_ it again.2. The main unit is the b_ of a computer.3. A mobile phone has a tiny s_ in it, so we can hear sound from it.4. The book cost me 100 Yuan. It was too e_.5. Guangz

19、hou does a lot of things to c_ the heavy traffic in the city.三、根據(jù)中文提示完成下列句子。1. 在20世紀(jì)90年代， J.K.羅琳開始創(chuàng)作哈利·波特的故事。_ _ _, J.K. Rowling began to write the story of Harry Potter.2. 有些人沒有意識到保持環(huán)境清潔的重要性。Some people _ _ _ the importance of keeping the environment clean.3. 生活上，不要總依靠別人。Dont _ _ others in dai

20、ly life.4. 此外，我們還可以認(rèn)識更多的朋友。_ _, we can know more friends.5. 班上沒有人比她更擅長于跳舞了。No one _ _ _ her at _.6. 我媽媽是一位中學(xué)老師。My mother _ _ middle school teacher.四、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。 (A)Giving someone good news is easy, but what about bad news? Are there any good ways to give bad news without making people too sad? Th

21、e following steps might help:     Say something good Try to start or end the talk with some good news, so that it's not all bad. For example, “You did very well in the interview, but we are going to give the job to somebody else.”     Prepare your listener

22、 for the newsUse phrases to introduce what you're going to say, like “I am really sorry, but”or “I'm afraid I've got some bad news.” This gives the listener time to prepare for what you' re going to say.     Try to give a reasonPeople like to know why things go wr

23、ong. Try to explain the decision. If someone doesnt get the job, can you explain why? If you have to cancel an appointment, try to give a reason.     Make your voice soft If youre giving someone bad news, try to use a soft, calm voice to make you sound kind. Say things to show yo

24、u understand, like “I know this must be disappointing.” (187words)1. What is the passage mainly about?A. Bad news can be good news.B. Good ways to give bad news.C. Its easy to give bad news.D. Giving bad news without trouble. (B) Germs Move Around Like people, germs move around the world. You cant s

25、ee them, but they are on your desk, on your computer, and even in the air! They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu. Warmer Weather Brings Ger

26、ms The worlds weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes, carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches, fever, and can even kill people. Under Your Skin Your skin protects you from germs. It sto

27、ps some germs, but not all. They can enter your body when you eat, or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many germs, and water was

28、hes them away. (177words)2. Which can be the best title for this text?A. Germs Are Everywhere          B. Weather Is ChangingC. Skin Stops Germs                    

29、D. Germs Are Developed Listening聽取信息 Company: Hi-LoPrice eachQuantityTotalPens￥381. _2. _3. _4. _25. _Office chair6. _7. _8. _ Grand total: 9. _Grammar一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. My sister is two years_ (old) than me.2. Johns parents have 3 sons, and John is the _ (young) child.3. The cheapest bag is not alway

30、s the _ (bad) one.4. She will be much _ (happy) in her new school.5 Which officer chair is _(expensive), the red one or the black one?6. Tom has _ (good) marks in English than Alice.7. Beijing is the _ (big) city in China.8. Who has _ (many) stamps, Jim, Helen or Mary?二、語言知識運(yùn)用。1. -I am getting _ eac

31、h month. I cant put on my jeans. -I am afraid you should do more exercise. A. heavyB. heavierC. the heavierD. heaviest2. -Who would you like o be our captain, John or Mark? -I think John will be _. A. goodB. bestC. betterD. the best3. -How do you like our school? -I think it is _ one in the city. A.

32、 beautifulB. more beautifulC. much beautifulD. the most beautiful4. Please clean your shoes. They are too _. A. dirtyB. dirtierC. dirtiestD. the dirtiest5. Allen spent _ time but did _ work than Tony. A. little; muchB. less; moreC. little; moreD. less; much三、根據(jù)中文提示完成下列句子。1. 今天比昨天熱多了。It is much _ tod

33、ay _ it was yesterday.2. 我的書包比她的書包重。My bag is _ _ hers.3. 你們班上誰最受歡迎？Who is_ _ _ student in your class?4. 我們用更低的價(jià)錢買到了電腦，比預(yù)期中的要幸運(yùn)。We bought the computer at a _ _ and we were _ than we expected.Speaking and Writing根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容，完成短文iphone 4iphone 5Length(長度) 11.5cm 12.8cmMonitor 3.5inches 4inchesWeight 140g 1

34、12gPrice ￥4,000 ￥5,000 I am going to buy a mobile phone. Which one is better, iphone 4 or iphone 5? Iphone5 is12.8cm long, so it is longer than iphone 4. _Both of the mobile phones are good. I cant decide which one is better.Speaking and Writing一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Thank you for _ (help) me!2. She went

35、to see a film without _ (tell) her parents.3. Every day he spends an hour _ (practise) the piano.4. Miss Smith told me how _ (use) a dictionary.二、根據(jù)中文提示完成下列句子。1. 讓我們停下來休息一下吧。Lets _ _ _a rest.2. 他一句話都沒說就離開了課室。He left the classroom _ _ a word.3. 從前，媽媽和我經(jīng)常在晚飯后散步。In the past, mother and I _ _ _ a walk a

36、fter supper.4. 熬夜對健康不好。Staying up late_ _ _ your health.5. 這篇文章主要是關(guān)于看太多電視的不良影響。The passage is mainly about the _ _ _ _ too much TV.6. 你能告訴我什么時(shí)候出發(fā)呢？Can you tell me _ _ _?7. 大雨妨礙了我們參加比賽。The heavy rain _ _ _ _ part in the competition.閱讀專題閱讀小助手電腦是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪薪?jīng)常接觸到的物品，隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步發(fā)展，電腦跟我們的生活結(jié)合得越來越緊密，要聯(lián)系平時(shí)的背景知識，在閱讀

37、時(shí)結(jié)合運(yùn)用跳讀和掃讀的方法進(jìn)行解題。 We often hear that computers are cold or not like people, but many people feel more comfortable with the computer than with people in daily life. Computers never feel tired or get angry. They are fast and reliable (可靠的). To some students, when they have problems, they just ask com

38、puters for help instead of teachers. There is even a computer program about solving peoples psychological (心理的) problems. The program becomes popular because many people feel uncomfortable when they talk about their problems with other people. The programmer is worried now, because people are always using this