初中賓語從句總結(jié)

1、初中賓語從句小結(jié)關(guān)鍵詞： 賓語從句                                           一、當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體

2、中常省略。如：she said that she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.她說她會把留言條放在校長桌子上。he said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會在晚飯前完成工作二、當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag.愛麗斯想知道她祖母是否喜歡這個包。i don't know whethe

3、r he'll come the day after tomorrow.我不知道他后天是否會來但直接與or not連用時(shí),往往用whether(ifor not也可以使用)。如：let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= let me know whether or not he will come )讓我知道他是否能來。i don't know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= i don't know whether or not he does any wash

4、ing. )我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。i wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我想知道我們是去還是留。三、如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告訴我我們今天下午將在哪兒開會嗎？i don't know who bought the present for me. is it jack?我不知道誰給我買了禮物。是杰克嗎？下面的表格可以幫助大家理解這一部分內(nèi)容句式連詞語序陳述句that不變一般疑

5、問句if/whether改為陳述語序特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞改為陳述語序賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)從句保留原來時(shí)態(tài)改為過去的某個時(shí)態(tài)客觀事實(shí)和自然現(xiàn)象除外所謂過去的某個時(shí)態(tài)指的是如下的變化一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(was/were doing)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)（had +過去分詞）一般將來時(shí)態(tài)過去將來時(shí)態(tài)（would do;was/were going to do） 復(fù)合句需要注意的幾個問題：復(fù)合句在中考題里面本身較少，重點(diǎn)是賓語從句的題，而且不會超過兩道。賓語從句是用一個句子來充當(dāng)賓語，需要說明的是間接引語很大程度上就是賓語從句。a. 用tha

6、t引導(dǎo) 用它引導(dǎo)本身就是一個陳述句，沒有詞義，句子不缺主干成分，并且that可以省略掉在不正式場合中，并且必須要講究時(shí)態(tài)的一致。b. 用疑問詞引導(dǎo)，疑問詞是有詞義的，而且在句子中有成分，需要強(qiáng)調(diào)在疑問詞引導(dǎo)后，句子是陳述句的樣子.也要講究時(shí)態(tài)的一致。疑問代詞:what which whose whom who 疑問副詞:where when how why 例：professor nelson wanted to know _.(2005年上海中考題)a. when would the conference beginb. when the conference would beginc. w

7、hen will the conference begind. when the conference will begin解析：只要牢牢記住兩個原則 ：陳述句和講究時(shí)態(tài)的一致 就可以做出來，選擇b例：i would like to know _.(2002年上海中考題)a. when will he give back the tape b. whether has he received higher educationc. that he has been busy d. whether she will join in our english evening“解析：同理按照上述分析，也

8、該選擇d 另外說明下，whether和if用的時(shí)候如果后面接不定式或者or not，如果前面有介詞，那么只用whether. 順口溜（1）謂語be的用法我用am，你用are，除此之外的單數(shù)，包括他她還有它，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都是用is，我們你們和他們，只要復(fù)數(shù)都用are（2)一般疑問句和否定句的變化一般問句并不難，謂語調(diào)到主語前。，大寫小寫有變化，句末要把問號加。，第一人稱常變二。，否定句就更簡單，中間加上一not，謂語動詞提到前。（3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)很好記，結(jié)構(gòu)be動詞ing。，be由主語來決定，句中常用標(biāo)志詞，now，look，listen?。?)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，肯定句的現(xiàn)在式。不是三單用原形，是三單就加s，e

9、s，若是否定疑問句，沒有be就加個do，碰到三單加does。如把does加在前，動詞就要還原形。（5)一般過去時(shí)，肯定句的過去式。規(guī)則動詞加ed，不規(guī)則的必須記。否定形式疑問句，沒有be加did。如把did加在前，動詞也要還原形。（6)特殊的形容詞、副詞的比較級、最高級一分為二有兩個，一是遠(yuǎn)來一是老。合二為一共三對，壞病兩多并兩好。還有一詞雙意含，只譯少來不譯小。（7)比較等級的運(yùn)用原級用在asas間，比較級用在than前。and連接兩個比較級，說明“越來越怎樣”。三者以上最高級，副詞前可不加the。still，even，和much，比較級前“更怎樣”。還有alot和alittle，也常修飾比

10、較級。（8）賓語從句賓語從句三要素，引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)。引導(dǎo)詞分三情況，陳述句that可省略。一般疑問句if或whether。碰到特殊疑問句，疑問詞來擔(dān)此任。語序總體為主謂。疑問詞從句主語，語序不必去改變。從句時(shí)態(tài)主句定，如果主句是過去，從句相應(yīng)作改變，客觀真理仍現(xiàn)在。（9)被動語態(tài)牢記一點(diǎn)，be加動詞過去分詞。分析句中主和謂，承受者作主語即被動。短語動詞不可忘介、副詞。另有不及物動詞，只有主動無被動。還要注意其時(shí)態(tài)，與主動語態(tài)全相同。我們在學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用賓語從句時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意以下四點(diǎn)： 一、引導(dǎo)詞的使用1. 當(dāng)賓語從句由陳述句變化而來時(shí)，用that來引導(dǎo)從句，that常無具體意義，一般可省略。例如

11、：lin tao thought（that）the tv play was very boring.2. 當(dāng)賓語從句是由一般疑問句變化而來時(shí)，要用if或whether來引導(dǎo)從句。例如：david asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.3. 當(dāng)賓語從句是由特殊疑問句變化而來時(shí)，原句中的疑問詞充當(dāng)連接代詞（如who， whose， what， which）或連接副詞（如when， where， why， how），引導(dǎo)賓語從句。例如：do you know what we can do on the island？

12、i dont know why jane was late for school this morning.二、語序的陳述化賓語從句一般要用陳述句語序。例如：when did he leave？ i want to know. i want to know when he left.does the shop close at six every day？ do you know？ do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day？三、時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)1. 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，賓語從句可根據(jù)情況使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如

13、：i hear she is here today（she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.）2. 如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句應(yīng)使用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例如：he said he was watching tv（he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school）。3. 如賓語從句所敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象或科學(xué)真理等，從句不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：our teacher told us that light travels faster than

14、 sound.四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為think， believe， suppose等動詞，且主語為第一人稱時(shí)，從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。例如：i dont believe he is here on time， is he？i dont think tom is the best student in his class， is he？賓語從句是目前初三學(xué)生正在學(xué)習(xí)的語法內(nèi)容，也是初中英語的語法重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)。由于賓語從句是由陳述句、一般疑問句或特殊疑問句等轉(zhuǎn)換而來，而且時(shí)態(tài)亦要發(fā)生變化，所以不少學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中容易發(fā)生一些錯誤?，F(xiàn)將賓語從句簡單歸納如下：  賓語從句與其他名詞性

15、從句一樣，也有三種類型：  1由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示陳述意義，連詞that常可被省略。例如：i hope (that) they will have fun. mary said that she felt sleepy. cant you see (that) im a bird? 注意：1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think,believe等時(shí)，賓語從句盡管要表示否定意義，卻不用否定形

16、式，而將think等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健Ｈ纾篿 dont think he will come.我認(rèn)為他不會來。 2）兩個表示陳述意義的賓語從句并列時(shí)，有時(shí)省去第一個從句的連詞that，但第二個從句的連詞that一般不可以省略。如： he told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.

17、0; 2.由從屬連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示“是否（有，能，已經(jīng)）”等一般疑問句的含義。 例如：i wonder whether (if) he lives here. the teacher asked whether (if) they were getting ready for the english evening.如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)“究竟還是不”，常用連詞whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，后面再加or&#

18、160;not或直接在whether后加or not。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。如：id be interested to know whether he will see the film“house of flying daggers”or not.=id be interested to know whether or no the will 

19、see the film“house of flying daggers”.  3.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,how,why等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示“誰，誰的，什么，哪（個，些），何時(shí)，何地，怎樣，為什么”等等特殊疑問句的意義。除了連接詞及被修飾的詞提前以外，賓語從句用陳述句語序。 例如：to masked who could give the message to her mothe

20、r. do you know what he said just now? i wondered how old his brother was.  賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)：1）當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語從句可以用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。 2）主句是過去時(shí)，賓語從句一般只能用過去時(shí)的某種形式；當(dāng)從句敘述的是客觀事實(shí)或一般真理時(shí)，賓語從句仍然用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 3）情態(tài)動詞must一般不用于過去時(shí)，但卻可以用于主句是過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。 做賓語從句練習(xí)要記

21、住“一連詞，二語序，三時(shí)態(tài)”。學(xué)習(xí)賓從三注意：時(shí)態(tài)語序和連詞。 時(shí)態(tài)主從要呼應(yīng)： 主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)隨句意； 主句若為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)變過去； 語序要用陳述序，切莫照搬疑問句。 that連接陳述句，省與不省沒關(guān)系。 從句若表“是否”時(shí)，if, whether 均可以。 特殊問句做賓語，仍用原來疑問詞。 三個問題須記牢，切莫丟東忘了西。i從下列a、b、c、d中選擇一個正確選項(xiàng)填空。1. i don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, i'll tell you a. if; whether b. whether; whet

22、her c. if; that d. if; if2. i don't know _ the day after tomorrow. a. when does he come b. how will he come c. if he comes d. whether he'll come3. could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? a. what b. how c. whether d. where4. could you tell me _ the radio without any help? a. how did he m

23、end b. what did he mend c. how he mended d. what he mended5. i want to know _. a. whom is she looking after b. whom she is looking c. whom is she looking d. whom she is looking after6. do you know where _ now? a. he lives b. does he live c. he lived d. did he live7. do you know what time _? a. the t

24、rain leave b. does the train leave c. will the train leave d. the train leaves8. i don't know _. can you tell me, please? a. how the two players are old b. how old are the two players c. the two players are how old d. how old the two players are9. the small children don't know _. a. what is

25、their stockings in b. what is in their stockings c. where is their stockings in d. what in their stockings10. i can't understand _. a. what does christmas mean b. what christmas does mean c. what mean christmas does d. what christmas meansii. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1. does mr. brown enjoy living in china? coul

26、d you tell us?（改寫句子） could you tell us _ mr. brown _ living in china?2. "does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句） he asked me _ the girl _ some help3. jim is not a student. tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個句子） _ jim _tom is a student.4. when does the train leave? i want to know.（改為含賓

27、語從句的復(fù)合句） i want to know _ the train _.5. they went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫) they _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. did peter come here yesterday? li lei wants to know. (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句) li lei wants to know _ peter _ here yesterday.賓語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練參考答案：i. 15dddcd 6

28、10addbdii. 1. ifwhether; enjoys 2. ifwhether; needed 3. neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. didn't; until 6. whether; came習(xí)題（一）1 the girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. a. took b. take c. takes d. will take2 catherine said that she _ to guangzhou. a. has never gone b. had never gone

29、 c. has never been d. had never been3 the students want to know whether they_ dictionary today. a. had b. has c. will have d. are4 she asked linda if_ go and get some. a. could she b. she could c. she can d. she may5 linda said the moon_ round the earth. a. travelled b. has travelled c. travells d.

30、had travelled答案：1-5 a d c b c習(xí)題（二）1 can you tell me_ you were born, betty? a. who b. what c. when d. that2 i don't know _ they have passed the exam. a. what b. if c. when d. where3 i hardly understand. _ he has told me. a. that b. what c. which d. who4 she didn't know_ back soon. a. whether

31、he would be b. if would he be c. he will be5. i don't know _ he still lives here after so many years. a. whether b where c. what d. when6. do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? a. what b when c why d how7. he asked me _told me the accident. a whom b which c who d whose答案：1-7 c b b a

32、a a c習(xí)題（三）1. they don't know _their parents are. a that b what c why d which2. please tell me _what last year. a. where does your sister work b where did your sister work c where your sister works d where your sister worked3. she asked me if i knew _. a. whose pen is it b. whose pen it was c. wh

33、ose pen it is d. whose pen was it4. you must remember _. a. what your mother said b. what did your mother say c. your mother said what d. what has your mother said5 did you know _? a. who he was looking after b. who was he looking for c. who he is looking for d. who he is looking after6 could you te

34、ll me _? a. when will they leave beijing b. when would they leave beijing c. when they will leave beijing d. when did they leave beijing答案：1-6 b d b a a c習(xí)題（四）1. in the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ who moved my cheese was an interesting book. （北京市東城區(qū)） a. that b. how c. what d. if 2. i

35、don't know _ mr. green will come to see us. he will help us with our english. （杭州市） a. why b. when c. how d. where 3. we never know _ the old man is. they say he is a teacher. （鄂州市） a. what b. who c. which d. where 4. i was told _ bill gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. （重慶市） a.

36、 that how b. how that c. when that d. that when 5. do you know _ ? i'm going to see him. sorry, i don't know. （北京市海淀區(qū)） a. where does mr. li live b. where did mr. li live c. where mr. li lives d. where mr. li lived 6. w here do you think _ he _ the computer? sorry, i have no idea. （南京市） a. ;

37、bought b. has; bought c. did; buy d. does; buy 7. i don't feel very well. mum asked me _ this morning. （重慶市） a. what the matter is b. what is wrong c. what the matter was d. what wrong was 8. where is jack? he is away to spend his holiday. he's gone either to hangzhou or to wuhan, but i'

38、m not sure _ . （南昌市） a. that b. which c. where d. there 答案：14 d a a d 58 c a c ci從下列a、b、c、d中選擇一個正確選項(xiàng)填空。 1. i don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, i'll tell you a. if; whether b. whether; whether c. if; that d. if; if 2. i don't know _ the day after tomorrow. a.i從下列a、b、c、d中選擇一個

39、正確選項(xiàng)填空。 1. i don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, i'll tell you     a. if; whether     b. whether; whether       c. if; that     d. if; if 2. i don't know _ the day after tomorrow.   

40、;  a. when does he come       b. how will he come       c. if he comes        d. whether he'll come 3. could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?    a. what    

41、0;  b. how       c. whether      d. where 4. could you tell me _ the radio without any help?     a. how did he mend    b. what did he mend        c. how he mended   

42、   d. what he mended 5. i want to know _.    a. whom is she looking after        b. whom she is looking     c. whom is she looking                d. w

43、hom she is looking after 6. do you know where _ now?     a. he lives     b. does he live      c. he lived      d. did he live 7. do you know what time _?    a. the train leave  b. does the train

44、leave   c. will the train leave   d. the train leaves 8. i don't know _. can you tell me, please?    a. how the two players are old      b. how old are the two players     c. the two players are how old      d. how old the two players are 9. the small children don't know _.     a. what is their stoc