工程碩士英語學(xué)習(xí)單元8

1、Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and HappinessEssential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness Passage AHappiness and WealthEssential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and HappinessMaslows Hierarchy of Wan

2、tsEssential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness1. soar: to fly, especially very high up in the sky; to increase quickly to a high level an onomatopoeiaExamples: The space shuttle soared into orbit. The price of petrol has soared in recent weeks.Essential English

3、for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness2. concede: to admit that something is true or correct, although you wish it were not true Examples: I conceded that I had made a number of errors. Environmentalists concede that it will not be easy to persuade car drivers to use their

4、vehicles less often.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness3. be likely to: something that is likely will probably happen or is probably trueExamples: Bored people are more likely to be isolated, depressed, demoralized, and lacking in self-esteem. Children

5、who live in the countrys rural areas are very likely to be poor.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness4. self-assessment: when you judge your own work or progressExamples: A man with his knowledge, humour and candid self-assessment must make an excellent i

6、nstructor. By providing the means of sensitive self- assessment it will encourage continuous self-monitoring and progress.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness5. norm: the normal or average standardExamples: Joyces style of writing was a striking departur

7、e from the literary norm . The analysts will have to adhere to the cultural norms of the organisation in order to be successful with their database project.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness6. well-being: the normal or average standardExamples: A good

8、meal promotes a feeling of well- being. We are responsible for the care and well- being of all our patients.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness7. commensurately : matching something in size, quality, or length of timeExamples: Salary will be commensurat

9、e with age and experience. If the clergy had privileges, they also had commensurate duties.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness8. per capita: used to describe the average amount of something in a particular place, calculated according to the number of pe

10、ople who live there Examples: The countrys per capita income rose by 1.2% last year.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness9. paradox: a situation that seems strange because it involves two ideas or qualities that are very different Examples: Its a paradox

11、that in such a rich country there can be so much poverty. Theres a paradox in the fact that although were living longer than ever before, people are more obsessed with health issues than they ever were.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness10. in time: aft

12、er a certain period of time, especially after a gradual process of change and development Examples: He wants to see changes in the company and I am sure he will, in time. Jarvis was a strange man, but in time I got to like him.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and

13、Happiness11. over time: if something happens over time, it happens gradually during a long periodExamples: The research project will be assessed over time. Students are encouraged to consider the way language changes over time.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and

14、Happiness12. substantially: very much or a lotExamples: The deer population has increased substantially in recent years.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness13. well off: having a lot of money, or enough money to have a good standard of livingExamples: Ma

15、ny pensioners are less well-off than they used to be. Tobacco profits jumped 16%, thanks to the growth in smoking in less well-off parts of the world.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness14. dwelling: a house, apartment etc where people live Examples: The

16、 Housing Act is likely to reduce the stock of affordable dwellings substantially.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness15. inversely: if there is an inverse relationship between two amounts, one gets bigger at the same rate as the other gets smallerExample

17、s: In short, there is a negative or inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. The inverse relationship between living costs and childbearing is found throughout the developing world.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happinessn16. affluent: havin

18、g plenty of money, nice houses, expensive things etcExamples: As people become more affluent, so their standard and style of living improves. Consumer goods are a symbol of prestige in an affluent society.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness17. offset: i

19、f the cost or amount of something offsets another cost or amount, the two things have an opposite effect so that the situation remains the sameExamples: Cuts in prices for milk, butter, and cheese will be offset by direct payments to farmers. Profits in GMs computer services were not enough to offse

20、t the huge losses in its automotive operations.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness18. aspiration: a strong desire to have or achieve somethingExamples: Their hopes and aspirations for the future rose as they learned more about the trade.Essential Englis

21、h for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness19. vitiate: to make something less effective or spoil itExamples: Changes at this point may actually vitiate the entire system. Also, if the material is soft it may buckle easily at the inner side of the bend and vitiate the result.E

22、ssential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness20. perception: the way you think about something and your idea of what it is like Examples: Part of the brain controls our perception of pain. She doesnt have a very realistic perception of the situation.Essential Engl

23、ish for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness21. equate sth with: to consider that two things are similar or connectedExamples: Dont equate criticism with blame. Most people equate wealth with success.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Hap

24、piness22. pressing: needing to be discussed or dealt with very soonExamples: Poverty is a more pressing problem than pollution. Survival is the most pressing concern of any new company.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness23. onward: moving forward or con

25、tinuing Examples: His life has a sense of purposive onward movement. The company offers flights to Amsterdam with onward travel to The Hague.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness24. deflate: to change economic rules or conditions in a country so that pric

26、es fall or stop risingExamples: The Government decided to deflate. Simkin hoped to find a way to deflate his opponents argument.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness25. envisage: to think that something is likely to happen in the future; visualiseExamples

27、: I dont envisage working with him again. The scheme cost a lot more than we had originally envisaged.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happiness26. projection: something that you imagine to have particular qualities because of your wishes or feelingsExamples:

28、The Devil is a projection of our fears and insecurities.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happinessn27. boost: to increase or improve something and make it more successfulExamples: The new resort area has boosted tourism. boost somebodys confidence /morale/ego The win boosted the teams confidence.Essential English for Part-time Postgraduate Students, Unit 8 Wealth and Happinessn28. shrink: to beco