動詞的時態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時.

1、動詞的時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時1、 知識鏈接 1.人稱代詞 人稱代詞的意義：代替人或物 人稱代詞的分類單數(shù)復數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱he,she,ithim,her,ittheythem 人稱代詞的主格形式在句中作主語，賓格形式在句中作賓語有時也作表語。 2.句子成分 組成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主語、謂語、賓語、表語、同位語、定語、狀語和補足語等。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分，表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語等是句子的次要部分。主語 主語說明謂語所表示的動作或存在的狀態(tài)的執(zhí)行者。名詞（短語）、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式（短語）、動名詞

2、（短語）和從句等皆可作主語。A light wind disturbed the surface of the water.Nobody can help you expect yourself.Two-thirds of them can play more than two musical instruments.The rich are not always happier than the poor.Whenever you come will be fine.謂語 謂語用來描述主語的行為動作或所處的狀態(tài)。謂語的中心詞是限定動詞，有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。Linda worked for

3、 company for two years.The old man must be sent to hospital at once.I have tried this way three times.What happened last night?賓語 賓語表示動作的對象或者承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。We love peace.Where did you buy it ?We should help the poor.I am in Class Three .The book is on the desk.表語 表語與前面的系動詞一起構成復合謂語，用來說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)

4、、身份等。充當表語的可以是單詞、短語或從句。Andrea is a Canadian.Its surprising that you havent met.My hobby is growing flowers.My wish is to become an artist.They are at work now.狀語 狀語是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或句子的一種成分。它可以表示時間、地點、方式、比較、程度、原因、目的、結果、條件和讓步等。充當狀語的有副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞的-ing形式、動詞的-ed形式、形容詞和名詞等。Tom speaks English very fast.Wait

5、 a moment.I have a few words to say.時間狀語從句在句子中起時間狀語作用的句子成為時間狀語從句。時間狀語從句可以放在句首、句中和句尾。引導時間狀語從句的詞有when，while，before，after等.I feel very happy when you come to see me.They rushed in while we were discussing problems.We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.After you use plastic bags,you m

6、ustnt throw them about.條件狀語從句在句子中作條件狀語的從句成為條件狀語從句。條件狀語從句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有時還可置于主語和謂語之間。在條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。If you heat ice,it will melt.If you ask him,he will help you.If you fail in the exam,you will let him down. 3.簡單句的基本句型主+謂+賓We like sports.He knows what to do next.He began learning English ten

7、 years ago.I have decided to play the flute well.主+系+表He is an IT engineer.The cloth feels smooth.Please keep silent.The river near my house looks more beautiful in the early morning.4.Be在不同人稱、時態(tài)、數(shù)等情況下的各種形式人稱形式現(xiàn)在時態(tài)第一人稱單數(shù)肯定否定amam not復數(shù)areare not第二人稱單數(shù)areare not復數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)isis not復數(shù)areare not 5.do的各種形式形式

8、肯定、否定、縮略式肯定式否定式原形dodo not現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)doesdoes not二、一般現(xiàn)在時概念一般現(xiàn)在時是描述現(xiàn)在或經(jīng)常性的動作性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的時態(tài).三、一般現(xiàn)在時構成do/does四、一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)的構成規(guī)則動詞原形一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)一般動詞加-shelphelpsreadreads以-s，-x，-ch，-sh結尾且讀音為s,z,S,tS,dZ等和以“輔音o”結尾的動詞，加-esexpressexpresseswashwasheswatchwatchesdodoes以“輔音字母y”結尾的動詞，變y為i加-esrelyreliesapplyappliescarrycar

9、ries5、 一般現(xiàn)在時用法1. 表示經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作、存在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段的習慣，也可表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。這些動詞可與等時間狀語連用。often,usually,always，sometimes，frequently,seldom,every day,every week,every year,every morning,in the morning,on Sunday,on Sundays,never She usually gets up at 6:30. I often go to school on foot. I play football after school

10、every afternoon. We have meals three times a day. It seldom snows here. The students often do their experiments in the laboratory. We always care for each other and help (with) each other. I am used to listening to the weather report every morning. He sometimes stays up till midnight to catch up wit

11、h others. Do you usually go to school on Sundays? I enjoy computer games. Does Molly live here? Does he work hard? She speaks Spanish. The book consists of five parts. He is always ready to help others. China is a developing country which belongs to the third world. -Do you sing? -A little.2. 表示普遍真理

12、、客觀規(guī)律、科學事實及格言、警句以及其他不受時間限制的客觀存在 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Metal expands when heated. Hydrogen is a light gas. Light travels faster than sound. Water boils at 100. Two plus four is six. Knowledge comes only from practice. Unpleasant advice,like bitter medicine,has welcome effect

13、. Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.3. 表示按時間表、計劃、安排、規(guī)定將來必定發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)（有時間狀語）。常用的這部分動詞有：be,come,go,stay,arrive,begin,start,leave,go,stop,open,close,return等. The train arrives at 10:30.Theres plenty of time. The final exams take place next week. Our trip starts from Xian tomorrow and fi

14、nishes up in Huashan Mountain the day after tomorrow. He comes back tonight. The meeting begins at 3:30 this afternoon. The plane takes off at 5:00a.m. We leave for Beijing next Friday. The film starts at seven oclock this evening.4. 由連詞if，unless，as soon as,when,once,however等引起的時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句中

15、用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，表示將來 I will discuss this with you when we meet next time. We wont leave until you come. If you arrive,please give me a phone call. As long as it doesnt rain tomorrow,well have a trip on schedule. Ill let you know as soon as I hear from him. Hell go if it is fine tomorrow. I shall be aw

16、ay when he arrives. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives. Mother,I wont go out unless you agree. Dont cry to run before you begin to walk. Ill call you unless it rains the day after tomorrow. Even if it rains tomorrow,the sports meet will take place. We will start as soon as you are re

17、ady. However much advice you give him,he will do exactly what he wants.5. 在某些以here，there開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作 Here comes the bus! There goes the bell! Here they are!6. 在進行體育比賽過程中解說員敘述迅速、短暫動作時，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在進行的或剛才發(fā)生的動作. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu.Mu shoots-a fine shot! Jack throws the ball to John and John catches it.He jumps and casts it into the basket.7. 在戲劇、電影等的劇本或圖片的說明文字中，可用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞表示動作 When the curtain rises,Juliet is sitting at her desk.The phone rings.She picks it up and li