高考冠詞考點(diǎn)歸納

1、太原京翰教育英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)資料高考冠詞考點(diǎn)歸納冠詞是歷年高考的必考知識(shí)點(diǎn),主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇和短文改錯(cuò)題中.雖說(shuō)只有兩類,共三個(gè)(不定冠詞a, an和定冠詞the),但其使用規(guī)則很復(fù)雜,一直是讓考生感到很頭痛的一類命題.本文就近年高考試題中的冠詞考題和有關(guān)考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要分析,以期幫助大家對(duì)冠詞考點(diǎn)的理解和掌握.需要說(shuō)明的是:在近年高考試題中,冠詞考題很少考查某一單獨(dú)考點(diǎn),一般都是一題兩空,涉及兩個(gè)考點(diǎn).縱觀歷年高考試題,冠詞考點(diǎn)主要集中在以下內(nèi)容:一,考查不定冠詞a/an表示個(gè)別或泛指的用法1.have you seen _ pen i left it here this morning. is it

2、 _ black one i think i saw it somewhere. a. a, the b. the, the c. the, a d. a, a析:答案d.此題考察不定冠詞表示泛指的用法.pen和black one在這里都是"泛指",意為本類中非特指的"一個(gè)".本題易錯(cuò)選a,主要是沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到答話者的問(wèn)求證是不是一支黑色的,并不是特指某支黑色鋼筆.2.jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. a./;the b./;an c.

3、 an; an d. the; the析:答案c.此題中airplane為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),其前用不定冠詞an,表示泛指類別中的一個(gè)(是一架飛機(jī)而不是別的).experience此處"經(jīng)歷",是可數(shù)名詞,所以其前要用an,意為"一次令人激動(dòng)的經(jīng)歷".3. she is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she had already made some important discoveries. a. the, the b. the, / c. a, / d. a, the析:答案c.此題考查不定冠詞泛指某類別中的一員以及學(xué)科名詞

4、前不加冠詞用法."是個(gè)新手"要用"a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"做表語(yǔ)來(lái)表示類別,排除a,b.學(xué)科名稱,球類,棋類名詞一般不加冠詞,選c.二,考查定冠詞the特指某一個(gè)人或事物的用法 4.many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places. a. the, the b./,/ c. the, / d./,the 析:c.此題考查定冠詞表示"特指"以及零冠詞表示"泛指"用法.habit后有定語(yǔ)修飾,說(shuō)明是某種&

5、quot;特指"的習(xí)慣,要用定冠詞the.此句中復(fù)數(shù)名詞public places表示類別,是泛指,泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不加the,故public前不加the,又如, people tend to think boys are cleverer than girls .5. the cakes are delicious. he'd like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small. a. a; a b. the; the c. a ;the d. the; a析:答案c.本題考查冠詞的基本用法:不

6、定冠詞a/an表示"泛指",定冠詞表示"特指".第一空指"再一塊",泛指,不定冠詞與序數(shù)詞搭配,表示"有一,再一,另一"之意;第二空含特指之意,即指he吃下去的"第二塊蛋糕."6.mr.smith,there's a man at _ front door who says he has _ news for you of great importance. a. the,/ b. the, the c./,/ d./,the析:答案a.此題是考查定冠詞表示特指以及不可數(shù)名詞前的冠詞用法

7、."前門"是特指的,要用定冠詞the;"消息(news)"此處表"類別"(說(shuō)明帶給你的不是別的東西),不可數(shù)名詞表示類別時(shí)不用任何冠詞,故news前不用任何冠詞.7. in hangzhou mr. green was so struck by _ beauty of _ nature that he stayed for another night. a./,/ b./,the c. the,/ d. the, the析:答案c.此題也是考查定冠詞表示特指以及零冠詞表示泛指用法.beauty是"特指"自然的美,所

8、以其前要加定冠詞the; nature"自然"是泛指外界的事物,是不可數(shù)名詞,其前不用冠詞.三,考查不定冠詞和定冠詞在固定搭配中的用法8.i'd like _ information about the management of your hotel, please. well, you could have _ word with the manager. he might be helpful. a. some, a b. an, some c. some, some d. an, a析:答案a.此題考查不可數(shù)名詞前冠詞用法和和不定冠詞固定詞組用法."

9、;與某人談一談"固定搭配為"have a word with sb". information是不可數(shù)名詞,泛指時(shí)前面用some和不定冠詞,所以答案為a.9.alice is found of playing _ piano while henry is interested in listening to _ music. a./,the b./,/ c. the,/ d. the, the析:答案c.此題考查定冠詞在樂(lè)器前的特殊用法.樂(lè)器前要加定冠詞the; music是不可數(shù)名詞,泛指類別"音樂(lè)"時(shí),其前不加冠詞.10. after wa

10、tching _ tv, she played _ violin for an hour. a. /; / b. the; the c. the; / d. /; the析: 答案d. watch tv是慣用語(yǔ),再如,go to(be in)school/hospital/bed/sea等表示行為動(dòng)作的一些習(xí)慣性用語(yǔ),名詞前不用冠詞.play the violin屬于藝術(shù),樂(lè)器方面用語(yǔ),通常要加定冠詞the.四,考查零冠詞(即省略冠詞)表示泛指及其習(xí)慣搭配用法11.most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different

11、 kind unless they kill them for food. a. the, a b./,a c. the, the d./,the析:答案b.此題考查零冠詞表示"泛指"和不定冠詞表示"類別"的用法.第一空animals在這里屬于泛指,其前不用冠詞;animals of a different kind此處用不定冠詞a,表示"某一種"不同種類的動(dòng)物(無(wú)特指性).12.paper money was in _ use in china when marco rolla visited the country in _ th

12、irteenth century. a. the,/ b. the, the c./,the d./,/析:答案c.本題是考查不定冠詞的習(xí)慣搭配和序數(shù)詞前加定冠詞表示特指用法.in use為慣用語(yǔ),此類不用冠詞的慣用語(yǔ)很多,如:in hospital, in nature, in size, in area, at work, at dinner等.序數(shù)詞前加the;但泛指"在一次",要用不定詞a,如:a second time, a third time等.13.where's jack i think he's still in _ bed,

13、but he might just be in _ bathroom. a. /, / b. the, the c. the,/ d./,the析:答案d.此題是考查零冠詞習(xí)慣搭配以及定冠詞the表示"特指"用法.in bed 為習(xí)慣搭配;又如:by hand, in sight等."在浴室里"是雙方都知道的,"特指"那個(gè)浴室,要用定冠詞the.在如:in the classroom, under the tree等.14. his daughter is always shy in _ and she never dares to

14、make a speech to _ . a. the public, public b. public, the public c. the public, the public d. public, public析:答案b.此題考查零冠詞習(xí)慣搭配以及定冠詞表示"一類人"用法.in public是固定詞組,"公開地,當(dāng)眾地"the public"公從,眾人",表示一類人.五,考查冠詞在表示類別名詞前的用法 15.alexander graham bell invented _ telephone in 1876. a./

15、b. a c. the d. one析: 答案c. 此題考查冠詞表示類別的名詞前的用法.可數(shù)名詞表示類別有三種形式:1)用復(fù)數(shù)形式而不加冠詞,側(cè)重用"多數(shù)都這樣"來(lái)說(shuō)明類別,如:horses are useful.2)不定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用,側(cè)重用"任意一個(gè)都這樣"來(lái)說(shuō)明類別,如:a horse is useful.3)定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用,側(cè)重用"這種特定的,而不是比的"來(lái)說(shuō)明類別,如:the horse is useful.(側(cè)重"是馬,而不是牛,虎或別的")本題側(cè)重"是電話,而不是電燈,電視或別的&

16、quot;,故加the.16.the warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool used. a. the, the b. the, / c./,the d./,/析:答案b.句中毛衣"sweater"是可數(shù)名詞,表示服裝的種類,表種類有三種講法,即a sweater, the sweater 和sweaters,因此可排除選項(xiàng)c,d.短語(yǔ)the sort of修飾物質(zhì)名詞wool, wool表示泛指,其前不加冠詞.此題很多考生誤選a的原因是他們認(rèn)為wool有限定詞used修飾

17、,表特指.其實(shí),這里的used修飾the sort of wool,而非修飾wool,而the wool used如修飾the sorts,不能理解為"所用羊毛的種類"而應(yīng)理解為"所用那種羊毛".六,考查不定冠詞在具體化抽象名詞前的用法17.many people agree that _ knowledge of english is a must in _ international trade today. a. a,/ b. the, the c. the, an d./,the析:答案a.此題考查抽象名詞具體化時(shí)的不定冠詞以及不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指

18、時(shí)不用冠詞的用法.trade是不可數(shù)名詞,泛指類別時(shí)不加任何冠詞,排除b, c, d.knowledge原為抽象名詞,如knowledge指具體"一門學(xué)問(wèn)"或"一門學(xué)問(wèn)的掌握了解"可與不定冠詞連用,a knowledge of english"英語(yǔ)知識(shí)".抽象名詞具體化為表示某種特性,狀態(tài),行為的具體表現(xiàn)形式,常以"a/an+ adj.+抽象名詞"出現(xiàn).再如,a bright future光明的前途,have a good time玩得愉快,receive a warm welcome受到熱烈歡迎,a great

19、help to somebody對(duì)大有幫助,a waste of time浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,make an apology道歉,等等.18.one way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word information. a./ b. the c. a d. one析:答案c.此題同樣是考查抽象名詞具體化時(shí)的不定冠詞用法.此處knowledge指具體"一門學(xué)問(wèn)"或"一門學(xué)問(wèn)的掌握了解"可與不定冠詞連用.19.oh.john _ you gave

20、us! a. how a pleasant surprise b. how pleasant surprisec. what a pleasant surprise  d. what pleasant surprise析:答案c.此題也是考查抽象名詞具體化時(shí)的不定冠詞用法.surprise原為抽象名詞,不可數(shù).但在此處已經(jīng)完全具體化而變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞.題中a pleasant surprise意為"一件令人興奮驚奇的(禮物).但抽象名詞表示具有某種特性,狀態(tài),情感,情緒的人和事,這個(gè)抽象名詞已經(jīng)變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞.七,考查冠詞在比較級(jí)前的用法20.boris has brain. i

21、n fact ,i doubt whether anyone in the class has _ iq. a. a high b. a higher c. the higher d. the highest析:答案b.此題考查不定冠詞在比較級(jí)前表示泛指用法.本題是把boris和整班每個(gè)同學(xué)iq(智商)相比較,所以應(yīng)用比較級(jí),排除a, d. boris有頭腦,我懷疑班級(jí)是否有何人比他的智商更高,所以這里應(yīng)該是"泛指"班里的任何一個(gè)人,不是"特指",比較級(jí)前應(yīng)用不定冠詞a.實(shí)際上句中通過(guò)doubt whether和a higher連用.表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義,意為

22、boris的智商最高.21.if you don't like the red one, take the blue one ok, but do you have _ size in blue this one's a bit tight one. a. a bit b. a bigger c. the big d. the bigger析:答案b.此題考查不定冠詞在比較級(jí)前表示泛指用法.答者說(shuō)這件有點(diǎn)小,問(wèn)是否有(比這一件)大一點(diǎn)(尺寸)的"藍(lán)外衣",并非特指要那一件,而是"泛指",所以用不定冠詞a, the bigger表

23、示"兩者之間某個(gè)較",不合題意.22.if the manager had to choose between the two, he would say john was _ choice. a. good b. the best c. better d. the better析:答案d.此題也是考查比較級(jí)前定冠詞用法.當(dāng)指"(兩個(gè)中)較的那個(gè)"時(shí),要在比較級(jí)前加the. john是兩人之間較好的選擇,所以選d.23.which is _ country, canada or australia a. a longer b. larger 

24、c. a larger d. the larger析:答案d.此題考查比較級(jí)前定冠詞用法.當(dāng)指"(兩個(gè)中)較的那個(gè)"時(shí),要在比較級(jí)前加the.題中詢問(wèn)在canada和australia之間,那個(gè)是較大的國(guó)家.又如:the elder for the two gentlemen(兩個(gè)貴族中年級(jí)較大的那個(gè)).注意:如果題干中沒(méi)有country一詞,則應(yīng)選b.24.it's believed that _ you work, _ result you'll get. a. the harder, the better b. the more hard, the m

25、ore betterc. the harder, a better d. more hard, more better析:答案a.此題考查定冠詞加比較級(jí)在特殊句型中的用法."the+比較級(jí)(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)),the+比較級(jí)(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))"表示"越,越". 八,考查冠詞在其他特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法 25.a bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _ leg. a. a b. one c. the d. his析:答案c.此題考查定冠詞在固定句型中的用法.在動(dòng)詞hit, beat, strike,

26、 catch, grasp, pull等動(dòng)詞后常用句式:vt. +sb. +介詞+the+身體部位.例如:please don't hit her in the(不用her)face.26. _ will make a trip round the world during the coming christmas. a. the evens b. the evens' c. the evenses d. the evenses'析:答案c.此題考查定冠詞在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前的用法.定冠詞用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前,表示全家人,或這一姓氏的夫婦倆.選項(xiàng)d則意為"evens家".27. _ food they're looked! a. how a nice b. what a nice c. how nice d. what nice析:答案d. food是不可數(shù)名詞,前面一般無(wú)不定冠詞.冠詞放在what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中考查.復(fù)習(xí)建議:在復(fù)習(xí)中要把握冠詞用法三要素泛指,特指和習(xí)慣用法.應(yīng)分門別類地歸納常見(jiàn)的使用定冠詞和不定冠詞的幾種情形,使用零冠詞的幾種情形,以及一些固定搭配中冠詞的使用情況.一些特殊的例子要單獨(dú)記憶.如像in