(精品)非謂語動詞——動名詞

1、第十五講：非謂語動詞動名詞教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：掌握動名詞這一語法知識。了解這一語法知識在高考中的應(yīng)用。命題趨勢：動名詞的考點(diǎn)依次為作賓語，作主語，作定語，作表語。一些固定的基本知識應(yīng)記牢。知識點(diǎn)回顧在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式，動名詞，和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。動名詞1.動名詞簡述： 動名詞是三種非謂語動詞的一種。由動詞 +ing 構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動名詞在句中可以作主語、賓語（介詞賓語和動賓）和表語，還可以作定語。同時(shí)，動名詞仍然具有動詞的若干特點(diǎn)，它可以有自己的賓語和狀語。2.動名詞在句中所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑褐髡Z賓語動名詞

2、表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語2.1 動名詞作主語Talking mends no holes.空談無濟(jì)于事。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。Having done the work is an experience you ll never forget.做過這種工作，就會使你永生難忘。注意：動名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞一律用單數(shù)。（詳見上三例）用 It 作形式主語用動名詞作主語時(shí)，和動詞不定式一樣，有時(shí)也用It 作形式主語。It is no use (useless) talking too much. = Talking too much is no use (useless).It

3、is no good crying.= Crying is no good.It trains the ear listening to music. = Listening to music trains the ear.在 there be 句型中只能用動名詞作主語（不用不定式）There is no + -ing.（ .是不可能的）= It is impossible to .= No one can .= It is impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.無法預(yù)言將會發(fā)生什么事情。T

4、here is no getting along with him.= It is difficult to get along with him.他這個(gè)人很難相處。2.2 動名詞作表語His hobby is painting.What he likes best is making jokes.動名詞作表語時(shí)，一般表示比較抽象的習(xí)慣動作，表語和主語常常可以互換。His hobby is painting.Painting is his hobby.What he likes best is making jokes.Making jokes is what he likes best.On

5、e of his bad habits is not speaking clearly.Not speaking clearly is one of his bad habits.2.3 動名詞和不定式在句中做主語和表語的區(qū)別一般情況下兩者區(qū)別不大，有時(shí)可以通用。Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.It is dangerous playing with explosives. = It is dangerous to play with explosives.有時(shí)，動名詞和不定式也有區(qū)別，主要表現(xiàn)在動名詞所表示的動作比較抽象，或者是習(xí)慣性的

6、，而不定式多表示某次比較具體的動作，特別是將來的動作。His hobby is painting.In summer what he wants to do is to paint.2.4 動名詞作賓語Our monitor suggested having a discussion of this subject.The rain prevented us from going out.只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞有：admit 承認(rèn)， appreciate 感激，贊賞， avoid 避免， complete 完成， consider 考慮， delay 耽誤， deny 否認(rèn)， detest

7、討厭， endure 忍受， enjoy 喜歡， escape逃脫， prevent 阻止， fancy 想象， finish 完成， imagine 想象， mind 介意， miss 錯(cuò)過， postpone 推遲， practise 訓(xùn)練， recall 回憶， resent 討厭， resist 抵抗， resume 繼續(xù)， risk 冒險(xiǎn)， suggest 建議， face 面對， include 包括， stand 忍受， understand 理解， forgive 寬恕， keep 繼續(xù)例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a li

8、ttle, please?The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.只能用動名詞作賓語的詞組有：admit to 承認(rèn)， add to 加上， be (get) used to 習(xí)慣于， be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于， be tired of 厭煩 ，be fond of 喜歡，be capable of 有 的能力， be afraid of 為 而害怕， be proud of 為 自豪，驕傲， be successful in 在 成功， be good at 擅長于 ， be interested in

9、對 .感興趣， be engaged in 從事于 .， be busy with 忙于， be sentenced to宣判， burst out 突然， canthelp 禁不住， come to 談到， confess to 承認(rèn)， count on / upon 依靠，信賴， devote oneself to 把 貢獻(xiàn)給 ，dream of 夢想， depend on 依靠， excuse for 為 而原諒， feel like 愿意做什么， give up 放棄， hold off 推遲， insist on 堅(jiān)持， It s worth 值得， It s no use / go

10、od 沒有用 /不好，無益 keep on 堅(jiān)持， know of 對 了解， look forward to 期盼，盼望， lead to 導(dǎo)致， object to 反對， put off 推遲， prevent from 阻止 免受 ，pay attention to 注意， prefer to 比起 更 ， stick to 堅(jiān)持， set about 著手去做， think of / about 想到 /考慮There be 句型中動名詞的使用。There is noneeduseharm + (in) doinghurry例如：When I heard his voice, I c

11、ouldn thelp thinking of my father.Youd better put off having the meeting till next month.動名詞和不定式作賓語，有以下區(qū)別：常見于 like, hate, learn, prefer, love 這些動詞I like skating. But I dontlike to skate today.我喜歡滑冰，但是我今天不想去滑冰。（like skating 是指一貫的，習(xí)慣性的愛好，而like to skate是暫時(shí)的動作）The girl has learned to cook.這個(gè)小姑娘已經(jīng)學(xué)會做飯了。T

12、he girl has learned cooking.這個(gè)小姑娘學(xué)過做飯。learn to do 表示學(xué)會做某事learn doing 表示曾學(xué)過下列詞組中，動名詞和不定式都可以作賓語，但區(qū)別很大：（ 1） stop doing / to do stop to do 停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事。（ 2） forget doing / to do forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 （未做）forget doing 忘記做過某事。 （已做）（3） remember doing / to do remember to do 記得去做某事（未做）rem

13、ember doing 記得做過某事（已做）（4） regret doing / to do regret to do 對要做的事遺憾。 （未做） regret doing 對做過的事遺憾、后悔。 （已做）（5） cease doing / to docease to do 長時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。 cease doing 短時(shí)停止做某事，以后還會接著做。（6） try doing / to do try to do 努力，企圖做某事。try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。（7） go on doing / to do go on to do 做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doi

14、ng 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。（8） be afraid of doing / to dobe afraid to do不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為“怕”。 be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心出現(xiàn) doing 的狀況、 結(jié)果。 doing 是客觀上造成的， 意為生怕， 恐怕。（9） be interested in doing / to do be interested to do 對做某事感興趣，想了解某事。be interested in doing對某種想法感興趣，doing 通常為想法。（ 10） mean doing / to do mean to do 打算去做

15、某事mean doing 意味著某事（11） begin (start) doing / to do begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth（ 12） learn to do / doing learn to do 表示學(xué)會做某事learn doing 表示曾學(xué)過2.5 動名詞作定語例如：drinking water 飲用水walking stick 手杖smoking room 吸煙室動名詞作定語一般表示所修飾詞的用途2.6 動名詞定語和不定式定語的區(qū)別動名詞定語在它所修飾詞的前面，而不定式定語要放在它所修飾詞的后面。The swimm

16、ing pool belongs to our school.I have something important to do.動名詞定語表示所修飾詞的用途或使用目的，而不定式定語表示的動作性較強(qiáng)，所修飾詞往往是不定式的承受者（邏輯賓語）。He wants to improve his teaching method.Do you have anything to say?3.動名詞的否定式和動名詞短語3.1 動名詞的否定式：not + 動名詞I must apologize not letting you know ahead of time.His not getting to the s

17、tation on the time makes everyone worried.3.2 動名詞短語物主代詞 /名詞的所有格+ 動名詞此時(shí)物主代詞和名詞的所有格是這個(gè)動名詞的邏輯主語，動名詞短語可以作主語、語（動詞賓語和介詞賓語）表語和賓Li Ming s being late made his teacher very angry.I think the big problem is their not having enough time.Do you mind my leaving now?4.動名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)4.1 動名詞的時(shí)態(tài)動名詞的一般式表示泛指的一般性動作， 即動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間

18、并不明確；的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在它的動作之后發(fā)生。 I m looking forward to seeing you soon.或者動名詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞動名詞的完成式所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。You regret not having taken the doctor s advice, do you?Thank you for having helped me so much.4.2 動名詞的語態(tài)動名詞被動語態(tài)當(dāng)動名詞邏輯上的主語是動名詞所表示的動作的對象時(shí)，動名詞一般要用它的被動式。The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.Before being used, the machine must be checked.動名詞的主動形式代替被動形式主語（通常是物）+wantneedrequire（需要）+ doing （動名詞的主動形式）deserve（值得）=主語+ want/ need/ re