杰克倫敦的浪漫主義情結(jié)

1、 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文從巴克的多重性格看野性的呼喚中杰克倫敦的浪漫主義情結(jié)學(xué) 生 姓 名 張忠彥 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 張 泳 專 業(yè) 英 語 學(xué) 院 外語學(xué)院 2014 年 04 月 12 日Harbin University of Commerce Graduation ThesisJack Londons Romantic Complex Perceived from Bucks Multiple Personality in The Call of the WildStudent Zhang Zhongyan Supervisor Zhang Yong Special

2、ty English Language School School of Foreign Languages April 12, 2014畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書姓名：張忠彥學(xué)院：外語學(xué)院班級：10 級 1 班專業(yè)：英語畢業(yè)論文題目：Jack Londons Romantic Complex Perceived from Bucks Multiple Personality in The Call of the Wild從巴克的多重性格看野性的呼喚中杰克倫敦的浪漫主義情結(jié)立題目的和意義： 野性的呼喚是杰克倫敦著名的動物小說之一。作為現(xiàn)實主義作家，杰克倫敦卻有著超越現(xiàn)實生活中自我矛盾和渴望自

3、我個性的解放，渴望自由的浪漫主義，這種情結(jié)在他的動物小說中體現(xiàn)的最為明顯。筆者認(rèn)為這部小說更能體現(xiàn)作者探索自我和追求自由的浪漫主義情結(jié)。本文從主人公巴克的多重性格視角，通過對其抗?fàn)幒头磁丫?，自我矛盾，自我解放及渴望自由的性格分析來解讀杰克倫敦的浪漫主義情結(jié)，對于研究作者傳奇的人生及其作品具有引導(dǎo)意義。技術(shù)要求與工作計劃：技術(shù)要求：1 調(diào)查語篇。利用多種途徑查閱英漢習(xí)語相關(guān)資料，如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、圖書館等。2 分析文獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)，從查閱到的大量資料中篩選精品來重點分析。3 在初稿的擬定以及多次修改當(dāng)中深化對題目意義的理解。4 通過導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)和一系列的分析得出結(jié)論，并通過答辯來檢驗工作的成果。工作

4、計劃： 第一步：查找資料，確定論文選題。 第二步：完成關(guān)于論文的調(diào)研，取得相關(guān)資料。 第三步：根據(jù)掌握的調(diào)研資料，進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)地分析、整理，找到問題切入點。 第四步：閱讀與論文相關(guān)的書刊，以及國家的各種統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，從理性上加以分析。 第五步：組織、整理相關(guān)資料，準(zhǔn)備論文撰寫。 第六步：完成論文寫作提綱。 第七步：開始論文寫作，形成初稿。 第八步：根據(jù)導(dǎo)師提出的論文修改意見，完成論文寫作。 第九步：論文定稿、打印、裝訂、準(zhǔn)備答辯。 第十步：畢業(yè)論文答辯。時間安排：1. 12 月 20 日前擬定出具體論文題目，與指導(dǎo)教師見面商議定題。2. 12.月 25 日將詳細(xì)提綱交送到導(dǎo)師處。3. 12 月 30

5、日開題。4. 1 月 1 日4 月初收集資料，提交完整的初稿。5. 4 月 20 日中期檢查。6. 4 月 21 日5 月末修改論文。7. 6 月上旬，定稿，打印裝訂。8. 6 月 15 日20 日論文答辯。指導(dǎo)教師要求：1.嚴(yán)格按照與導(dǎo)師溝通過確定的論文選題，指導(dǎo)教師提出的技術(shù)要求，工作計劃和時間安排，獨立完成論文寫作任務(wù)。2.盡可能收集相關(guān)材料，理論聯(lián)系實際，利用自己所收集到的材料及學(xué)到的知識解決問題。3.論文寫作應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行學(xué)校及學(xué)院的論文寫作規(guī)范及規(guī)定。4.注明引文文獻(xiàn)出處，杜絕抄襲。5.論據(jù)要充分，結(jié)構(gòu)要完整，注意表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性。（簽字） 年 月 日教研室主任意見：（簽字） 年 月 日院

6、長意見：（簽字） 年 月 日畢業(yè)論文審閱評語畢業(yè)論文審閱評語一、指導(dǎo)教師評語：指導(dǎo)教師簽字：年 月 日畢業(yè)論文審閱評語畢業(yè)論文審閱評語二、評閱人評語：評閱人簽字：年 月 日畢業(yè)論文答辯評語及成績畢業(yè)論文答辯評語及成績?nèi)⒋疝q委員會評語：四、畢業(yè)論文成績：專業(yè)答辯組負(fù)責(zé)人簽字： 年 月 日五、答辯委員會主任單位： （簽章） 答辯委員會主任職稱： 答辯委員會主任簽字： 年 月 日 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 i摘摘 要要野性的呼喚作為杰克倫敦著名的動物小說之一，最能體現(xiàn)作者探索自我和追求自由的浪漫主義情結(jié)。他的這種浪漫主義情結(jié)主要體現(xiàn)在他典型的個人主義，對大自然的熱愛，對自由的追

7、求和對愛的渴望。從主人公巴克的多重性格視角，通過對其抗?fàn)幒头磁丫?，自我矛盾，自我解放及渴望自由的性格分析來解讀杰克倫敦的浪漫主義情結(jié)，對于研究作者傳奇的人生及其作品具有引導(dǎo)意義。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞：杰克倫敦；浪漫主義情結(jié)；野性的呼喚 ；巴克 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 ii AbstractThe Call of the Wild is one of jack Londons famous animal novel. This romantic complex is mainly reflected in his typical individualism, love of na

8、ture, the pursuit of freedom and the longing for love. This novel can best reveal Londons romantic complex of self-exploration and the pursuit of freedom. This article, from the hero Bucks multiple personality perspective, is through the struggle and the rebellious spirit, self contradiction, emanci

9、pation and the desire for freedom of Bucks personality feature to interpret Jack Londons romantic complex, which has an instructive significance to study the authors legendary life and his works.Key words: Jack London; romantic complex; The Call of the Wild; Buck 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 iiiContents 摘

10、 要iAbstractii1 Introduction12 Jack Londons Romantic Complex42.1 American Romanticism42.2 Jack Londons Romantic Complex53 Bucks Multiple Personality93.1 Spirit of Rebellion and Belief of the Survival of the Fittest93.2 The Desire for Freedom and Nature134 Jack Londons Romantic Complex and Its Reflect

11、ion on Jack London18Conclusion22Bibliography25Acknowledgements27 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 1 1 IntroductionThe Call of the Wild is Londons most popular work and is considered the masterpiece of his so-called “early period.” H.L.Menken wrote of Londons story: “No other popular writer of his time did any

12、 better writing than you will find in The Call of the Wild” (Doctorow 4).As Doctorow points out, it is good episodic writing that embodies the style of magazine adventure writing popular in that period. “It leaves us with satisfaction at its outcome, a story well and truly told”(Pizer 107).Jack Lond

13、on is one of the most outstanding and active writers in the age of American Realism. The Call of the Wild was published in 1903,which secured London a place in the canon of American literature.In the early 19 century, America began the west expansion, and the territory soon expanded to the west coas

14、t of California. The unprecedented gold rush not only stimulated the westward expansion but also boosted the development of the west of American. Before the gold rush, gold was also discovered near Los Angeles and in southern California. Due to the backward economy, the Indians did not attach much i

15、mportance to gold. Because the limit of communication with other states, the news of discovery of gold could not spread widely.While in California, the immigrants coming improved the native economy, and they all saw the profit. That is why people from all over the world came here. The Gold Rush bega

16、n on January 24,1848 when gold was discovered by James Marshall at Sutters Mill in Coloma, California. News of the discovery soon spread, resulting in many people coming from the rest of the United States and all abroad. By 1897,Jack London had traveled around the United States and returned to Calif

17、ornia. He then sailed to the Klondike by way of Alaska during the hei9ght of the Klondike Gold Rush and this was the setting for some of his first successful stories. “It was in Klondike I 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 2found myself”(Barnes 23).He said the experience later. London stayed in the Klondike fo

18、r almost a year, however, he developed scurvy and returned to San Francisco because fresh produce was unavailable in the Arctic winter.In Alaska, London found the material that inspired him to write the novel The Call of the Wild. The road to Klondike is too steep and harsh for the prospectors to na

19、vigated the only route the White Pass, which became known as “Dead Horse Pass”, where horse carcasses littering the road. Therefore dogs replaced horses to transport material over the pass, and at that time strong dogs with thick fur were “much desired, scarce and high in price”(Barnes 301).London w

20、ould have seen many sled dogs in his journey. And later he wrote a letter to his friend Marshall Latham Bond, who possessed a mixed St. Bernard-Scotch Collie dog, “Yes, Buck is based on your dog at Dawson”(Tavenier 242). He first proposed a story about his adventure in Alaska to the San Francisco Bu

21、lletin but rejected ,and later he wrote a short story about a dog named Batard, who killed his master at the end of the story. Then London expected to write a short story companied to Batard, but he explained: “but it got away from me, and instead of 4000words it ran 32,000 before I could call a hal

22、t”(Labor 40).Although Jack London is regarded himself as realistic writer, but The Call of the Wild has a strong flavor of Romanticism. Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin demonstrates that while the call is a “naturalistic, a mythical, and an archetypal novel, it is also a romantic bookin which London cre

23、ated a world vibrantly alive and through which his own passionate love of municates itself to even the most jaded reader”(6).London put special emphasis on imagination and illusion. The title, The Call of the Wild is very lyrical, giving an infinite imagination. The description such as “wilderness A

24、urora borealis cold shining overhead, sometimes beating in the dance, the stars and the earth under the ice and snow in cold numbed and froze”(105), has a very strong sentiment, and the language is very elegant and beautiful. 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 3The romanticism is not a general sense bluntly, bu

25、t combined with realism. London took dog as the protagonist and endowed him humans personality and experiences, in fact, the dog Bucks multiple personality and experiences are reflections of the writers romanticism complex. 2 Jack Londons Romantic Complex 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 4Although jack London

26、 was known as a realism writer, because of his growth environment, he had a personality with romantic feature. His life was full of romance, adventures which accompanied by his romantic complex. The romantic complex can be found mainly in his education, ideology, individualism, rebellious spirit and

27、 love of nature and the unremitting pursuit of dreams and freedom. 2.1 American RomanticismRomanticism refers to an artistic and intellectual movement originated in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individuals experience of emotion

28、 and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. The romantic period of American literature stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War.Although greatly influenced by their English

29、counterparts, the American romantic writers revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. First, the American national experience of “pioneering into the west” proved to be a rich source of material for American writers to draw upon. They celebrated A

30、mericas landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, groves, endless prairies, streams, and vast oceans. The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral 1aw. Second, the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of Amer

31、ican literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in Coopers Leather Stocking Tales, in Thoreaus Walden and, later, in Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Third, with the growth of American national consciousness, American character types speaking local dialects appeared in poetry and f

32、iction with increasing frequency. Then the American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and American Romanticism. One of the manifestations is the fact that American 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 5romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English

33、and European counterparts. Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers.2.2 Jack Londons Romantic Complex Although Jack London is regarded as a realistic writer, living in America, a co

34、untry which was built up from nothing with a romantic legend, London also has the national romantic personality and spirit of adventure. At the turn of the century, American is undergoing a tremendous change of turning the agricultural country to industrial power. While the social change brought by

35、industrialization conflicts with American republican ideal, then the euphoria will come disappointment, and the feeling of unease begins to trouble the whole nation. And, people widely desire for returning back to the traditional society, for getting rid of the restraint of civilization and withdraw

36、ing from society and live in solitude. This also has provided the soil for Londons romanticism. London lived in a romantic life, in which his romantic personalities were involved. “Strikingly handsome, full of laughter, restless and courageous to a fault, always eager for adventure on land or sea, h

37、e was one of the most attractive and romantic figure of his time”(http/ His romanticism reflects on the following aspects. First, he is a typical Individualism which is one of American personality features. And his individualism stems from a kind of inferiority complex and sense of shame as the iden

38、tity of an illegitimacy. In order to shake off them, he quests for success at all costs and tries to make everything perfect. It seems that only in this way he can realizes his value, but at the same time, he stepped into idealism, trying to create an ideal world. From his family background which wa

39、s full of fervent dream, he greatly took after his parents. His father, Professor W.H. Chaney was a faithful astrologer and he spent most of life time on astrology. 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 6And for all we know, astrology was a metaphysical subject, which was non-rational and impractical. But Chaney p

40、erceived it as the right science and regarded it as his faith. In order to promote astrology, he can make free public speech, free tuition for students even spent his own money. This was his idealism, also his subjective perception on nature. Although he didnt admit father-child relationship with Lo

41、ndon, they are amazingly like. To Londons mother, she was not only a astrologer but also zealous for sance, announcing to communicate with the death. She was quite an idealist. Born in the family like that, though London did not live with his father, but with his mother, a romanticism who gave the p

42、riority to her won faith and ideal, no matter from the blood relationship or family relationship, he had inherited romantic gene. From the educational aspect, despite his lack of a formal education, his desire and pursuit for knowledge was endless. From the age of eight, he found his lifetime friend

43、-book, and some of them had played decisive role in his life, such as “Alhambra” by Irving Stone; Garfields Biography; Ouidas long Victorian novel “Signa”, a lyrical tale telling about a pair of Italian farm girl and an illegitimate child of street artists who grow up poor become great composer in I

44、taly, “While London practice the story naturally”(Irving 8).London also credited this as the seed of his literary success. We can see it clearly that these are the books about sailing, traveling, adventure, expedition, all having extremely strong romantic color. And in his ninety days of hunting sea

45、ls, he repeatedly read Melvilles Moby Dick, a representative work of romantic writer. His most romantic feature dwelled in his deepest love for nature and freedom. From his life we can see that he was eager to seek adventure and enjoyed the excitement and thrill that nature brought. And He adopted t

46、he romantic philosophical ideas from Nietzsche, an ultra-romantic individualist, and the idea of Marxism in a well-developed capitalistic country. The romantic personality had accompanied London throughout his life. “At the turn of the century, the transition of the old and the new, his name has bec

47、ome synonymy for striving for 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 7fame and romantic adventure”(Irving 9).From nothing to becoming the highest paid and best known novelist in American at that time, Jack Londons, in itself, was a Cinderella-type of romantic story. As a illegitimacy, Jack London was born poor and

48、he had to work since childhood to support the family. In order to get high income, he became oyster pirate in his teens and began his adventurous sea journey at seventeen. After he also had experienced being coal worker and hobo. After the beginning of the Klondike Gold Rush, London also followed th

49、e crowd, although no gold was brought, the experience provided valuable sources for his writing. In making friends, London always kept the romantic style. He was kind and hospitable, and never doubted anyone around, even to the man whom he had never met. Julian Hawthorne introduce him in Los Angeles

50、 Observer and said: “Take a look at Mr. London is enjoyable. He is like a great bear, simple and straightforward”(Irving 177). He was quite willing to help people who ask for help expecting nothing return. There were many “l(fā)ike-minded” friends on his boat when he began his sailing. And he gave them

51、reasonable wages, even to the boy who learned to cook in order to get on the boat. In addition, the most romantic feature in his personality was the deep love for nature. Irving Stone made an evaluation in Sailor on Horseback, “He loves nature, not only for the beauty, but her strength, the terrible

52、 force of governing mankind”(66). We can see that London, not only loved nature but also adored her beauty and vitality. His love for the sea was a best reveal. At the age of fourteen, he saved money and bought a small boat. For the dream of “sleeping on the sea”, he spent one year on the work that

53、common one can not suffer. He named his autobiography Sailor ion Horseback, in which the “sailor” was intentional aiming at expressing his enthusiasm and love of the sea. Both the “sea” and “sailor” were the symbol of freedom and dream. Close to the “horse” and “sea” indicated his infinite love for

54、nature and the desire for blending in nature. As he wished, he was buried on the dome after 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 8his death, where he would be together with the nature. Besides, he had a special kind of complex for Wolf and even called himself “wolf”. He has a fanatical worship to wolf so that he

55、built the Wolf House at all costs. Wolf is the symbol of primitive nature and ferity, also the symbol of conquering nature.His life was full of dreams and he fought for them all his life even at the cost of his life. For the dream of “sleep on the sea”, he began his marine adventure as a teenager an

56、d worked as a sailor to hunt the seal in uninhabited area near the Arctic; For his socialism, he became a hobo, even was arrested; For his “Golden Dream”, he fought with the astringent nature; For traveling around the world, he invested heavily to build ships; And for his Wolf House, he gave all he

57、had. His desire and pursuit for the dream has never stopped.3Bucks Multiple Personality The Call of the Wild is jack Londons most famous animal novel, through the description of the hero Bucks character change and growth from a gentle dog into a pack leader of wolves, embodies the real psychological

58、 journey of Jack London himself. The spirit of rebellion against the real oppression and the pursuit of freedom, love of nature, the longing for love on Buck character is also a reflection of jack Londons romantic character. 哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 93.1 Spirit of Rebellion and Belief of the Survival

59、of the Fittest As a work with romanticism, Jack London used a lot of ink to create a strong image of super dog, Buck, who dared to face up with the reality, had a better perspective on life and was filled with the spirit of resistance and passion of fight. This image also gave an illustration of “Na

60、tural Selection and Survival of the Fittest”.At the beginning of the story, the author puts an implication to the protagonists life-changing opportunity that people discovered gold in Klondike and men were dragged from all over the world into the frozen North. Because the road to the Klondike is in