英語寫作常見錯誤分析

1、英語寫作中常見錯誤分析英語寫作中常見錯誤分析5種用詞錯誤；6種常見句子錯誤；常見語法錯誤；句子改錯練習(xí)；5種用詞錯誤1.誤解詞義導(dǎo)致用詞錯誤寫作時，選用自己沒有完全掌握詞義或用法的單詞、組詞造句，是造成用詞錯誤的原因之一如： （1） The young man always puts on leather shoes （2） Both salt and sugar are easy to melt in hot water. （3） It is uneasy for the children to do such a thing1）The young man always wears leat

2、her shoes（put on表示穿的動作，不表示穿著的狀態(tài)，而此句表達(dá)的意思是“穿著”，而不是“穿上”。） （2）Both salt and Sugar are easy to dissolve In hot water（melt常指物體經(jīng)加熱后熔化或者易溶物質(zhì)受熱溶化，不指溶質(zhì)在溶劑中溶解。） （3） It is difficult for the children to do such a thing。（uneasy是由前綴un+詞根easy構(gòu)成，在古英語中有“不容易”的意思。但在現(xiàn)代英語中， uneasy已不表示easy的反義“不容易”了。而是“心神不安”的意思 ） 2. 不符合英語

3、習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致的用詞錯誤 （1） We all hope him to get the first prize. （2） Mr. Smith denied my invitation to a dinner party. （3）Who is responsible for this department？ （4） She will probably be elected woman chairman.1）We all expect him to get the first prize（hope的用法只有hope to do sth或hopethat從句結(jié)構(gòu)，卻不能說hope sb， to do st

4、h。 ） （2）MrSmith declined my invitation to a dinner party。（deny可作“拒絕接受”講，不過當(dāng)表示“拒絕接受邀請”時，英語習(xí)慣一般不用deny an invitation） （3）Who is in charge of this department？（responsible for通常指對某件事的后果負(fù)責(zé)。如果指時某一方面的工作或某一部門的工作負(fù)責(zé)，就不能用be responsible for。） （4）She will probably be elected chairwoman（woman chairman，是一個詞語搭配問題。一般

5、來說。在表示職業(yè)的名詞前加上man或woman可以區(qū)別男女: a woman doctor, a woman writer ,但是“女主席”、女議長”，則不能用woman作定語,另外，英語中某些固定搭配，決不可以隨便改變其結(jié)構(gòu)或任意添加、省略其中的某些成分，否則就會造成不符合慣用表達(dá)的用詞錯誤。）3.大詞小詞濫用大學(xué)英語作文題一般限于生活、常識方面的內(nèi)容所以，在具體寫作中，學(xué)生應(yīng)盡量避免使用大詞尤其生僻的詞。用好大詞，并使其與整篇作文相融合是很難的。弄不好就會弄巧成拙，事倍功半。例： （1） I comprehended his statement （2） While we are eatin

6、g breakfast, he engaged in an animated conversation （3）He will come in the event that it stops raining. （4）Chongqing people are enthusiastic and uninhibited.（1） I understood what he said（2）While eating breakfast，we have a lovely talk（3）He will come if it stops raining（4）Chongqing people are enthusia

7、stic and open. 建議把有限的時間用于對核心詞匯的掌握努力做到熟練運用這些最常用的詞充分表達(dá)自己的思想。4.誤用詞性典型的這類錯誤有：錯把名詞當(dāng)動詞用，形容詞、副詞誤用，如： （l） My teacher adviced me not to go out alone at night。 （2） She doesnt aware of the importance of the study of English. （3）Many people present at the meeting. （4） To do this beyond my power （5）This road goe

8、s straightly from our school to the center of the city.以上5句錯例可改正如下：（1） My teacher advised me not to go out alone at night（2） She isnt aware of the importance of the study of English.(3) Many people were present at the meeting. (4) To do this is beyond my power.(5) This road goes straight from our sc

9、hool to the center of the city.英語中有許多形容詞具有動作含義，當(dāng)它們作表語時，千萬不要忘了加連系動詞，常見的這類形容詞 absent， abundant， active， accurate， afraid， alive， asleep， awake， aware， available， backward， busy， downward，faithful，feasible，fond，keen，present，late，responsible，worried，concerned，interested等。5.漢語思維導(dǎo)致的用詞錯誤在寫作過程中，學(xué)生由于對英、漢兩種語言

10、、文化間的差異，以及不同文化背景所產(chǎn)生的不同思維方式導(dǎo)致用詞錯誤。1） Excessive smoking will injure your body. 2） Through inquiry， we learn that he was elected to a new leading post， 3） We are going to visit the exhibition next week 4） In the basketball game, our team won the British team. 5）We all enjoy public medical care.（1）Exces

11、sive smoking will injure your health （2） On inquiry， we learn that he was elected to a new leading post （3） We are going to see the exhibition next week （4） In the basketball game， our team beat the British team， （5）We all enjoy free medical care.6種常見句子錯誤1.非完整句錯誤一個意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子至少有主語和謂語兩部分，祈使句除外。若將句子中的某

12、一部分當(dāng)做一個句子，就會導(dǎo)致非完整句錯誤。學(xué)生在句子的完整性方面常常犯以下錯誤：1）非獨立性從句單獨成句非獨立性從句指那些由關(guān)系代詞（who，whom，whose，which，what，that）、關(guān)系副詞（when，where，how）或從屬連ii after，before。although，as、if， because、until。unless等）引導(dǎo)的句子。這些句子只能在主句中起一個句子成分的作用，因而不能脫離主句而獨立存在。一旦脫離主句就會出現(xiàn)非完整句錯誤。如： We must try hard to learn English well. Because It will be ver

13、y useful in our future work We must try hard to learn English well，because It will be very useful in our future work 這種錯句的修改只要根據(jù)具體情況把從句歸屬到主句中去就可以了，當(dāng)然標(biāo)點和大小寫需要做相應(yīng)調(diào)整.2) 現(xiàn)在分詞獨立成句現(xiàn)在分詞短語以及它的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中往往充當(dāng)狀語，表示原因、目的、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況等。如： They got up early that morning. Hoping to catch up the 630 train to Hong Kong T

14、hey got up early that morning， hoping to catch up the 630 train to Hong Kong 對于現(xiàn)在分同短語形式的非完整句。最好的辦法就是改一下標(biāo)點和大小寫，視語義關(guān)系的緊密程度把它并人前面或后面一句，使其充當(dāng)句子的附屬成分。當(dāng)然也可以加上它的邏輯主語，讓它真正獨立成句。（3）細(xì)節(jié)補充獨立句 句子的細(xì)節(jié)補充部分，例如舉例、羅列、補充說明等一般是既不含主語也不含謂語的一組詞語的羅列，如果以句子的形式出現(xiàn)肯定是錯句。It is hard to keep with monthly payments Such as telephone， e

15、lectric， and gas billIt is hard to keep with monthly payments， such as telephone， electric， and gas bill與漢語這種講究“意合”的語言不同，英語嚴(yán)格要求“形合”，即每一個句子都要有自己的主、謂語，否則就被視為錯句，非完格句。4）無主語句無主語句就是缺少主語的非完整句。如： Tom dreamed of the day that he would have lots of money. And would use it to buy a nice house。 Tom dreamed of th

16、e day that he would have lots of money， and would use it to buy a nice houseWhile sitting In class， she realized she had lost a ring. But happily found it on the floor after class While sitting In class, she realized she had lost a ring But she happily found it on the floor after class. 這種錯誤的出現(xiàn)也是由于學(xué)

17、生受漢語的影響，誤以為既然動作是由同一主體發(fā)出，前句的主語就可以同樣作用于后句，沒有必要再重復(fù)了。如果是在一個并列句當(dāng)中，這種做法是正確的，問題就出在又把它寫成了獨立的句子：這映了部分學(xué)生對并列句的掌握不夠扎實，同時和其他錯句錯誤一樣，沒有培養(yǎng)出良好的英語語感也是一個很重要的原因。2. 主動和被動錯誤在句子寫作中，要避免語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換，因為語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換會不可避免地造成主語的轉(zhuǎn)換：這些轉(zhuǎn)換都會破壞句子連貫性，從而使句子顯得拙劣、別扭。如： As soon as the written examination has been finished by the student， he must take

18、the oral examination， As soon as the student has finished the written examination， he must take the oral examination.We climbed to the top of the mountain and a tent was rented for the night.We climbed to the top of the mountain and rented a tent for the night.在英語寫作中，尤其是日常寫作中，并不提倡使用被動語態(tài)，這一點對以英語為母語的人

19、來講也是一樣。但提倡并不等于絕對不能使用被動語態(tài)。在某些特定情況下，被動語態(tài)的使用還是相當(dāng)必要的。例如在表達(dá)諸如 “據(jù)說，據(jù)報道”等沒有必要指明動作發(fā)出者時，“It is said”就比“People say that”或“The mass media reported that”要簡潔、地道得多。2. 單句中謂語過多Im come from Anhui, There has many mountains in my hometown.Im a student like singing, playing basketball and I like read. 3.主謂不一致錯誤。主謂不一致是學(xué)

20、生寫作中最常見的錯誤之一。而這一點更多地是一個語法基本功的問題。具體來說以下6點：1）存現(xiàn)句中的主謂一致 存現(xiàn)句中，如果有數(shù)個主語并列，動詞的數(shù)一般與離它最近的那個一致。如： There are a small bed， a wooden table and two old-fashioned chairs in my bedroom There is a small bed， a wooden table and two old-fashioned chairs in my bedroom 但主語如果是幾個并列的單數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如： There are a boy， a girl an

21、d a teacher in the classroom2）帶修飾浯的主語與謂語一致 當(dāng)一個主浯后跟以with，as well as，together with, like, rather than， except，but，including，accompanied besides等詞語開始的修飾語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)只與主語本身保持一致。如： John as well as the rest have agreed to come。 John as well as the rest has agreed to come 主語中如果有all of， most of， lots of， some o

22、f等修飾限定語，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與這些詞之后的名詞一致: Most of the water in this area are pollutedMost of the water in this area is polluted（3）主謂一致問題中的就近原則 neither.nor，either.or，not onlybut also等平行結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與離它最近的那部分主語保持一致， 如： Not only the students but also the teacher have doubts. Not only the students but also the teacher

23、 has doubts.（4）不定代詞作主語時的主謂一致 下列不定代詞和復(fù)合代詞作主語時，謂語一律用單數(shù)：one，no one，nobody，nothing，anyone，anything, everybody，everyone, someone，something，each，either，neither，etc。如： None of her friends have been to New York None of her friends has been to New York（5）定語從句的主謂一致 定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞who，that或which后的動詞要與該關(guān)系代詞所指代的先行詞在人

24、稱和數(shù)上保持一致，如： Computer can do many tasks which is impossible to do by hand。 Computer can do many tasks which are impossible to do by hand（6）集合名詞作主語時的主謂一致 集合名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，卻常常表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)的含義。一般來說，當(dāng)這類名詞用來表達(dá)整體概念時，后面的動詞用單數(shù)，而當(dāng)它們被用來指其組織成員時，謂語就用復(fù)數(shù)。這類集合名詞主要有：audience，family，class，herd，crowd，team，crew等。由于這類詞搭配比較復(fù)雜，所以在這類詞作主

25、語時，學(xué)生往往在主謂一致問題上出錯。如： My family never intend to have anything to do with business My family never intends to have anything to do with business4. 修飾語問題在修飾語的運用上出現(xiàn)的問題主要是懸垂修飾語。所謂“修飾語懸垂”，就是如果修飾語放在句首。它的修飾對象必須緊跟其后。否則這修飾就失去了“依靠”，而表達(dá)意思也會被歪曲，變得模糊不清。糾正這種錯誤可以有3種方法：對句子結(jié)構(gòu)做必要的改動，使?fàn)钫Z和邏輯主語一致：給狀語加上一個適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬛髡Z，使之成為一個獨立結(jié)構(gòu)

26、：將狀語改成一個從句，如： While talking on the telephone， the chicken Soup boiled over 這句話看上去是“雞湯”在打電話。修飾語“while talking on the phone”脫離了被修飾語就被“懸”起來了。這種錯誤也是受到了漢語“意合”的表達(dá)方式的影響忘了英語對“形合”的嚴(yán)格要求。While I was talking on the telephone， the chicken soup boiled over Looking out of the window， the grassland stretches as far

27、 as the eye can reach We looking out of the window， the grassland stretches as far as the eve can reach.To swim properly， a course of instruction is necessary.To swim properly，one needs a course of instruction或If one wants to swim properly，a course of instruction is necessary.5. 錯用平行結(jié)構(gòu)平行結(jié)構(gòu)要求并列的部分在結(jié)構(gòu)

28、上和意義層次上必須完全相同，如同為形容詞、分詞、動詞、動名詞等。若干個平行部分中如果有一個與其他不盡相同，就破壞了平行結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Tom enjoys playing football，swimming and to read novelsTom enjoys playing football，swimming and reading novels.6.代詞指代不明確遵循英語寫作簡潔這一原則，充分利用代詞無疑是很必要的。但在代詞的使用上必須注意避免指代不明確，如： He was knocked down by a bicycle， but It was not serious.He was k

29、nocked down by a bicycle， but was not seriously hurtHe asked his brother whether he could send the girl homeHe asked his brother to send the girl back home. He asked his brother to allow him to send the girl home.常見語法錯誤常見語法錯誤常見語法錯誤舉例：1.Now is golden time for us to attain a fair command of English. (

30、詞性使用不當(dāng)。now是副詞，不能作主語。可改為：Now it is the golden time for us )2. My roommate is so troublesome, I can hardly put with him any more.(標(biāo)點符號錯誤。兩個句子之間缺少連詞?？筛臑椋篗y roommate is so troublesome that I can hardly )3.A typical family nowadays is consisted of three to four members.(語態(tài)錯誤。consist of 一定要使用主動語態(tài)?？筛臑椋篈 ty

31、pical family nowadays consists of three to four members. )4. The above-mentioned disadvantages which are brought about by environmental pollution is very detrimental but often miss peoples attention.(句子的主語是advantages，要用復(fù)數(shù)動詞?？筛臑椋篢he above-mentioned advantages which are pollution are very detrimental

32、)5.If you try your best to get more aerobic exercise and practice it whenever and wherever possible, we can maintain good physical condition.(指代不清。you 與 we 指代不一致?？筛臑椋篒f you try wherever possible, you can maintain )6. In my opinion, I think the owner is justified to do so. (in my opinion與I think重復(fù)累贅。

33、可改為：I think the owner is 或：In my opinion, the owner is )7.If adopted, we hope the law will resolve the problem.(if adopted的邏輯主語是the law，與句子的主語we不一致，為懸垂分詞?？筛臑椋篒f the law is adopted, we hope 或：If adopted, the law will resolve the problem.) 以上錯誤如果稍加小心，尚可避免。但下文中的錯誤則需要格外注意。In modern society, computers ar

34、e becoming more and more popular. They are widely used for different uses. Many people use them to type letters, some people still write letters with a pen. I prefer to type letter on the computer. Because it is fast, correct, and clean.First, fast. You can type 90 to 100 words in one minute. The pe

35、rson who is good at it can even more. And nowadays, a lot of people are working hard to obtain the certificate of computer typing. Many of them get certificates, however, some do not.In modern society, computers are becoming more and more popular. They are widely used for different uses. (1) Many pe

36、ople use them to type letters, some people still write letters with a pen. I prefer to type letter on the computer. (2) Because it is fast, correct, and clean.在上一段落中，劃線部分屬于句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯誤。 （1）兩句話之間不能用逗號隔開，應(yīng)加上并列連詞and。（2）sentence fragment。這種斷句只能使用在英語口語、某些文學(xué)作品或非正式的寫作中。(3) First, fast. You can type 90 to 100

37、words in one minute. (4) The person who is good at it can even more. And nowadays, a lot of people are working hard to obtain the certificate of computer typing. (5) Many of them get certificates, however, some do not.（3）這根本不是一句話，至少應(yīng)改為：Firstly, it is fast.（4）can是情態(tài)動詞，后面缺少實義動詞，因此意思表達(dá)不清?？筛臑椋篢he person

38、 who is good at it can type even more words. （5）however是副詞，不能連接兩個句子?？筛臑椋篗any of them get certificates. However, some do not. 或：Many of them get certificates; however, some do not.句子改錯練習(xí)句子改錯練習(xí)1.Education is no longer free as it use to be.Education is no longer free as it used to be.2.For example, the

39、 computer that is used everywhere today to increase efficiency and save the cost of labor.For example, the computer that is used everywhere today increases efficiency and saves the cost of labor.3.In our country we vote for our government, (?) the next federal election is coming again.In our country

40、 we vote for our government when the next federal election is coming again.4.After they express there opinion, he dicided to reduces the operational expenses.After they expressed their opinion, he decided to reduce the operational expenses.5.Many people are dishonest with government. Although they a

41、re married, but they dont want to declare they are married.Many people are dishonest with government. Although they are married, they dont want to declare they are married.6.The closing down of hospitals causes inconvenience for the growing number of patients in Ontario.The closing down of hospitals

42、 causes inconvenience for the increasing patients in Ontario.7.“How do you think of my boyfriend, Dad?” the girl ask.“How do you think of my boyfriend, Dad?” the girl asked.8.Winter storms that bring ice, sleet, and snow they can cause traffic problem.Winter storms that bring ice, sleet, and snow can cause traffic problem. （or: Winter storms bring ice, sleet, and snow which can cause tr