英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤分析

1、英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤分析英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤分析5種用詞錯(cuò)誤；6種常見(jiàn)句子錯(cuò)誤；常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤；句子改錯(cuò)練習(xí)；5種用詞錯(cuò)誤1.誤解詞義導(dǎo)致用詞錯(cuò)誤寫(xiě)作時(shí)，選用自己沒(méi)有完全掌握詞義或用法的單詞、組詞造句，是造成用詞錯(cuò)誤的原因之一如： （1） The young man always puts on leather shoes （2） Both salt and sugar are easy to melt in hot water. （3） It is uneasy for the children to do such a thing1）The young man always wears leat

2、her shoes（put on表示穿的動(dòng)作，不表示穿著的狀態(tài)，而此句表達(dá)的意思是“穿著”，而不是“穿上”。） （2）Both salt and Sugar are easy to dissolve In hot water（melt常指物體經(jīng)加熱后熔化或者易溶物質(zhì)受熱溶化，不指溶質(zhì)在溶劑中溶解。） （3） It is difficult for the children to do such a thing。（uneasy是由前綴un+詞根easy構(gòu)成，在古英語(yǔ)中有“不容易”的意思。但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中， uneasy已不表示easy的反義“不容易”了。而是“心神不安”的意思 ） 2. 不符合英語(yǔ)

3、習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致的用詞錯(cuò)誤 （1） We all hope him to get the first prize. （2） Mr. Smith denied my invitation to a dinner party. （3）Who is responsible for this department？ （4） She will probably be elected woman chairman.1）We all expect him to get the first prize（hope的用法只有hope to do sth或hopethat從句結(jié)構(gòu)，卻不能說(shuō)hope sb， to do st

4、h。 ） （2）MrSmith declined my invitation to a dinner party。（deny可作“拒絕接受”講，不過(guò)當(dāng)表示“拒絕接受邀請(qǐng)”時(shí)，英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣一般不用deny an invitation） （3）Who is in charge of this department？（responsible for通常指對(duì)某件事的后果負(fù)責(zé)。如果指時(shí)某一方面的工作或某一部門(mén)的工作負(fù)責(zé)，就不能用be responsible for。） （4）She will probably be elected chairwoman（woman chairman，是一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)搭配問(wèn)題。一般

5、來(lái)說(shuō)。在表示職業(yè)的名詞前加上man或woman可以區(qū)別男女: a woman doctor, a woman writer ,但是“女主席”、女議長(zhǎng)”，則不能用woman作定語(yǔ),另外，英語(yǔ)中某些固定搭配，決不可以隨便改變其結(jié)構(gòu)或任意添加、省略其中的某些成分，否則就會(huì)造成不符合慣用表達(dá)的用詞錯(cuò)誤。）3.大詞小詞濫用大學(xué)英語(yǔ)作文題一般限于生活、常識(shí)方面的內(nèi)容所以，在具體寫(xiě)作中，學(xué)生應(yīng)盡量避免使用大詞尤其生僻的詞。用好大詞，并使其與整篇作文相融合是很難的。弄不好就會(huì)弄巧成拙，事倍功半。例： （1） I comprehended his statement （2） While we are eatin

6、g breakfast, he engaged in an animated conversation （3）He will come in the event that it stops raining. （4）Chongqing people are enthusiastic and uninhibited.（1） I understood what he said（2）While eating breakfast，we have a lovely talk（3）He will come if it stops raining（4）Chongqing people are enthusia

7、stic and open. 建議把有限的時(shí)間用于對(duì)核心詞匯的掌握努力做到熟練運(yùn)用這些最常用的詞充分表達(dá)自己的思想。4.誤用詞性典型的這類錯(cuò)誤有：錯(cuò)把名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用，形容詞、副詞誤用，如： （l） My teacher adviced me not to go out alone at night。 （2） She doesnt aware of the importance of the study of English. （3）Many people present at the meeting. （4） To do this beyond my power （5）This road goe

8、s straightly from our school to the center of the city.以上5句錯(cuò)例可改正如下：（1） My teacher advised me not to go out alone at night（2） She isnt aware of the importance of the study of English.(3) Many people were present at the meeting. (4) To do this is beyond my power.(5) This road goes straight from our sc

9、hool to the center of the city.英語(yǔ)中有許多形容詞具有動(dòng)作含義，當(dāng)它們作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，千萬(wàn)不要忘了加連系動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的這類形容詞 absent， abundant， active， accurate， afraid， alive， asleep， awake， aware， available， backward， busy， downward，faithful，feasible，fond，keen，present，late，responsible，worried，concerned，interested等。5.漢語(yǔ)思維導(dǎo)致的用詞錯(cuò)誤在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中，學(xué)生由于對(duì)英、漢兩種語(yǔ)言

10、、文化間的差異，以及不同文化背景所產(chǎn)生的不同思維方式導(dǎo)致用詞錯(cuò)誤。1） Excessive smoking will injure your body. 2） Through inquiry， we learn that he was elected to a new leading post， 3） We are going to visit the exhibition next week 4） In the basketball game, our team won the British team. 5）We all enjoy public medical care.（1）Exces

11、sive smoking will injure your health （2） On inquiry， we learn that he was elected to a new leading post （3） We are going to see the exhibition next week （4） In the basketball game， our team beat the British team， （5）We all enjoy free medical care.6種常見(jiàn)句子錯(cuò)誤1.非完整句錯(cuò)誤一個(gè)意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子至少有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)兩部分，祈使句除外。若將句子中的某

12、一部分當(dāng)做一個(gè)句子，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致非完整句錯(cuò)誤。學(xué)生在句子的完整性方面常常犯以下錯(cuò)誤：1）非獨(dú)立性從句單獨(dú)成句非獨(dú)立性從句指那些由關(guān)系代詞（who，whom，whose，which，what，that）、關(guān)系副詞（when，where，how）或從屬連ii after，before。although，as、if， because、until。unless等）引導(dǎo)的句子。這些句子只能在主句中起一個(gè)句子成分的作用，因而不能脫離主句而獨(dú)立存在。一旦脫離主句就會(huì)出現(xiàn)非完整句錯(cuò)誤。如： We must try hard to learn English well. Because It will be ver

13、y useful in our future work We must try hard to learn English well，because It will be very useful in our future work 這種錯(cuò)句的修改只要根據(jù)具體情況把從句歸屬到主句中去就可以了，當(dāng)然標(biāo)點(diǎn)和大小寫(xiě)需要做相應(yīng)調(diào)整.2) 現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立成句現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)以及它的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中往往充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，表示原因、目的、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況等。如： They got up early that morning. Hoping to catch up the 630 train to Hong Kong T

14、hey got up early that morning， hoping to catch up the 630 train to Hong Kong 對(duì)于現(xiàn)在分同短語(yǔ)形式的非完整句。最好的辦法就是改一下標(biāo)點(diǎn)和大小寫(xiě)，視語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的緊密程度把它并人前面或后面一句，使其充當(dāng)句子的附屬成分。當(dāng)然也可以加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)，讓它真正獨(dú)立成句。（3）細(xì)節(jié)補(bǔ)充獨(dú)立句 句子的細(xì)節(jié)補(bǔ)充部分，例如舉例、羅列、補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明等一般是既不含主語(yǔ)也不含謂語(yǔ)的一組詞語(yǔ)的羅列，如果以句子的形式出現(xiàn)肯定是錯(cuò)句。It is hard to keep with monthly payments Such as telephone， e

15、lectric， and gas billIt is hard to keep with monthly payments， such as telephone， electric， and gas bill與漢語(yǔ)這種講究“意合”的語(yǔ)言不同，英語(yǔ)嚴(yán)格要求“形合”，即每一個(gè)句子都要有自己的主、謂語(yǔ)，否則就被視為錯(cuò)句，非完格句。4）無(wú)主語(yǔ)句無(wú)主語(yǔ)句就是缺少主語(yǔ)的非完整句。如： Tom dreamed of the day that he would have lots of money. And would use it to buy a nice house。 Tom dreamed of th

16、e day that he would have lots of money， and would use it to buy a nice houseWhile sitting In class， she realized she had lost a ring. But happily found it on the floor after class While sitting In class, she realized she had lost a ring But she happily found it on the floor after class. 這種錯(cuò)誤的出現(xiàn)也是由于學(xué)

17、生受漢語(yǔ)的影響，誤以為既然動(dòng)作是由同一主體發(fā)出，前句的主語(yǔ)就可以同樣作用于后句，沒(méi)有必要再重復(fù)了。如果是在一個(gè)并列句當(dāng)中，這種做法是正確的，問(wèn)題就出在又把它寫(xiě)成了獨(dú)立的句子：這映了部分學(xué)生對(duì)并列句的掌握不夠扎實(shí)，同時(shí)和其他錯(cuò)句錯(cuò)誤一樣，沒(méi)有培養(yǎng)出良好的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感也是一個(gè)很重要的原因。2. 主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)錯(cuò)誤在句子寫(xiě)作中，要避免語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換，因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)不可避免地造成主語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換：這些轉(zhuǎn)換都會(huì)破壞句子連貫性，從而使句子顯得拙劣、別扭。如： As soon as the written examination has been finished by the student， he must take

18、the oral examination， As soon as the student has finished the written examination， he must take the oral examination.We climbed to the top of the mountain and a tent was rented for the night.We climbed to the top of the mountain and rented a tent for the night.在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中，尤其是日常寫(xiě)作中，并不提倡使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人

19、來(lái)講也是一樣。但提倡并不等于絕對(duì)不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在某些特定情況下，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用還是相當(dāng)必要的。例如在表達(dá)諸如 “據(jù)說(shuō)，據(jù)報(bào)道”等沒(méi)有必要指明動(dòng)作發(fā)出者時(shí)，“It is said”就比“People say that”或“The mass media reported that”要簡(jiǎn)潔、地道得多。2. 單句中謂語(yǔ)過(guò)多Im come from Anhui, There has many mountains in my hometown.Im a student like singing, playing basketball and I like read. 3.主謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。主謂不一致是學(xué)

20、生寫(xiě)作中最常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤之一。而這一點(diǎn)更多地是一個(gè)語(yǔ)法基本功的問(wèn)題。具體來(lái)說(shuō)以下6點(diǎn)：1）存現(xiàn)句中的主謂一致 存現(xiàn)句中，如果有數(shù)個(gè)主語(yǔ)并列，動(dòng)詞的數(shù)一般與離它最近的那個(gè)一致。如： There are a small bed， a wooden table and two old-fashioned chairs in my bedroom There is a small bed， a wooden table and two old-fashioned chairs in my bedroom 但主語(yǔ)如果是幾個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如： There are a boy， a girl an

21、d a teacher in the classroom2）帶修飾浯的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)一致 當(dāng)一個(gè)主浯后跟以with，as well as，together with, like, rather than， except，but，including，accompanied besides等詞語(yǔ)開(kāi)始的修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)只與主語(yǔ)本身保持一致。如： John as well as the rest have agreed to come。 John as well as the rest has agreed to come 主語(yǔ)中如果有all of， most of， lots of， some o

22、f等修飾限定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與這些詞之后的名詞一致: Most of the water in this area are pollutedMost of the water in this area is polluted（3）主謂一致問(wèn)題中的就近原則 neither.nor，either.or，not onlybut also等平行結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與離它最近的那部分主語(yǔ)保持一致， 如： Not only the students but also the teacher have doubts. Not only the students but also the teacher

23、 has doubts.（4）不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致 下列不定代詞和復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一律用單數(shù)：one，no one，nobody，nothing，anyone，anything, everybody，everyone, someone，something，each，either，neither，etc。如： None of her friends have been to New York None of her friends has been to New York（5）定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致 定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞who，that或which后的動(dòng)詞要與該關(guān)系代詞所指代的先行詞在人

24、稱和數(shù)上保持一致，如： Computer can do many tasks which is impossible to do by hand。 Computer can do many tasks which are impossible to do by hand（6）集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致 集合名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，卻常常表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)的含義。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)這類名詞用來(lái)表達(dá)整體概念時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，而當(dāng)它們被用來(lái)指其組織成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)就用復(fù)數(shù)。這類集合名詞主要有：audience，family，class，herd，crowd，team，crew等。由于這類詞搭配比較復(fù)雜，所以在這類詞作主

25、語(yǔ)時(shí)，學(xué)生往往在主謂一致問(wèn)題上出錯(cuò)。如： My family never intend to have anything to do with business My family never intends to have anything to do with business4. 修飾語(yǔ)問(wèn)題在修飾語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用上出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題主要是懸垂修飾語(yǔ)。所謂“修飾語(yǔ)懸垂”，就是如果修飾語(yǔ)放在句首。它的修飾對(duì)象必須緊跟其后。否則這修飾就失去了“依靠”，而表達(dá)意思也會(huì)被歪曲，變得模糊不清。糾正這種錯(cuò)誤可以有3種方法：對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)做必要的改動(dòng)，使?fàn)钫Z(yǔ)和邏輯主語(yǔ)一致：給狀語(yǔ)加上一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬛髡Z(yǔ)，使之成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

26、：將狀語(yǔ)改成一個(gè)從句，如： While talking on the telephone， the chicken Soup boiled over 這句話看上去是“雞湯”在打電話。修飾語(yǔ)“while talking on the phone”脫離了被修飾語(yǔ)就被“懸”起來(lái)了。這種錯(cuò)誤也是受到了漢語(yǔ)“意合”的表達(dá)方式的影響忘了英語(yǔ)對(duì)“形合”的嚴(yán)格要求。While I was talking on the telephone， the chicken soup boiled over Looking out of the window， the grassland stretches as far

27、 as the eye can reach We looking out of the window， the grassland stretches as far as the eve can reach.To swim properly， a course of instruction is necessary.To swim properly，one needs a course of instruction或If one wants to swim properly，a course of instruction is necessary.5. 錯(cuò)用平行結(jié)構(gòu)平行結(jié)構(gòu)要求并列的部分在結(jié)構(gòu)

28、上和意義層次上必須完全相同，如同為形容詞、分詞、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)名詞等。若干個(gè)平行部分中如果有一個(gè)與其他不盡相同，就破壞了平行結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Tom enjoys playing football，swimming and to read novelsTom enjoys playing football，swimming and reading novels.6.代詞指代不明確遵循英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作簡(jiǎn)潔這一原則，充分利用代詞無(wú)疑是很必要的。但在代詞的使用上必須注意避免指代不明確，如： He was knocked down by a bicycle， but It was not serious.He was k

29、nocked down by a bicycle， but was not seriously hurtHe asked his brother whether he could send the girl homeHe asked his brother to send the girl back home. He asked his brother to allow him to send the girl home.常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤舉例：1.Now is golden time for us to attain a fair command of English. (

30、詞性使用不當(dāng)。now是副詞，不能作主語(yǔ)。可改為：Now it is the golden time for us )2. My roommate is so troublesome, I can hardly put with him any more.(標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)錯(cuò)誤。兩個(gè)句子之間缺少連詞。可改為：My roommate is so troublesome that I can hardly )3.A typical family nowadays is consisted of three to four members.(語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。consist of 一定要使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？筛臑椋篈 ty

31、pical family nowadays consists of three to four members. )4. The above-mentioned disadvantages which are brought about by environmental pollution is very detrimental but often miss peoples attention.(句子的主語(yǔ)是advantages，要用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。可改為：The above-mentioned advantages which are pollution are very detrimental

32、)5.If you try your best to get more aerobic exercise and practice it whenever and wherever possible, we can maintain good physical condition.(指代不清。you 與 we 指代不一致?？筛臑椋篒f you try wherever possible, you can maintain )6. In my opinion, I think the owner is justified to do so. (in my opinion與I think重復(fù)累贅。

33、可改為：I think the owner is 或：In my opinion, the owner is )7.If adopted, we hope the law will resolve the problem.(if adopted的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the law，與句子的主語(yǔ)we不一致，為懸垂分詞。可改為：If the law is adopted, we hope 或：If adopted, the law will resolve the problem.) 以上錯(cuò)誤如果稍加小心，尚可避免。但下文中的錯(cuò)誤則需要格外注意。In modern society, computers ar

34、e becoming more and more popular. They are widely used for different uses. Many people use them to type letters, some people still write letters with a pen. I prefer to type letter on the computer. Because it is fast, correct, and clean.First, fast. You can type 90 to 100 words in one minute. The pe

35、rson who is good at it can even more. And nowadays, a lot of people are working hard to obtain the certificate of computer typing. Many of them get certificates, however, some do not.In modern society, computers are becoming more and more popular. They are widely used for different uses. (1) Many pe

36、ople use them to type letters, some people still write letters with a pen. I prefer to type letter on the computer. (2) Because it is fast, correct, and clean.在上一段落中，劃線部分屬于句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤。 （1）兩句話之間不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，應(yīng)加上并列連詞and。（2）sentence fragment。這種斷句只能使用在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)、某些文學(xué)作品或非正式的寫(xiě)作中。(3) First, fast. You can type 90 to 100

37、words in one minute. (4) The person who is good at it can even more. And nowadays, a lot of people are working hard to obtain the certificate of computer typing. (5) Many of them get certificates, however, some do not.（3）這根本不是一句話，至少應(yīng)改為：Firstly, it is fast.（4）can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面缺少實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，因此意思表達(dá)不清?？筛臑椋篢he person

38、 who is good at it can type even more words. （5）however是副詞，不能連接兩個(gè)句子?？筛臑椋篗any of them get certificates. However, some do not. 或：Many of them get certificates; however, some do not.句子改錯(cuò)練習(xí)句子改錯(cuò)練習(xí)1.Education is no longer free as it use to be.Education is no longer free as it used to be.2.For example, the

39、 computer that is used everywhere today to increase efficiency and save the cost of labor.For example, the computer that is used everywhere today increases efficiency and saves the cost of labor.3.In our country we vote for our government, (?) the next federal election is coming again.In our country

40、 we vote for our government when the next federal election is coming again.4.After they express there opinion, he dicided to reduces the operational expenses.After they expressed their opinion, he decided to reduce the operational expenses.5.Many people are dishonest with government. Although they a

41、re married, but they dont want to declare they are married.Many people are dishonest with government. Although they are married, they dont want to declare they are married.6.The closing down of hospitals causes inconvenience for the growing number of patients in Ontario.The closing down of hospitals

42、 causes inconvenience for the increasing patients in Ontario.7.“How do you think of my boyfriend, Dad?” the girl ask.“How do you think of my boyfriend, Dad?” the girl asked.8.Winter storms that bring ice, sleet, and snow they can cause traffic problem.Winter storms that bring ice, sleet, and snow can cause traffic problem. （or: Winter storms bring ice, sleet, and snow which can cause tr