機(jī)自6班,王欽,高速切削加工(修改)

1、西安工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文譯文譯文 原文題目：High-speed cutting processing in mold manufacture application譯文題目： 高速切削加工 學(xué) 院： 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級(jí)： 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化12級(jí)6班學(xué)生姓名： 王欽 學(xué) 號(hào)： 41202010622 附錄附錄1 英文原文： High-speed cutting processing in mold manufacture application A.J.G. Nuttall *, G. LodewijksAbstractThe current mold application is wid

2、espread, also had the very big development with it related die making technology. At present, used the high-speed cutting production mold already to become the die making the general trend. In some mold Manufacturer, the high speed engine bed big area substitution electrical discharge machine, the h

3、igh-speed cutting production mold already gradually became the die making the general trend. It can improve mold's size, the shape and the surface roughness, reduces even omits the manual sharpening, thus reduces production cost and the reduction manufacturing cycle. This article through to the

4、traditional mold processing craft and the high speed mold processing craft's contrast, elaborated the high-speed cutting processing superiority. In the article also briefly introduced the high-speed cutting processing in the processing craft aspect key technologies.Keywords High-speed cutting Gr

5、inding tool Grinding tool processing Process technology1.1 Introduction Along with the advance in technology and the industry swift development, the mold already became in the industrial production to use the extremely widespread main craft to equip now. The mold takes the important craft equipment,

6、 in Industry sectors and so on consumable, electric appliance electron, automobile, airplane manufacture holds the pivotal status. The manufactured products components rough machining 75%, the precision work 50% and the plastic parts 90% will complete by the mold. At present the Chinese mold market

7、demand has reached 50,000,000,000 Yuan scales, our country die making market potential is huge. The mold is one kind of special-purpose tool, uses in forming () each metal or the nonmetallic material needs the components the shape product, this kind of special-purpose tool general designation mold.

8、The mold is in the industrial production the most foundation equipment, is realizes the few cuttings and the non-cutting essential tool. The mold has widely used in the industrial production each domain, like the automobile, the motorcycle, the domestic electric appliances, the instrument, the measu

9、ring appliance, the electron and so on, in them 60%80% components need the mold to carry on the manufacture; The highly effective production in enormous quantities's, bolt, nut and gasket standard letters and so on plastic also need the mold to produce; The engineering plastics, the powder metal

10、lurgy, the rubber, the alloy compression casting, the glass formation and so on need to use the mold to take shape.1.2 High-speed cutting process technology As the name suggests, the high-speed cutting, first is the high speed, namely must have the high spindle speed, for instance 12000r/min, 18000r

11、/min, 30000r/min, 40000r/min, even also had a higher rotational speed still in the experiment; On the other hand, should also have the bigger to feed quantity, like 30000mm/min, 40000mm/min, even 60000mm/min; Has is after again the rapid traverse, trades fast the knife, the main axle trade the knife

12、, from the static state arrives its needs rotational speed rise time and so on, only then achieved the above standards to be able to call it high speed. Next is must aim at the different processing object, the different degree of hardness, the different material quality, the different shape to choos

13、e the corresponding reasonable parameter, but cannot pursue constantly to be high speed and be high speed, regarding the die space processing, the shape is specially complex, but the cutting tool diameter is also small time, because cutting tool's path is not the simple translation, but is the c

14、urve, even has right angle corner time, technological parameter rational especially important, if because wants to maintain the identical feed rate carries on the orthogonal cutting, will not be able to do well will cause as a result of the engine bed moving part's huge inertia the cutting tool

15、will make when the bend angle movement to break suddenly, but the variable motion can, becauseMovements and so on acceleration and deceleration create the thickness of cutting the instantaneous change, but causes the cutter change to enable the work piece surface to have cuts, from this causes the p

16、rocessing drop in quality, therefore, in view of the different processing object, needs the programmers to choose the reasonable cutting tool path, optimized cutting parameter; On the other hand, according to needs to choose the suitable cutting velocity, only then can display the high-speed cutting

17、 truly like the strong point.The high-speed cutting (HSC) is an advanced technique of manufacture which for the past ten years rapidly rises. Because the high-speed cutting technology has the cutting efficiency to be high, the processing quality high, can process the hard steel stock and the good ef

18、ficiency directly, causes profession and so on aviation, mold, automobile, light industry and information production efficiencies and the manufacture quality obviously enhances, and causes the processing craft and the equipment corresponding renewal. Therefore is similar to the numerical control tec

19、hnology is the same, the high-speed cutting and the high speed processing have become in the 21st century a machine-building industry influence profound technological revolution. At present, adapts the HSC request high speed machining center and other high speed numerically-controlled machine tool h

20、as assumed the popularization tendency in the developed country, our country recently is also speeding up the development. The high-speed cutting processing is faces for the 21st century a high technology and new technology, it is one kind is different with the traditional processing processing way.

21、 Compares with it, the high-speed cutting processing main axle rotational speed high, cuts high for the speed, the cutting quantity is small, but in the unit time material excises the quantity to increase 3 6 times actually. It take the high efficiency, the high accuracy and the high surface quality

22、 as the basic characteristic, in profession and so on in automobile industry, aerospace, mold manufacture and instrument measuring appliance has obtained the increasingly widespread application, and has obtained the significant technology economic efficiency, is the contemporary advanced manufacture

23、 technology important constituent. When with traditional way processing mold, often uses the electric spark machining, but the electrode design and makes itself is the technological process which time-consuming takes the trouble. But after uses the high-speed cutting processing, because the narrow a

24、nd small region processing realization and the high grade superficial result, let the electrode the utilization ratio reduce greatly. Moreover, makes the electrode with the high speed mill also to be possible to make the production efficiency to enhance to a new scale. The major part mold may use th

25、e high-speed cutting technology to process, like the forging die, the compression casting mold, cast with the blow molding mold and so on. Hammers the cavity body shallowly, the cutting tool life is long; Compression casting mold size moderate, the productivity is high; Casts with the blow molding m

26、old general size small, quite is economical.2 the high-speed cutting processing mold relative tradition processes the mold the superiority2.1 Enhances the productivity In the high-speed cutting the main axle rotational speed and enters for the speed enhancement, may enhance material removing rate. A

27、t the same time, the high-speed cutting may process the hard components, a many Cmmponents attipe clamps may complete thick, half essence and the precision work and so on the complete working procedure, also may meet the components surface quality requirements directly to the complex profile process

28、ing, therefore, the high-speed cutting craft often may save the electric spark Machining, manually rub repairs and so on the working procedure, reduces the craft route, then enhances the processing productivity greatly. The high-speed cutting processing permission use big to feed rate, enhances 510

29、times compared to the convention machining, the unit interval/unit time material excision rate may enhance 36 times, the process period may reduce greatly. This may use in processing needs to excise the metal massively the components, specially has the very vital significance regarding the aviation

30、industry. 2.2 Improvement processing precishon and surface qualhty The high rpeed engine bed must have high performance and so on rigidity and high accuracy, at the same time because cutting force low, the work piece thermal deformation reduces, the cutting tool distorts slightly, the high-speed cut

31、ting processing precision Is very high. Depth of cut small, but enters for the speed quickly, the processing surface roughness is very small, cuts when the aluminum alloy may reach Ra0.4 0.6, when cutting steel stock may reach Ra0.2 0.4. Compares with the conventional cutting, when high-speed cuttin

32、g processing the cutting force may reduce 30% at least, this may reduce the processing regarding the processing rigidity bad components to distort, causes some thin wall class fine work piece the machining into possible. Because revolves high speed time the cutting tool cuts the excitation frequency

33、 is far away from the craft system's forced oscillation, has guaranteed the good processing condition. Because the cutting force is too small, cut the hot influence to be small, causes the cutting tool, the work piece distortion to be small, maintained the size accuracy, moreover also caused the

34、 friction between the cutting tool work piece changes is small, the cutting destruction level thinned, the residual stress was small, has realized the high accuracy, the low roughness processing. 2.3 The reduced cutting produces quantity of heat Because the high-speed cutting processing is the shall

35、ow cutting, simultaneously the feed rate is very quick, the knife edge and the work piece contact length and the contact duration were short, reduced the knife edge and the work piece heat conduction, has avoided when the traditional processing met everywhere in the cutting tool and the work piece t

36、o have the big calorimetry shortcoming, guaranteed that the cutting tool worked under the temperature not high condition, lengthened cutting tool's service life. As shown in Figure 1, A is time the high-speed cutting processing heat conduction process, B is the traditional processing heat conduc

37、tion process.Fig.1 high speed processing and traditional processing heat conductionThe high-speed cutting processing process is extremely rapid, 95% above cutting quantity of heat are extremely few, components not because the temperature rise will cause the warp or the inflation distortion. The high

38、-speed cutting is suitable specially for the processing easy thermal deformation components. Is low regarding the processing melting point the metal which, easy to oxidize (for example magnesium), the high-speed cutting has certain significance. 2.4 advantageoued in the processing thin wall componen

39、ts Time high-speed cutting's cutting force is small, has the high stability, but the high quality processes the thin wall components. Uses as shown in Figure 2 the lamination down milling the processing method, but high-speed cutting wall thickness 0.2mm, wall high 20mm thin wall components. Thi

40、s time, the knife edge and the work piece contact duration was short, has avoided the sidewall distortion.Figure.2 high-speed cutting thin wall components2.5 change the part substitutes certain crafts, like electric spark machining, abrasive machining and so on High strength and the high degree of h

41、ardness's processing is also a high-speed cutting major characteristic, at present, the high-speed cutting has been possible the work hardness to reach HRC60 the components, therefore, the high-speed cutting can process after the heat treatment hardens the work piece. In the tradition processes

42、in mold's craft, before the precision work, hardens the work piece after the heat treatment to carry on the electric spark machining, may omit in the die making craft with the high-speed cutting processing substitution tradition cutting's processing method the electric spark machining, simpl

43、ified the processing craft and the cost of investment. The mold's size, the shape and the surface roughness are very important, if after processing the mold cannot meet the requirements the quality precision, needs the massive handworks to rub repairs the work, the handwork rubs repairs can obta

44、in the good surface quality, but it will affect mold's size and the shape precision. Therefore must omit as far as possible in the mold processing rubs manually repairs, improves the mold quality, reduces the production cost and the manufacturing cycle. Figure 3 is the traditional mold processin

45、g process: The semifinished materials -> rough machining -> semi-finishing -> heat treatment hardens -> the electric spark machining -> precision work -> to rub manually repairs. Figure 4 is the high speed mold processing process: Hardened semifinished materials -> rough machini

46、ng -> semi-finishing -> precision work.Figure.3 the traditional mold processes processFigure 4 the high speed mold processes process in Figure 4, in the high speed mold machining process reduced two technological processes, probably reduces the process period 30%50%.In the traditional processi

47、ng craft's electric spark machining forms the hardened level easily in the melting processing surface layer, degree of hardness may reach 1000Hv, brings the difficulty for the following machining and the abrasive machining. The electric spark machining also easy to cause the surface layer fatigu

48、e cracking and cutting tool's breakage. 2.6 Economic efficiency remarkable enhancement Synthesis above all sorts of merits, namely: The comprehensive efficiency will improve, the quality enhances, the working procedure simplifies, the engine bed investment and the cutting tool investment as well

49、 as the maintenance cost increase and so on, will use the high-speed cutting craft to cause the synthesis economic efficiency remarkable enhancement.3 high-speed cutting processing craft essential technology The high speed engine bed and the high speed cutter are the realization high-speed cutting p

50、remise and the basic condition, has the strict request in the high-speed cutting processing to the high speed engine bed performance and the cutting tool material choice. In order to realize the high-speed cutting processing, uses the high flexible high speed numerical control engine bed, the proces

51、sing center generally, also some use special-purpose high speed mills, drilling machine. At the same time the engine bed has the high speed main axle to be systematic and the high rapid advance or progress gives the system, the high main axle rigidity characteristic, the high accuracy localization f

52、unction and the high accuracy insert makes up the function, specially the circular arc high accuracy inserts makes up the function. The high-speed cutting cutting tool and ordinary processes the cutting tool the material to have is very greatly different. The main use cutting tool material has the h

53、ard alloy, the crystal combination diamond (PCD), the crystal combination cube boron nitride (PCBN) and the ceramics and so on. The high-speed cutting craft technology also is carries on the high-speed cutting processing the key. The cutting method chooses is improper, can make the cutting tool to i

54、ntensify the attrition, cannot achieve the high speed processing completely the goal. The practice proved, if only then the high speed engine bed and the cutting tool but do not have the good craft technology to make the instruction, the expensive high-speed cutting processing equipment cannot fully

55、 play the role. The high-speed cutting processing craft essential technology mainly includes the cutting method and the cutting parameter choice optimization. a. Cutting way choise In the high-speed cutting processing, should select the down milling processing as far as possible, because in down mil

56、ling time, the cutting tool just cut into the thickness of chip which the work piece produces to a big way, afterward reduces gradually. When up milling, the cutting tool just cut into the thickness of chip which the work piece produces to be smallest, afterward the accumulation, increased the cutti

57、ng tool and the work piece friction like this gradually, has the big calorimetry on the knife edge, therefore produces in the up milling quantity of heat when down milling are more than, the radial force also greatly increases. Meanwhile in the down milling, the knife edge main compression stress, b

58、ut when the up milling the knife edge tension stress, the stressful condition is bad, reduced cutting tool's service life, the down milling and the up milling the cutting tool cuts into the work piece the process, as shown in Figure 5.Figure.5 the cutting tool cuts into the work piece the proces

59、s hintb. Maintains constant metal removing rate The high-speed cutting processing is shallowly suitable for shallowly to cut the depth, the depth of cut should not surpass 0.2/ 0.2mm (ae/Ap), this is for avoids the cutting tool the position deviation, guarantees processes the mold the geometry precision. Maintains constant metal removing rate, guaranteed adds on the work piece the cutting load i