主謂一致重點(diǎn)

1、主謂一致【考綱解讀】高考研究主謂一致是歷年高考試題中的主要測(cè)試點(diǎn)之一，它主要以單項(xiàng)填空的形式來(lái)測(cè)試語(yǔ)法一致的原則，意義一致的原則，就近一致的原則，同時(shí)還涉及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和修飾等。由于漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有主謂一致現(xiàn)象，所以有時(shí)很難把握這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。在注意掌握主謂一致的基本原則的同時(shí)，要特別注意語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容上一致的原則。分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、主語(yǔ)從句等用作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題仍將會(huì)是今后高考命題的熱點(diǎn)?！局R(shí)要點(diǎn)】一、主謂一致的種類1.語(yǔ)法形式上的一致主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The number of the students present is 20

2、0.Jane and Mary look alike.2.意義上一致1)主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如people，police，cattle等The crowd were shouting.2）主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如news和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics，politics，economics等。The news was so surprising.3.就近原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。如用連詞or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)

3、，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.二、主謂一致的應(yīng)用1.名詞作主語(yǔ)1) 某些集體名詞，如family，team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一個(gè)幸福的家庭。The whole family are watching TV.全家人都在看電視。這類名詞有audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，grou

4、p，party，public，team等。名詞population一詞的使用情況類似。“a group(crowd) of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語(yǔ)之后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分。2) 某些集體名詞，如people，police，cattle等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜捕那個(gè)賊。3) 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：A sheep is over there.那邊有只羊。Some sheep are over there.那邊有些羊。4)

5、 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：The doctors is across the street.診所在街道的對(duì)面。My uncles is not far from here.我叔叔家離這兒不遠(yuǎn)。常見(jiàn)的省略名詞有the bakers，the barbers，the carpenters，the Zhangs等。表示店鋪的名詞，一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Richardsons have a lot of goods to sell.理查德店有很多貨物要賣。5) 當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額

6、、時(shí)間、書(shū)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如：Three years has passed since then.自從那時(shí)到現(xiàn)在，三年已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。6) 不定代詞each，every，no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.孩子們都想去看電影。7) 如果主語(yǔ)有more than one.或many a.構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：More than one student

7、has read the book. 很多學(xué)生讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。但是，“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. 許多成員反對(duì)你的計(jì)劃。8) 一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：glasses，clothes，trousers，shoes，compasses，chopsticks，scissors等。但如果主語(yǔ)用“a kind of，a pair of ，a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：A pair

8、 of shoes was on the desk.桌子上有一雙鞋。9) this kind of book=a book of this kind（這種書(shū)），其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；短語(yǔ)this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口語(yǔ))（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.這一種人很危險(xiǎn)。Men of th

9、is kind are dangerous.這種類型的人很危險(xiǎn)。10) 復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致原則，用作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. 這家玻璃廠建于1980年。The（These）glass works are near the railway station.這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。當(dāng)它們前面有a,such a ，this，that修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有all

10、，such，these，those修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；但means，no means，the means等詞前沒(méi)有以上修飾詞時(shí)，可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。11) 如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most，half，rest等詞語(yǔ)，所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如：All of my classmates like music.我的同學(xué)都喜歡音樂(lè)。All of the water is gone.所有的水都沒(méi)了。12) 在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.兩窗戶間掛著一幅畫。2.由

11、連接詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)1) 用and或both.and連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Plastics and rubber never rot.橡膠和塑料永不腐爛。Walking and riding are good exercises.散步和騎車是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。但是，并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。如：To love and to be loved is great happiness.愛(ài)與被愛(ài)是種幸福。Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit

12、.早睡早起是種好習(xí)慣。A knife and fork is on the table.桌子上有副刀叉。2) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)這些詞前面的主語(yǔ)而定。如：The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.老師和學(xué)生都在圖書(shū)館里看書(shū)。3) 以

13、or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如：Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.湯姆和哥哥們?cè)诜块g里等著。3.代詞作主語(yǔ)1) 名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如：Ours (Our Party) is a great party.我們的黨是個(gè)偉大的黨。2) such，the same起指示代詞作用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：Such is our plan.Su

14、ch are his words.那就是我們的計(jì)劃。那就是他的話。3) 關(guān)系代詞who，that，which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：Those who want to go please put up your hands.想去的請(qǐng)舉手。Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.人類使用的一些能源來(lái)自太陽(yáng)。4) 疑問(wèn)代詞who，what，which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.

15、誰(shuí)住在隔壁？是小劉。What produce(s) heat? 什么產(chǎn)生熱量？5) 不定代詞any，either，neither，none，all，some，more等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有以下兩種情況：?jiǎn)为?dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其在文中的意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：Now all has been changed.現(xiàn)在一切都改變了。All are present.所有人都到場(chǎng)了。either，neither單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)。但后接of時(shí)，若of的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。如：Do(es

16、) any of you know his address? 你們當(dāng)中有誰(shuí)知道他的地址嗎？None of them has (have) seen the film.他們當(dāng)中沒(méi)人看過(guò)這部電影。4.分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語(yǔ)1) “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a large quantity of，a heap of，heaps of，half of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)，如：About threefourths of the e

17、arths surface is covered with water.地球的四分之三被水覆蓋。Threefifths of the workers here are women.這個(gè)地方五分之三的工人是婦女。和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，但是“the number of+名詞”的中心詞卻是number，試比較：A number of students have gone home.許多學(xué)生都回家了。The number of pages in this book is two hundred.這本書(shū)中的頁(yè)碼是二百。注意：(large)quantities of修飾

18、可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.大量的食物在桌子上。短語(yǔ)in quantity，in large quantities意為“大量”；in small quantities意為“少量”。2) a great deal of ，a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，如：Large amounts of money were spent on the bridg

19、e.大量的錢花在了這座橋上。3) 表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌子上有一個(gè)半香蕉。4) half of，(a) part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。5.名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有the brave，the poor，the rich，the blind，the young，the old，the si

20、ck，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the oppressed，the injured，the wounded，the unemployed等；但也有少數(shù)的過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別，則用單數(shù)。如：The blind study in special schools.盲人在特殊的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。6.從句作主語(yǔ)1) 由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：What we need is more time.我們所需要的是更多的時(shí)間。What we need are doctors.我們所需要的是醫(yī)生。2) 在“o

21、ne of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.這是講過(guò)的最有趣的故事之一。但是當(dāng)one之前有the only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式。如：She was the only one of the girls who was late.她是惟一一位遲到的女生?！究键c(diǎn)詮釋】主

22、謂一致主謂一致就是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須和主語(yǔ)保持一致。中學(xué)生在主謂一致問(wèn)題的理解上與漢語(yǔ)的思維存在偏差，容易被忽略。高考中的單項(xiàng)填空題與短文改錯(cuò)題經(jīng)常對(duì)主謂一致問(wèn)題進(jìn)行考查。考點(diǎn)1 名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致主要是把握好名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)須保持一致。1單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)具體內(nèi)容決定單復(fù)數(shù)。如：Every means has been tried每種方法都試過(guò)了。These means are out of date這些方法是過(guò)時(shí)的。2具體的距離、時(shí)間、金錢、度量、溫度、書(shū)名等作主語(yǔ)，其內(nèi)容可作整體概念，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Thr

23、ee days is not enough to finish the work要完成那項(xiàng)工作三天的時(shí)間是不夠的。3不定代詞each，every，no所修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)，其內(nèi)容是整體概念，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。如：Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future每個(gè)男孩和女孩都想在未來(lái)為人民服務(wù)。 4由兩個(gè)相同部分組成的一個(gè)整體名詞作主語(yǔ)，其內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，此類詞有g(shù)lasses，trousers，shoes，scissors，clothes，compasses，chopsticks等。但若此類詞被“a k

24、ind/pair of”修飾，則其內(nèi)容是單數(shù)的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Look!The shoes are under the bed看!鞋子在床底下。Look I This pair of shoes is under the bed看!這雙鞋在床底下。5含all，most，half，rest等的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)，所指的內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；反之，用單數(shù)。如：All of my classmates work hard我所有的同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)都很努力。All of the water is up now現(xiàn)在所有的水都用光了。6在主謂倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Between

25、 the two windows hangs a picture在兩扇窗子之間掛著一幅畫。歸納拓展1)不定式、動(dòng)名詞以及從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看做單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Reading often means learning讀書(shū)常意味著學(xué)習(xí)。To read Enghsh aloud every morning does you a lot of good每天早晨大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)對(duì)你有許多好處。What he said has been recorded他說(shuō)的話已被錄音了。(2)某些集體名詞(如family，team等)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

26、詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The whole family are watching TV一家人都在看電視。His family was very poor when he was a child他小時(shí)候家里很窮。The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers中國(guó)人口眾多，并且80的人口都是農(nóng)民?？键c(diǎn)2含有連接詞的主謂一致含有連接詞的主謂一致是指對(duì)主語(yǔ)起連接作用的詞會(huì)影響主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系。1用and或bothand連接并列主語(yǔ)，其內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

27、用復(fù)數(shù)。若and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人、同一物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting這位教師兼作家已來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)了。Both my brother and my sister are workers我的哥哥和姐姐都是工人。2主語(yǔ)后面接連接性短語(yǔ)時(shí)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)并不影響主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。此類連接性短語(yǔ)有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，bes

28、ides，including，in addition to等。如：Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me你姐姐和你父母一樣，對(duì)我很好。She，like you and Betty，is very clever像你和Betty一樣，她也很聰明。3以or，either一or，neithernor，not onlybut also等連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與就近的名詞或代詞一致。如：was he or you in the next room just now？剛才是他還是你在隔壁房間?Are not only y

29、ou but also he wrong?不僅你錯(cuò)了，而且他也錯(cuò)了嗎?考點(diǎn)3 不定量詞修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致不定量詞修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致主要是指不同的不定量詞修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也將隨之變化，與主語(yǔ)保持一致。1a(great)number of，many，a few修飾可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：A number of students like English very much許多學(xué)生都非常喜歡英語(yǔ)。Many bananas are in the basket這個(gè)籃子里有許多香蕉。2a little，much，a great deal of，a large am

30、ount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Much information has been written down大量的信息已被寫下了。3(1arge)quantities of修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：There are large quantities of food in the shop商店里有大量的食物。4the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，the amount of+不可數(shù)名詞，the quantity of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The amount of money is grea

31、t錢很多。5this kind of+名詞單數(shù)，名詞單數(shù)+ofthis kind，this kind of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其內(nèi)容是單數(shù)的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。如：This kind of animals is dangerous這種動(dòng)物很危險(xiǎn)。6these kinds of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，名詞復(fù)數(shù)+of this kind等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： These kinds of things are produced and sold by many different companies in the U.S美國(guó)許多不同的公司生產(chǎn)和出售這些產(chǎn)品。7基數(shù)詞單純表示

32、數(shù)字作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示的不是數(shù)字而是數(shù)量時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)。由此可推斷出，分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)所指的具體含義。如：A billion is a large number十億是個(gè)大數(shù)目。There are 23 students，but only onethird aye boys有23個(gè)學(xué)生，但只有1/3是男生。8many a+名詞單數(shù)，more than one+名詞單數(shù)，a/an+名詞單數(shù)+or two/and a half等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)意義，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)。如：Many a student has passed

33、the exam許多學(xué)生都通過(guò)了考試。More than one question was raised不止一個(gè)問(wèn)題被提出來(lái)。9one and a half+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，one or two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，more+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+than one等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One and a half apples aye left on the table一個(gè)半蘋果剩在桌上。One or two reasons were suggested有人提出了一兩個(gè)理由。【高考鏈接】1.(2010高考英語(yǔ)四川卷,15)Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of w

34、hose works，however，some difficult to understandAare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis：are2.(2010高考英語(yǔ)陜西卷,24)It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built【答案】D【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at present可判斷出用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，“many a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”雖

35、然表示復(fù)數(shù)意思，但要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。3.(2010高考英語(yǔ)江蘇卷,33)-Is everyone here? -Not yetLook , there_ the rest of our guests!A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致?？仗幩诰渥訛榈寡b句，the rest of our guests作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；此處敘述的又是現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。come用于進(jìn)行時(shí)通常用來(lái)表示按照計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此D項(xiàng)不恰當(dāng)。4.(2010高考英語(yǔ)湖南卷,33)Liste ning

36、to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have1. 代詞做主語(yǔ)A主語(yǔ)是he, she, it, either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anything, anyone, something, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) So

37、mebody is asking for you. 有人在找你。(2) Everyone is here. 大家都來(lái)了。(3) There is something wrong with my bike. 沒(méi)有的單車有點(diǎn)毛病。B主語(yǔ)是I(除be 動(dòng)詞用am外) , you, we, they代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1) I like to stay here with you. 我喜歡跟你在這兒。(2) They are all soldiers. 他們都是戰(zhàn)士。(3) We play football after school. 我們放學(xué)后踢足球。C主語(yǔ)是：who, wha

38、t, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest, the remainder時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須依具體情況而定。如：(1) Whos the girl over there? 那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？(2) Who are the boys playing games there? 在那里做游戲的男孩子是哪些人？(3) Whats this? 這是什么？(4) What are those? 哪些是什么？(5) Which is yours? 哪一個(gè)是你的？(6) Which are childrens? 哪一些是孩子們的？ 2.

39、 名詞做主語(yǔ)A. 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，不可數(shù)名詞及可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Water is necessary for living things. 水對(duì)于生物來(lái)說(shuō)是必須的。(2) The desk over there is Li Leis. 那邊的那張課桌是李蕾的。(3) The dog is a useful animal. 狗是一種有用的動(dòng)物。B. 表示總稱意義的名詞people (人們，人民), cattle, police，youth做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1) English people are fond of talking

40、about weather. 英國(guó)人喜歡談?wù)撎鞖狻?2) Cattle are farmersfriends. 牛是農(nóng)民的朋友。C. 主語(yǔ)是：public, board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, crew, committee, enemy, government, herd, jury, party等名詞時(shí)，如果是作為整體的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；如果作為其中一個(gè)個(gè)的成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：如：(1) Our class is made up of fifty students. 我們班有

41、五十個(gè)學(xué)生組成。(2) Our class are working very hard. 我們班學(xué)習(xí)都很努力。(3) His team is very strong. 他們隊(duì)很強(qiáng)大。(4) His team are talking with the coach. 他們隊(duì)在跟教練談話。D. 主語(yǔ)是：時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡單位等名詞或短語(yǔ)，即使是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Three years passes quickly. 三年很快過(guò)去了。(2) Two meters is not long enough. 兩米不夠長(zhǎng)。(from )E. 主語(yǔ)是：news, poli

42、tics, physics, plastics, mathematics等名詞雖然以s結(jié)尾，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Physics is very interesting and useful. 物理既很有趣也很有用。(2) Plastics is widely used in our daily life. 塑料在日常生活中被廣泛地應(yīng)用。F. 主語(yǔ)若是書(shū)名，劇名、報(bào)刊、雜志名稱或國(guó)家、單位名稱時(shí)，即使名詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 一千零一夜很有趣。(2) T

43、he New York Times is popular in America. 紐約時(shí)報(bào)在美國(guó)很受歡迎。G. 在算式里，主語(yǔ)是數(shù)詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也只能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Three and five is eight. 三加五等于八。(2) Twelve divided by six is two. 十二除以六等于二。8) 主與是：clothes, compasses, goods, glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等名時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1) The trousers are not expens

44、ive. 這條褲子不貴。(2) Your socks are over there. 你的襪子在那邊。H. 主語(yǔ)是：a lot of, lots of, plenty，百分比of +名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須依照名詞的數(shù)而確定。如：(1) A lot of people have taken part in the activity. 很多人參加了這次活動(dòng)。(2) Lots of water is lost. 大量的水被流失了。I. 主語(yǔ)是： kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of + 名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須依照kind, type,

45、 amount, pair, quantity的數(shù)而確定。如：(1) This pair of trousers was made by Master Li. 這條褲子是李師傅做的。(2) A large quantity of water in the sea has been polluted. 這個(gè)海里大量的水被污染了。(3) Large quantities of rice have been destroyed in the flood. 大量的莊稼在洪水中被毀壞了。J. 主語(yǔ)是：the number of + 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：The number of

46、 students in our class is seventy-eight. 我們班的學(xué)生數(shù)是七十八。主語(yǔ)是：a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：A number of students of our school come from the countryside. 我們學(xué)校很多學(xué)生來(lái)自農(nóng)村。K. 主語(yǔ)是：the population時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) What is the population of your town? 你們鎮(zhèn)的人口多少？(from )(2) The population of America is a l

47、ittle over two hundred million. 美國(guó)人口數(shù)大約是兩億多一點(diǎn)。主語(yǔ)是：分?jǐn)?shù) + population時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：About eighty percent of the population in our country are farmers. 我們國(guó)家大約有百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。 L. 主語(yǔ)是：means, works, sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese等名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須依照它們?cè)诰渲械囊饬x來(lái)確定。如：(1) Every means has been tried but we cant save h

48、im. 每一種方法我們都是用過(guò)了，但是我們還是救不了他。(2) All the means have been tried but we cant save him. 所有的方法我們都是用過(guò)了，但是我們還是救不了他。 3. 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞連在一起做主語(yǔ)(一) and, both.and 連接名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)A謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(1) Li Lei and Liu Mei are both interested in English. 李蕾和魏方都對(duì)英語(yǔ)感興趣。(2) He and she are good friends. 他跟她是好朋友。Band 連接的兩個(gè)成對(duì)的名詞，如fork

49、 and knife, bread and butter；soda and water； coffee and water；aim and end；salt and water等，雖有and 連接，但仍表示單一的概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Where is your fork and knife? 你的刀叉在哪兒？(2) Is the bread and butter enough for you two? 你們兩人吃這一點(diǎn)面包和黃油夠了嗎？Cand 連接的兩個(gè)名詞若是指同一個(gè)人, 即： and前的名詞前有冠詞,而and后面的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如

50、：Im told that the monitor and League secretary is ill today. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)班長(zhǎng)兼團(tuán)支書(shū)今天病了。Dand所連接的連個(gè)名詞前分別有: every, each, no, many a等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：(1) Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school. 在學(xué)校，每一個(gè)男孩和女孩都玩得挺開(kāi)心。(2) Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在會(huì)上，很多老師和學(xué)生發(fā)了言。(二

51、) 主語(yǔ)是：連接詞or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, notbut, not onlybut also等連接的名詞或代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式須跟與之最接近的名詞或代詞決定。如：(1) Neither he nor you are to blame. 他和你都不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備。(2) Is neither he nor you to blame? 他和你都不應(yīng)該受責(zé)備嗎？(三) 主語(yǔ)是：介詞in, out of, with, except, besides, without, as well as, no less than, rather than, more

52、than, but, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等所連接的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與這些詞前面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：(1) At the meeting, one in four is against the decision. 會(huì)上由四分之一的人反對(duì)這一決議。(2) The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老師和學(xué)生們?cè)谟懻搯?wèn)題。(四) one and a half + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，即名詞超過(guò)一，但不滿二時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三

53、人稱單數(shù)形式。如：One and a half oranges is enough for the baby. 這個(gè)孩子有一個(gè)半桔子就夠了。(五) many a + 名詞單數(shù)；more than one + 名詞單數(shù)；a + 名詞單數(shù) + or two等做句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式如(1) Many a student is interested in English grammar. 很多學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法感興趣。(2) A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 一兩個(gè)工人將被派往國(guó)外去工作。(六) one or two +名詞復(fù)數(shù)做句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition. 在你的作文中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一兩個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤 4. The + 形容詞做主語(yǔ)AThe + 形容詞指人做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式