AP_Physics_B_-Reflection_and_Mirrors優(yōu)秀課件

1、.1Light, Reflection, & MirrorsAP Physics B.2Facts about LightnIt is a form of Electromagnetic EnergynIt is a part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum and the only part we can really see.3Facts about LightThe speed of light, c, is constant in a vacuum.Light can be:REFLECTED ABSORBEDREFRACTEDLight is

2、an electromagnetic wave in that it has wave like properties which can be influenced by electric and magnetic fields.4The Law of “REFLECTION”The Law of Reflection states that- the angle of incidence (incoming ray) equals the angle of reflection (outgoing ray)The law works for FLAT, PLANE surfaces onl

3、y.The angles are measured from a perpendicular line to the surface called a NORMAL.NORMAL.5Plane MirrorSuppose we had a flat , plane mirror mounted vertically. A candle is placed 10 cm in front of the mirror. WHERE IS THE IMAGE OF THE CANDLE LOCATED?mirrorObject Distance, Do = 10 cmSame side as the

4、object?On the surface of the mirror?Behind the mirror?.6Plane MirrorSuppose we had a flat , plane mirror mounted vertically. A candle is placed 10 cm in front of the mirror. WHERE IS THE IMAGE OF THE CANDLE LOCATED?mirrorObject Distance, Do = 10 cmImage Distance, Di = 10 cmDo=Di, and the heights are

5、 equal as wellVirtual Image.7Virtual ImagesVirtual Images are basically images which cannot be visually projected on a screen.If this box gave off light, we could project an image of this box on to a screen provided the screen was on the SAME SIDE as the box.You would not be able to project the imag

6、e of the vase or your face in a mirror on a screen, therefore it is a virtual image.CONCLUSION: VIRTUAL IMAGES are ALWAYS on the OPPOSITE side of the mirror relative to the object.8Real ImageReal Images are ones you can project on to a screen. For MIRRORS they always appear on the SAME SIDE of the m

7、irror as the object.objectimageThe characteristics of the image, however, may be different from the original object. These characteristics are:SIZE (reduced,enlarged,same size)POSITION (same side, opposite side)ORIENTATION (right side up, inverted)What if the mirror isnt flat?.9Spherical Mirrors Con

8、cave & ConvexAlso called CONVERGING mirrorAlso called DIVERGING mirror.10Converging (Concave) MirrorA converging mirror is one that is spherical in nature by which it can FOCUS parallel light rays to a point directly in front of its surface. Every spherical mirror can do this and this special po

9、int is at a “fixed” position for every mirror. We call this point the FOCAL POINT. To find this point you MUST use light from “infinity”Light from an “infinite” distance, most likely the sun.11Converging (Concave) MirrorSince the mirror is spherical it technically has a CENTER OF CURVATURE, C. The f

10、ocal point happens to be HALF this distance.We also draw a line through the center of the mirror and call it the PRINCIPAL AXIS.fCCf22.12Ray DiagramA ray diagram is a pictorial representation of how the light travels to form an image and can tell you the characteristics of the image.Principal axisfC

11、objectRule One: Draw a ray, starting from the top of the object, parallel to the principal axis and then through “f” after reflection.13Ray DiagramsPrincipal axisfCobjectRule Two: Draw a ray, starting from the top of the object, through the focal point, then parallel to the principal axis after refl

12、ection. .14Ray DiagramsPrincipal axisfCobjectRule Three: Draw a ray, starting from the top of the object, through C, then back upon itself. What do you notice about the three lines?THEY INTERSECTThe intersection is the location of the image.15Ray Diagram Image CharacteristicsPrincipal axisfCobjectAf

13、ter getting the intersection, draw an arrow down from the principal axis to the point of intersection. Then ask yourself these questions:Is the image on the SAME or OPPOSITE side of the mirror as the object?Same, therefore it is a REAL IMAGE.Is the image ENLARGED or REDUCED?1) Is the image INVERTED

14、or RIGHT SIDE UP?.16The Mirror/Lens EquationIs there any OTHER way to predict image characteristics besides the ray diagram? YES!One way is to use the MIRROR/LENS equation to CALCULATE the position of the image.ioddf111.17Mirror/Lens EquationAssume that a certain concave spherical mirror has a focal

15、 length of 10.0 cm. Locate the image for an object distance of 25 cm and describe the images characteristics.iiioddddf125110111116.67 cmWhat does this tell us? First we know the image is BETWEEN “C” & “f”. Since the image distance is POSITIVE the image is a REAL IMAGE.Real image = positive image

16、 distanceVirtual image = negative image distanceWhat about the size and orientation?.18Magnification EquationTo calculate the orientation and size of the image we use the MAGNIFICATION EQUATION.xMMhhddMoioi67. 02567.16Here is how this works:If we get a POSITIVE magnification, the image is UPRIGHT.If

17、 we get a NEGATIVE magnification, the image is INVERTED If the magnification value is GREATER than 1, the image is ENLARGED.If the magnification value is LESS than 1, the image is REDUCED.If the magnification value is EQUAL to 1, the image is the SAME SIZE as the object. Using our previous data we see that our image was INVERTED, a