安全工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

1、一、專業(yè)詞匯翻譯mine n.礦山，礦井。 v.采礦colliery n. 礦井coal mining 采媒coalfield n.煤田strike n. 進(jìn)向dip n.傾向roadway n. 巷道m(xù)ining district 采區(qū)coalface n.采媒面working face 工作面ventilation n. 通風(fēng)bolt v.打鋪樸；n.鋪樸immediate roof 直t妾頂；floor底板;gas, methane 瓦斯outcrop露火，露出地面的巖足fault n.斷層occurrence 賦存coalfield 煤田air shaft 風(fēng)井surrounding

2、rock 圍巖mine ventilation 礦山通風(fēng)internal combustion engine 內(nèi)燃機(jī)dilute沖淡，變淡，變?nèi)?，稀釋contaminant 污染物noxious存害的exhaust shaft 出風(fēng)井colliery 煤礦trap door通風(fēng)門moisture content 濕度rank品級(jí)bituminous 煙煤anthracite 無(wú)煙煤igneous地火成的natural fracture 原生裂隙cleat【地質(zhì)】割理porosity多孔性sorptive吸附的permeability 滲透性free gas游離狀態(tài)冗斯adsorbed gas吸

3、附狀態(tài)瓦斯voidage孔隙度adsorption isotherm 吸附等溫線methane drainage ml斯杣放borehole 鉆孔accident causation models：事故數(shù)因模型system safety：系統(tǒng)安全hazard analysis：危害分析hazard identification：危險(xiǎn)源辨識(shí)ergonomics process人機(jī)工程過(guò)程hazard identification 危險(xiǎn)源辨識(shí)safety culture 安全文化corporate culture 企業(yè)文化accident investigation：事故調(diào)查mine fire礦井

4、火災(zāi)二、句型翻譯 1、 rasmussen and jensen have presented a three-level skill-rule-knowledge model for describing the origins of the different types of human errors.rasmussen和jensen提出了一種技能一規(guī)拖一知識(shí)的三級(jí)模型，用來(lái)描述不同類 型的人為失誤的來(lái)源。2、the safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values，attitu

5、des，perceptions，competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to，and the style and proficiency of，an organizations health and safety management.組織的安全文化是個(gè)人和群體的價(jià)值觀、態(tài)度、認(rèn)識(shí)、能力以及行為方式的產(chǎn)物， 這些因素決定著組織健康與安全管理的投入、形式和水平。（定語(yǔ)從句的分譯） 10、the ergonomic process key purpose，is to communicate infor

6、mation among all those involved，so that adequate and feasible solutions to problems having ergonomics issues can be solved.人機(jī)工程過(guò)程的主要0的，是為了在所冇涉及到的因索之間進(jìn)行信息交流，從而 為涉及人機(jī)工程的問(wèn)題提出充分、可行的解決方法。 11、the expected benefits of hazard identification are a decrease in the incidents of injuries，a decrease in lost work

7、days and absenteeism, a decrease in workers compensation costs， increased productivity， and better cooperation and communication.危險(xiǎn)源辨識(shí)的預(yù)期目標(biāo)包括：降低傷害事故的發(fā)生、減少工時(shí)損失和曠工、降低 工人賠償開(kāi)支、提高生產(chǎn)力、增進(jìn)合作與交流21、williams et al take issue with the notion that organisational culture reflects shared behaviours，beliefs，attitud

8、es and values. the argue that not all organisational members respond in the same way in any given situation, although there may be a tendency for them to adopt similar stystles of dress, modes of conduct，and perceptions of how the organisation does, or should, function.williams等人對(duì)組織文化反映了人們共同的行為、信念、態(tài)

9、度和價(jià)值觀這一主張 提出了異議。他們認(rèn)為，盡管組織成員可能會(huì)傾向于接受相似的著裝方式、行為 模式以及組織可能或應(yīng)該如何運(yùn)行的看法，但是并不是所有的組織成員在任何給定的情況下都會(huì)做岀同樣的反應(yīng)?！?8、an accident investigation is a fact-finding process and not a fault-finding process with the purpose of affixing blame. the end of any result of an accident investigation should be to assure that the

10、type of hazard or accident does not exist or occur in the future.事故調(diào)查是一個(gè)尋找事實(shí)的過(guò)程，而不是一個(gè)為了追究責(zé)任去尋找過(guò)錯(cuò)的過(guò)程。 事故調(diào)杳的任何結(jié)果的fi標(biāo)都皮該是為了確保這一類的危害或事故將來(lái)不再存 在或發(fā)生。29、in spite of their complexity, most accidents are preventable by eliminating one or more causes. accident investigations determine not only what happened，bu

11、t also how and why.盡管事故很復(fù)雜，但是大部分事故還是可以利用消除一個(gè)或多個(gè)致災(zāi)因素來(lái)預(yù)防 的。事故調(diào)查確定的不僅僅是發(fā)生了什么，還拈怎么發(fā)生的，為什么發(fā)生。36、the term “safety culture” first made its appearance in the 1987 oecd nuclear agency report on the 1986 chernobyl disaster. gaining international currency over the last decade，it is loosely used to describe the

12、 corporate atmosphere or culture in which safety is understood to be，and is accepted as, the number on priority.“安全文化”這概念首次岀現(xiàn)是在1987年歐洲經(jīng)合組織(oecd: organization for economic cooperation and development)核能機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)于1986年切爾諾貝利災(zāi)難的 報(bào)告中。隨著過(guò)去十年在詞際上的流行，被廣泛用于描述認(rèn)為并接受安全為首耍 問(wèn)題的企業(yè)氛圍和文化。40、in spite of their complexity，mo

13、st accidents are preventable by eliminating one or more causes.盡管事故很復(fù)雜，但是大部分事故還是可以利用消除一個(gè)或多個(gè) 致災(zāi)因素來(lái)預(yù)防的。41、underground coalmining has historically been one of the highest risk activities as far as the safety and health of the workforce are concerned.就(人們)所關(guān)心的工人安全與健康問(wèn)題而言，地下煤礦開(kāi)采在歷史上一直是高危 行業(yè)之一。42、mine ven

14、tilation is twofold in purpose: first, it maintains life，and secondly it carries off dangerous gases. the historic role of ventilation was to provide a flow of fresh air sufficient to replace the oxygen consumed by the miners working underground.礦山通風(fēng)的目標(biāo)有兩部分內(nèi)容：首先，維持生命；其次，帶走冇毐的氣體。礦山 通風(fēng)在歷史上重要的角色是提供足量的新

15、鮮空氣，以代替井卜工作的礦工所消耗 的氧氣。 43、in the past，mining occurred near the surface where natural light and ventilation was available. fires were used to draw fresh air into the mine and exhaust shafts vented the hot smoke out of the mine.過(guò)去，采礦業(yè)產(chǎn)生在地表附近，可利用自然光和通風(fēng)。人們用火驅(qū)動(dòng)新鮮空氣進(jìn) 入井下，出風(fēng)井把煙排出井外。三、長(zhǎng)句或小段落翻譯 1、one compreh

16、ensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by schein who has said that organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptionsinvented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integrationthat has w

17、orked well enough to be considered valid and，therefore，to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”.對(duì)組織文化的一種全面的定義是由schein提出的，他認(rèn)為組織文化是“一種基 木假設(shè)的模型由特定群體文化在處理外部適應(yīng)與內(nèi)部聚合問(wèn)題的過(guò)程屮發(fā) 明、發(fā)現(xiàn)或發(fā)展出來(lái)的由于運(yùn)作效果好而被認(rèn)可，并傳授給組織新成員以作 為理解、思考和感受相關(guān)問(wèn)題的正確方式?！?10、safety ha

18、s been intentionally integrated into the design and development of many systems- in some instances, however，the safety realized in a system was only a byproduct of good engineering practice. as systems have become more complex and expensive，safety problems have become more acute. because of accelera

19、ting technology and demands for a “first time safe” operation，a need has arisen to formally organize safety efforts throughout a systems life cycle. to meet this need, the concepts of system safety and the field of system safety engineering have evolved.安全已經(jīng)被有意識(shí)地整合進(jìn)許多系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中。然而，在某些情 況卜系統(tǒng)中所實(shí)現(xiàn)的安全僅

20、僅是比較好的工程實(shí)踐的副產(chǎn)品。隨著系統(tǒng)變得更 加復(fù)雜和昂貴，安全問(wèn)題也變得h益嚴(yán)重。由于科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展和“安全 第一”的操作需求，需要人們?cè)谙到y(tǒng)整個(gè)壽命周期內(nèi)規(guī)范地組織安全工作。為了 滿足這種需求，系統(tǒng)安全的概念和系統(tǒng)安全工程領(lǐng)域應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。 12、譯文： coal and gas outburst problems have been exacerbated significantly over the past decade because of higher productivity and the trend towards recovery of deeper coal seams

21、. however, despite of great efforts，surprisingly little progress has been made towards understanding outburst mechanism. prediction techniques continue to be unreliable and unexpected outburst incidents are still a major concern for underground coal mining.答案：隨著煤炭產(chǎn)量的提高以及煤礦丌采深度的增加，煤與扎斯突出事故在過(guò)去 的十年里越演越

22、烈。盡管人們?cè)诿号c瓦斯突出機(jī)理研究方面作出了很多努力，但 是收效甚微。由于前的預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)技術(shù)仍然達(dá)不到可靠的要求，突出事故仍然是 煤礦地下開(kāi)采的一大隱患。 13、methane, carbon dioxide and water are generated as by-products of the coal formation process. the proportions of each gas produced vary during the process. there are three mechanisms by which gas is stored within the coa

23、l seams. about 90per cent of the gas is absorbed onto the coal surface within the matrix pore structure; the remainder exists as free gas in the natural fracture (cleat) systems of the seams or is dissolved within the seam water.甲烷、二氧化碳和水是成煤過(guò)程屮產(chǎn)生的副產(chǎn)品。成煤過(guò)程屮各種氣體生成比例 不同。瓦斯通過(guò)三種途徑保存在煤層中。90%的氣體吸附在基質(zhì)孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)中煤

24、的 表面，剩余的氣體以cj由狀態(tài)存在于煤m的原生裂隙(割理)系統(tǒng)中或者溶解在 煤層水中。 14、figure 1 illustrates the variation of both total and adsorbed methane with respect to gas pressure and at constant temperature. the curve illustrating adsorbed methane is known as the adsorption isotherm. some 95 percent of the total gas will, typically, be in the adsorbed form, explaining the vast reserves of methane that are contained within many coal seams.圖1描述了