定語從句中可省略的關(guān)系副詞

1、精品資料歡迎下載（5）關(guān)系副詞的省略在某些表示時間的名詞后的關(guān)系副詞可以省略。如the time, every time, each time, the moment 等。到十四歲時，愛因斯坦已經(jīng)自學(xué)了高等數(shù)學(xué)。Do you still remember the day (when) we first met?你仍然記得我們第一次相遇的那一天嗎?在某些句子中表示地點的名詞后關(guān)系副詞有時也可以省略。如the place 等。 s the place(where) he lived when he was in Paris.This is the place (where) we met year

2、s ago.先行詞 the reason 后面的關(guān)系副詞可以省略。 s the reason(why) I asked you to come.The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.這就是他在巴黎時所住的地方。這就是多年前我們見面的地方。這就是我叫你來的原因。他那樣做的理由是非常清楚的。當(dāng)先行詞是way時，關(guān)系副詞常常省略。我非常喜歡你教我們的方式。5定語從句中需注意的事項（ 1）主謂一致問題這是指關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與先行詞一致的問題。取決于先行詞，先行詞是單數(shù)時，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)時，

3、從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.Mr. Smith , who is now downstairs, is asking to see you.史密斯先生要見你，他現(xiàn)在正在樓下。(定語從句的謂語動詞 is 根據(jù) Mr. Smith 而定。 )The Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you.史密斯夫婦要見你，他們正在樓下。(定語從句的謂語動詞 are 根據(jù) the Smiths 而定。 )“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the(only, very, right) one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”作主語時。謂語動詞

4、用單數(shù)形式。e.g.Jeff is one of the students who were awarded.杰夫是當(dāng)時獲獎的學(xué)生之一。(本句的先行詞是 the students，即所修飾的中心詞為the students，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)the students而定。 )Jeff is the only one of the students who was awarded.杰夫是唯一一個獲獎的學(xué)生。(本句的中心詞移到了 the only one，因此定語從句的謂語動詞需根據(jù)the only one 而定。 )（2） what, how 不可引導(dǎo)定語從句what 本身是復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞，等同于

5、“先行詞關(guān)系代詞 (which/that)?！币虼瞬荒苡?what 引導(dǎo)定語從句。e.g.Time is what we demand most.(=Time is all (that) we demand most.)我們所需要的就是時間。Tell me what is happening.(=Tell me something that is happening.)告訴我正在發(fā)生什么事。She isn what she used to be.(=She isn t the one (that) she used to be.)她不是過去的她了。how 為復(fù)合關(guān)系副詞。本身等同于the wa

6、y in which ，因此，不能用how 引導(dǎo)定語從句。e.g.I don t likehow you behave.(=I don t like the way(that/ in which) you behave.)我不喜歡你行事的方法。This is how I worked out this problem.(=This is the way (that/in which) I worked out this problem.)這就是我解出這道題的方法。（3）關(guān)系代詞that 和 which 的用法辨析that 和 which 在定語從句中都可作主語或賓語，指物。作賓語時，均可省略。

7、通常情況下，二者可互換使用。但有時卻不宜隨便互換。宜用that 的情況1）當(dāng)先行詞是等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時?，F(xiàn)在沒有多少應(yīng)該做的事情。傷害你的事我一點兒也沒做。2）當(dāng)先行詞是be 后面的表語，或者關(guān)系代詞本身在從句中作表語時。the one that it used to be.He is not the man that he was.3）當(dāng)主句以here, there 開頭時。 ve been looking for.There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken.4）當(dāng)先行詞有the only, the same, the

8、 very, the last 等詞修飾時。Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.這所學(xué)校已和原來的迥然不同了。他過去不是這樣的。這就是你一直在找的旅館。在角上還有一個空位。這些文章才是應(yīng)該讀的。聊天是她唯一感興趣的事。5）當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。精品資料歡迎下載6）當(dāng)主句是以who 或 which 開頭的特殊疑問句時。Which of us that knows something about physics cannot join electric wires?7）當(dāng)先行詞有兩個

9、或兩個以上，并且分別表示人和物時。宜用 which 的情況這是這座城市迄今為止所放過的最好的電影。站在門口的那個人是誰?我們中間懂物理的誰不會接電線?她把她所感興趣的人和物全拍攝了下來。1）在非限制性定語從句中。足球是很有趣的運動項目，被我們班里很多男生所喜愛。2）在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時。 m looking for a containerin which I can put all these coins.我想找一個能放下這些硬幣的容器。6初中階段學(xué)習(xí)定語從句的要點。上面我們詳細的復(fù)習(xí)了定語從句在初中階段所學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容，為了方便同學(xué)們記憶，下面我們把內(nèi)容梳理如下。定語

10、從句在句子中作定語，用來修飾一個名詞、名詞詞組或者代詞。被修飾的名詞、名詞詞組或代詞叫做先行詞；在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫做引導(dǎo)詞。（ 1）引導(dǎo)詞分為 “關(guān)系代詞 ”和 “關(guān)系副詞 ”。關(guān)系代詞有： who, whom, whose, that, which, as 。關(guān)系副詞有： when, where, why, that 。注意：關(guān)系副詞里面沒有how。如果要修飾方式，用 that 或 in which 引導(dǎo)，或者不用引導(dǎo)詞。e.g.I don t like the way(that, in which)he eyed me.我不喜歡他看我的那個樣子。（2）關(guān)系代詞 who

11、在從句中主要作主語，在非正式語體里who 還可以作從句中的賓語。e.g.He is the man who wants to see you.他就是想要見你的那個人。(who 在從句中作主語 )（3）關(guān)系代詞 whom 。e.g.He is the man whom I saw in the park yesterday.他就是我昨天在公園里見到的那個人。(whom 在從句中作賓語 )作賓語用的引導(dǎo)詞可以省略，因此上面的句子可以改寫如下：He is the man I saw in the park yesterday.（4）關(guān)系代詞 whose 用來指人或物， (只能用作定語，若指物，它還可

12、以同of which 互換 )。e.g.Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。（5）關(guān)系代詞 which 指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時在非正式語體中可以省略。e.g.They needed a plant which didn t need as much water as rice.他們需要一種不像水稻那么需要水的作物。(作主語 )注意：當(dāng)有 which 和 that 要進行選擇的情況下，以下情況要選which ：在非限制性定語從句中通常用which 作引導(dǎo)詞，而不能用that 做非限制性定語

13、從句的引導(dǎo)詞。修飾整個主句。e.g.I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.從那以后我再也沒有見到過朱莉葉，真是遺憾。修飾謂語部分e.g.He can swim in the river, which I cannot.他會在河里游泳，那正是我不會的。介詞 whiche.g.They are all questions to which there are no answers.那些問題都是無頭公案。（6）關(guān)系代詞 that 多用來指物，有的也可以用來指人；在從句中作主語或賓語。指物的時候多用that，也可用 which 。e.

14、g.It s a question that(which) needs careful consideration.這是一個需要仔細考慮的問題。(指物，作主語。 )注意：在以下的情況中，只能用that 作引導(dǎo)詞，而不能用which 作引導(dǎo)詞：先行詞為 all, everything, anything, nothing, little 等不定代詞時。e.g.All that she lacked was training.她所缺少的只是訓(xùn)練。注意： everything 等為先行詞時，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。e.g.This is the best film that I

15、have ever seen.這是我看過的電影中最好的一部。先行詞被序數(shù)詞和 the last 修飾時。先行詞中既有人又有物時。e.g.They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.他們談?wù)撍麄儏⒂^過的那些學(xué)校和老師們。主句是含有 who 或 which 的特殊疑問句，為了避免重復(fù)時。精品資料歡迎下載（7）關(guān)系代詞as 用于引導(dǎo)限制住定語從句時，多數(shù)和suchas 和the same as連用。我從未聽過他講的這種故事。注意： as 和 which 的區(qū)別：關(guān)系代詞 as 用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，應(yīng)

16、注意以下幾點： as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位于句末時，一般可以和which 互換。作者是在一個小村莊里長大的，這個問題在他的一些小說里已被提到過。但是，當(dāng)主句是否定句時，as 和 which 就不能互換，因為as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句不包含否定意義。 as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在句子的最前面，而which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句不能放在句首。你將會看到這樣一種情況，一切都已搞定了。典例剖析例題 1 Barbara, where do you work?I work for a company _ sells cars.A whichB whereCwhatD who解題技巧：首先譯這段小對

17、話“芭芭拉，你在哪兒工作？我在一家汽車銷售公司工作?！睆木淙鄙僦髡Z，這個定語從句，先行詞company 是表示事物的名詞，where 是副詞，不能作主語，what 不引導(dǎo)定語從句，who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞是指人的名詞。答案： A例題 A it2 Do you like the music _ makes you excited? B whatC thatD who解題技巧：這題是考查定語從句。先看先行詞music，是事物it ，what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，而who 的先行詞應(yīng)該是人稱或代人的名詞。答案： C例題3 The songs _ SHE sing are very popular

18、.( 北京市中考題)A which解題技巧：此題先行詞是Bwhosongs 是事物，所以選擇which 。C whom答案： ADwhose初中定語從句練習(xí)題1. Don t talk about such things of _ you are not sure.A. whichB. whatC. asD. those2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited la

19、st Friday?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnA. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice.A. at whichB. on thatC

20、. in whichD. of what7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A. becauseB. whyC. thatD. whether9. I ll tell you _ he told mes

21、tlaweek.A. all whichB. thatC. all thatD. which10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.A. whoseB. of whichC. in whichD. on which11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. asB. thatC. whichD. what t be found.精品資料歡迎下載12.He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry

22、.A. whichB. itC. thatD. what13.We re talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in ethconcert we attended last night.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that14.The girl _ an English song in the next room is Tom s sister.A. who is singingB. is singingC. sangD. was singing15.Those _ not only from books but al

23、so through practice will succeed.A. learnB. whoC. that learnsD. who learn16.Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.A. thatagainstB. thatagainstC. who is against D. who are against17.Didn t youesethe man _?A. I nodded just nowB. whom I nodded just nowC. I nodded to him just nowD. I nodded to just now18.Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about19.Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belongedB. that belongsC. that belongD. wh