英語基本句型之一：主系表結構

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx英語基本句型之一：主系表結構【精品文檔】英語基本句型講練1. 主系表結構：主語+系動詞+表語Link verbs: be, look, feel, sound, seem, taste, smell, become, go, turn, get, grow, prove, fall, keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, turn oute.g. 1) Smith is a boss/over 40/ smart/ in a room/ to go to see a film/ excited/out 2) Her job is looki

2、ng after the baby. 3) This dictionary is not hers but mine. 4) She looks happy/ felt happy/ fell ill/ went mad. 5) It is no use/ useless doing it now.2. Exx.(高考書面表達P6)Grammar Link verbs 系動詞又叫連系動詞：它是中學英語中的重要語法項目之一，也是歷屆高考考查重點和熱點。I：用法 連系動詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語一起構成謂語。表語通常由名詞、形容詞，或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當，說明主

3、語是什么或怎么樣。 II：分類英語中最常用的連系動詞有20個左右，一般分為四類：1：“存在”類：表示存在或具有某種特征或狀態(tài)。這類連系動詞強調(diào)“存在”。常見的有：be (是)， seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎、顯得)，prove (證明是) 等。例如：You are a student, arent you?你是學生，對嗎？He is very disappointed with the results of his examinations.他對考試結果很失望。Who looks after your dog while you are out? 你不在家誰來照料你的小狗？ The

4、theory he stuck to proved (to be) correct.他所堅持的理論證明是正確的。 The maths problem seems difficult. 這道數(shù)學題似乎很難。 She appears much younger than she really is. 她看上去比實際上年輕。（be動詞，其后面可以是名詞、形容詞、分詞、副詞、介詞短語等作表語）2：感官（動詞）類 表示感情狀態(tài)的五個感官動詞：look看上去, feel摸起來, taste嘗起來, smell聞起來, sound聽起來: （它們一般不用進行時，也不用被動態(tài)）You looks very ha

5、ppy today, whats the good news? 你今天看來很高興，什么好消息？What you said sounds reasonable? 你說的話聽起來很有道理。The apple tastes good and sells well. 這蘋果嘗起來很甜，而且很好賣The dish smelled good(sweet)那道菜聞起來好香。3：“持續(xù)”類：表示某種情況或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)。這類連系動詞強調(diào)“持續(xù)”。常見的有：remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，continue(繼續(xù)、仍舊)，stand(處于某狀況或情形)等。例如：Why don't y

6、ou put the meat in the fridge？It will stay fresh for several days. 為什么不把肉放在冰箱里？那樣可以保鮮好幾天。It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter? 已經(jīng)10點了，這商店還關著門。怎么回事？Keep still while I photograph you.我在給你照相時不要亂動。The weather continued cold.天氣持續(xù)寒冷。The door stood open. 門開著。

7、4. “變化”類：表示由一種情況或狀態(tài)變化成另一種情況或狀態(tài)。這類連系動詞強調(diào)“變化”后的情況或狀態(tài)。常見的有：become (變成)，turn (變成)，grow (變得)，go (變得)等。例如：Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather. 把魚放在冰箱里，否則會變壞的。Spring comes and the trees turn green. 春天來了，樹葉變綠了。It is five years since he became a soldier.他參軍五年了。注意： 1. 有些連系動詞通常不用于被動語態(tài)和

8、進行時態(tài)中。如：feel，taste等詞。2. 一般情況下，連系動詞主要跟形容詞或分詞作表語。例如： Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car. 3. 能跟名詞作表語的連系動詞常見的有：be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等。The population growth in China remains a problem.中國的人口增長依然是個問題。He went to New York in 1986, whe

9、re some time later he became a writer.他1986年去了紐約，過了一段時間他在那成了一位作家。注：turn后跟 (表示主語身份的)名詞作表語時，不加冠詞。例如： Twenty years later, he turned teacher. 二十年后，他成了作家。4. 連系動詞也可跟不定式(to do / to be)，常見的有： appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如。Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to b

10、e seen whether they will enjoy it. 出國旅游對這對老夫婦來說當然很好，但他們能否玩得愉快還有待看結果。 On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time. 在這次長途旅行中，皮特證明是一位很有趣的導游。我們都玩得很開心。Exercises （A）高考鏈接 1. The traffic lights _ green and I pulled away. (2006廣東) A. came B. grew C. got D. we

11、nt2. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(04上海) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt3. I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. _good. (2006湖北) A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds4. Someone who lacks staying power and p

12、erseverance is unlikely to _ a good researcher. (2006山東) A. make B. turn C. get D. grow5. Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. (2006安徽) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly6. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, b

13、ut it remains _whether they will enjoy it. (2002全國)   A. to see    B. to be seen   C. seeing    D. seen7. The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. (2006全國)  A. was felt  B. is felt   C. felt   D

14、. feels8. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. (2003全國)    A. be stayed    B. stay    C. be staying     D. have stayed9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was mak

15、ing a landing. (2004上海春) A. seat B. seatingC. seatedD. to be seating10. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _ run over by a car. (2002北京) A. have B. get C. become D. passed11. Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ twenty-one already. (2004天津)A. become B. turned C. grown D

16、. passed12. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. (2004全國)A. get changedB. get change C. get changing D. get to change13. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale. (2004湖北)A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared14. Emergency line operators must al

17、ways calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.（07湖北） A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay15Please remain_ until the plane has come to a complete stop. (07山東)Ato seal Bto be seated Cseating Dseated 16.Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard? No, dear. They dont

18、_ well. Put them in the fridge instead.(02北京) A. keep B. fit C. get D. last 17. My parents have always made me about myself, even when I was twelve（07江蘇）A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good18. Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. (94全國) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D

19、. is felt19. What he said sounds_. (1993上海)    A. nicely     B. pleasantly    C. friendly      D. wonderfully20. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor. (2002春上海)A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. contin

20、ues 21Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. (1994全國)A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt（B）鞏固訓練1. He turned _ ten years ago but later he became _.   A. a teacher; a doctor     B. teacher; doctor   C. teacher; a doctor     

21、0;  D. a teacher; doctor2. The dog _lost yesterday.    A. got    B. became    C. turned      D. fell3. The old man must have _ mad.    A. gone    B. turned    C. fallen  

22、 D. driven4. I am afraid the weather will _ hot for a few days.    A. last  B. be lasted  C. stay  D. be stayed5. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A. does B. feels C. getsD. makes6. It was so large a hall that a

23、hundred people looked _ in it.A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost7. As time went on, the theory he stuck _ correct. A. to proving B. to prove C. to proved D. proved8.Why do you look so sad? There are many problems _.A. remaining to settle B. remained to settle C. remaining to be settled D. r

24、emained to be settled9.After the big flood, very little _ in the house. A. kept B. remained C. left D. continued10. _, the bananas sold well. A. Looking nice and tasting good B. looked nice and tasted good C. Looking nicely and tasting well D. Being looked nice and tasted good答案：15 DBDAA 610 BCBCB 1

25、115 BACDD 1620 ADCCB Key: 15 CAACB 610 BCCBAThere be 結構：歷年高考真題與提升訓練選編1. _ is no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.(1991上海)AIt has B. There has C. It is D. There is 2. What a pity my new computer doesnt work. _ must be something wrong with it.(1999 A. It B. Th

26、ere C. This D. That 3. Since you have repaired my TV set, _ is no need for me to buy a new one.(2002上海春 A. it B. there C. this D. that 4. _ ought to be no trouble because he knew the answers.A. It B. There C. He D. That 5.There seems to be something wrong about it,_? A. wasnt there B. isnt it C. doe

27、snt it D. doesnt there 6. The waiter spilled wine on the carpet but _ was no harm done. A. this B. it C. that D. there 7. There _ no buses, we had to go home on foot. A. are B. were C. being D. to be 8. Once upon a time_ a poor farmer who had four sons. A. there lived B. there had C. it had D. they

28、had 9. _ great changes in our school since last year. A. There were B. There had been C. There have had D. There have been 10. There _two apples, one watermelon and some bananas in the basket. A. was B. is C. has D. are Key: 15 DBBBD 610 DCADDB. There + be+主語（存在句型）專練1. 英語中的there be 結構主要表示某處存在某物，通常還被

29、稱為存在句。其實there be結構屬于一種倒裝句，there 放在句首的倒裝，be動詞是謂語動詞，主語是句子后的名詞。問：學習there be 句型要注意哪些方面？ 答：學習there be句型應注意以下幾個方面1. there be 結構的主謂一致問題在there be句型中，如果句子只有一個主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于be后面的名詞，即：若主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如果句子有兩個或兩個以上的主語，謂語動詞通常與靠近的主語保持一致。如：There is still a little water in my cup. 我杯子里還有點水。There is a teacher and several students over there. 那邊有一位老師和幾個學生。There are a number of students playing football on the playground. 操場上有幾個學生踢球。2用于there be結構的動詞 在there be結構中，并不是只能用be動詞，還可以用lie, stand ,live, exist等動詞。如： Once upon a time there lived six blind man in I