形容詞副詞比較級最高級變化形式歸納

1、.形容詞比較級最高級變化形式歸納一般單音節(jié)詞后面直接加-er , -est如： tall;cheap; short; quick; thick; light; cool; warm; quiet; wild; calm以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾只加 -r ，-st如： late-later-latest；large-larger-largest“以輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾的詞改 y 為 i ，再加 -er, -est如： easy-easier-easiest; pretty-prettier-prettiest; heavy-heavier-heaviest以一個(gè)元音加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞（即重

2、讀閉音節(jié)詞 ），雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母再加 er ，-est 如： thin-thinner-thinnest;hot-hotter-hottest; big-bigger-biggest特別提醒： new, few, slow, clean等詞含有字母組合，且發(fā)的是長元音，不用雙寫。 大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)的詞( 即音標(biāo)中含有三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上元音音素的詞) ，要在前面加 more ， most如 :beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful;serious-moreserious-themostserious特別提醒：以形容前綴un 構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況

3、，如： unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest特別提醒： early -earlier-earliest由 ing分詞和 -ed 分詞演變過來的形容詞( 包括不規(guī)則動詞如knowknown)只能加more 或 most 來表示它們的比較級和最高級。interesting-moreinteresting-mostinteresting； boring-moreboring-mostboring;excited-more excited-most excited;tired-more tired -mosttired少數(shù)單音節(jié)

4、詞前面加more, most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級，這類形容詞一般為表語形容詞和由過去分詞變成的形容詞afraid-moreafraid-mostafraid;fond-more fond-mostfond;glad-moreglad-most gladbored - more bored- most bored; pleased- more pleased- most pleased 下 列 形 容 詞 的 比 較 級 和 最 高 級 有 兩 種 形 式 :既 可 加 -er/-est也 可 加more/moststrict, friendly, clever, cruel下列形容詞沒有比較級和

5、最高（即表示“最高程度”或“絕對狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高級）如 ： empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct,不規(guī)則變化good/well-better-bestbad/badly/ill-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther/further -farthest/furthestold-older/elder-oldest/eldest特別提醒： further不僅可以指“距離更遠(yuǎn)

6、”，還可指“程度更深”。. .下載可編輯. .如： further study(進(jìn)修 ) ； further education(繼續(xù)教育) ； further information( 進(jìn)一步的信息 ) elder 僅用于同輩之間的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐 ) elder brother (哥哥 ) less作為“更少”僅用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少”要用fewer 。副詞比較級最高級變化形式歸納1. 一般副詞 ( 形容詞與副詞同形 )hard harderhardestfast fasterfastestlate laterlatestearly earli

7、erearliest2. 特殊副詞 （不規(guī)則變形）wellbetterbestmuch more mostbadlyworse worstlittlelessleast3.開放類副詞開放類副詞即以形容詞加后綴-ly結(jié)尾的副詞應(yīng)在副詞原形前加more 或 most。如： quicklymore quicklymost quicklyquietlymore quietlymost quietlyslowly more slowly most slowly形容詞比較級和最高級的用法1. 三者或三者以上相比 , 最高 , 用“ the + 最高級” 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。后跟表范圍的介詞短語: in our c

8、lass , of them five,of the three, ofall , in ChinaEg : Zhanghuais the tallest.(三人中 )( 注意： John is the taller of the two boys. (比較級前定冠詞 the 不可?。?)2. 表示在三者及以上的人或物中進(jìn)行選擇時(shí) ,Who / Which + be + 最高級 , A, B, or C ?Eg: Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack, or David?Tom, Jack與 David 三個(gè)人中誰最高？3.表示 ,“最 . 之一”的句式 , 用 one

9、of the +形容詞最高級 +復(fù)數(shù)名詞a. Honghong is one of the best students in our class.b. SuZhou is one of the most beautiful cities in China. .下載可編輯. .4. 當(dāng)最高級前有物主代詞或者名詞所有格，省略thea. Monday is my busiest day.星期一是我最忙的一天.b. Jackis Jimsbestfriend.Jack是 Jim 最好的朋友 .5.最高級前可加序數(shù)詞 .The Yellow River is the secondlongest rive

10、r in China.6. 最高級修飾作表語的名詞 , 代詞時(shí) , 被修飾的詞往往省略 . eg: He is the tallest (boy ) in his class.比較應(yīng)在同類事物之間進(jìn)行。誤： Your English is better than me.正： Your English is better than mine.比較級前可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語，最常見的三大修飾詞是：a little, much, even。以下單詞也可用來修飾：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。My sister is a little taller than

11、 me.Their house is much larger than ours.另外，名詞短語也可修飾比較級，說明程度。I m three years older than he.特別提醒： very, quite, too不可修飾比較級。避免重復(fù)使用比較級。誤： He is more kinder to small animals than I.正： He is much kinder to small animals than I.誤： He is more cleverer than his brother.正： He is cleverer than his brother.比較要符

12、合邏輯，在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時(shí)，避免將主語含在比較對象中，這時(shí)需使用 other 來排除自身。誤： China is larger that any country in Asia.正： China is larger than any other country in Asia.誤： John studies harder than any student in his class.正： John studies harder than any other student in his class.正： John studies harder than any of the other stud

13、ents in his class.正： John studies harder than anyone else in his class.比較要遵循前后一致的原則，注意前后呼應(yīng)。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. .下載可編輯. .It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent.The Yellow River is the second longest ri

14、ver in China.This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.為避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，those 代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。one 既可指人又可指物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The weather in China is different from that in America.The book on the table is more interesting than that(或 the one)on the desk.A bo

15、x made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.誤： In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.正： In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.“否定詞+比較級”相當(dāng)于最高級。-Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?-I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds grea

16、t to me.Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiestthing.比較級前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者，且比較級后又有名詞或出現(xiàn)了 of the two ，這時(shí)比較級前一定要加 the 。He is the taller of the two.Of the two jobs， he chose the harder.Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?試比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia

17、?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.不含 than 的比較級前可加不定冠詞修飾，構(gòu)成“ a/an+ 比較級 +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示“一個(gè)更 的人 / 物”。Why dont you use a sharper knife?你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢？比較級than后應(yīng)用人稱代詞的主格，但非正式語體中常用賓格。He is taller than I/me.為避免重復(fù)，比較級中同樣的動詞用助動

18、詞do, does, did替代。I spend less time doing homework than John does.She tells more funny jokes than we do.以下內(nèi)容不是初中教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，僅供拓展之用。形容詞most 前面沒有the ，不表示最高級的含義，只表示“非?！?。It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法. .下載可編輯. . A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B

19、.The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/ 這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。 A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/ 亞洲比歐洲大三倍。 A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is thr

20、ee times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用 times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或 double.形容詞副詞比較級最高級重點(diǎn)句型歸納句型一：形容詞或副詞比較級+than注意事項(xiàng)：該句型為比較級的最基本句型。只要看到than ，即可確定前面使用比較級。He is taller than I am.The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.句型二： less +形容詞的原級+ than注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示“不如、不及”，特別需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比

21、較級，后面必須跟形容詞的原級，否定就造成了比較級的重復(fù)使用。This computer is less expensive than that one.句型三： as + 形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示對比的兩者程度相當(dāng)，as 之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級，決不能使用比較級。此外，還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個(gè)as 前的動詞，如果是系動詞（如 be，感官動詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel等），那么就用形容詞的原級，如果前面的動詞是一般的實(shí)義動詞，那么就必須用副詞的原級修飾動詞。This lesson is as easy a

22、s that one.Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.特別提醒： asas 之間也可以跟名詞，句型如下： as + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 +asHe is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。 as + many/much+ 不可數(shù)名詞 / 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+asI can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少紙，我也能。I have as many books as you do.我的書和你的一樣多。We ll give

23、 you as much help as we can.我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。其它幾個(gè)關(guān)于asas 的句型： asas one can：盡其所能He began to run as fast as he could. asas possible：盡可能Please helpusas quickly as possible. .下載可編輯. . as soon as 一 就 He will call me as soon as he comes here.句型四： not as/so +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示“前者不如后者 ”，往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個(gè)as

24、 可以換為so。This classroom is not as bright as yours.I cannot run as fast as you.句型五： the + 形容詞或副詞最高級+ in / of / among +比較范圍注意事項(xiàng)：如果這里為副詞最高級，前面的the 常常省略。介詞in 和 of 的用法完全不一樣。in 表示“在某一范圍內(nèi)”，如：in the classroom， in the world。 of 表示“在同類之間”，of 后面的詞與主語同類，另名詞前一般有冠詞the 。 among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之間”，among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。The

25、 Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.Peter is the tallest of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these.句型六： one of +形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式注意事項(xiàng)：one of 有三大考點(diǎn)： 1. 后跟形容詞最高級； 2. 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式； 3. 作主語時(shí)主語為one，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.句型七：

26、比較級+and + 比較級 / more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示“越來越 ”，如果該形容詞比較級構(gòu)成形式加er ，則用前面的句型；如果該形容詞比較級加more 構(gòu)成，則用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hotter.The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.句型八： the + 比較級 +, the +比較級 +注意事項(xiàng)：該句型意思為“越 就越 ”，表示兩種情況同時(shí)變化。The more you eat, the fatter you will be.In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.