情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)(modal verbs + have + past participle)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞原型連用，表示對(duì)目前或?qū)?lái)情況的看法或態(tài)度情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和完成時(shí)連用時(shí)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的看法或態(tài)度。1. should+have+過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該”實(shí)際上是說(shuō)話人在表達(dá)責(zé)備，抱怨或遺憾的意思。We should have cut away the jun gle bush.我們本應(yīng)該把叢林的灌木砍掉。How I regretted the days whe n I had played and should have studied.我多么懊悔我把本應(yīng)該好好學(xué)習(xí)的日子都玩掉了。should

2、n ' t+have過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去本不應(yīng)該而實(shí)際上做了的動(dòng)作。You shouldn ' t have told anyone about it.你本來(lái)不應(yīng)該告訴任何人。They shouldn * t have left so soon.他們本來(lái)不應(yīng)該去得那么早。2. ought to + have + 過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去 本應(yīng)該”相當(dāng)于“should + have +過(guò)去分詞”You ought to have helped him.你本應(yīng)該幫他一把。You ought to have retur ned these books to the school library

3、last week.上周你就應(yīng)該把這些書(shū)還 給學(xué)校圖書(shū)室。否定形式oughtn * t to + have +過(guò)去分詞=shouldn * t + have +過(guò)去分詞eg. You oughtn ' t to have taken his umbrella away.你不該把他的傘拿走。He ough tn ' t to have been there.他本不應(yīng)該到那去。3. must + have +過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，譯成當(dāng)時(shí)一定；想必已經(jīng)；當(dāng)時(shí)可能”What a challe nge I must have bee n to this young teache

4、r.對(duì)這位年輕教師來(lái)說(shuō)，教我這樣的學(xué)生 當(dāng)時(shí)一定是個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last ni ght.因?yàn)闇侠餄q滿了水，昨晚一定下過(guò)雨了。表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的否定推測(cè)時(shí)。要用“can'(couldn ' t+ have +過(guò)去分詞” 一般不用“ mustn' t + have + 過(guò)去分詞”Joe can ' t have left. I saw him just now.喬不可能離開(kāi)了，剛才我還看見(jiàn)他了。The party couldn ' t have been

5、 successful as you had hoped.舞會(huì)不可能象你希望的那樣成功?！?must + have +過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句用have (has),有明確表 示過(guò)去時(shí)間 的狀語(yǔ)(before除外)反意疑問(wèn)句用did.He must have finished his homework, hasn' t he?他準(zhǔn)把作業(yè)做完了。對(duì)嗎？He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn' t he?他昨晚上肯定參加會(huì)議了，是嗎？4. may (might) + have +過(guò)去分詞表

6、示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，可用于肯定句，否定句，但不用于疑問(wèn)句In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical technique.作為扌艮答，我也許教 給了你們一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)醫(yī)療技術(shù)。Might he have been caught and killed?他有可能被抓住殺掉了嗎？might + have +過(guò)去分詞也能表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情的可能性的推測(cè)，有本應(yīng)該”含有婉轉(zhuǎn)責(zé)備的意思。You might have listened to me while I was talking to you.我對(duì)你講話時(shí)你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽(tīng)才對(duì)。

7、 You might have let me know before you went out.外出之前，你本應(yīng)該先告訴我一聲。5. can (could) + have +過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)?！癱an + have +過(guò)去分詞” 一般多用于疑 問(wèn)句和否定句，不用于肯定句。Can he have gone yesterday?難道他昨天就已經(jīng)走了嗎？They can ' t have lost themselves in the woods, because I drew a map to them.他們不可能在森 林中迷路，因?yàn)槲医o他們畫(huà)了一張畫(huà)。Bill couldn &

8、#39;htave gone home this weekend. I saw him at the school ground this morning.本周末貝爾不可能回家，今天下午我還在學(xué)校操場(chǎng)上看見(jiàn)他了。Mary can 't have gone to school. It* s Sun day.瑪麗不可能去上學(xué)，今天是星期天。在表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的推測(cè)時(shí)，可用could/ might / may +完成時(shí)。They could/might/may have heard the news from smith.他們也許從史蜜斯那兒聽(tīng)到了這個(gè)消息。6. need + have +過(guò)去

9、分詞表示過(guò)去“沒(méi)有必要做”，但實(shí)際做了。有責(zé)備的意思。否定形式表示“做了本不應(yīng)該做”的事You n eedn * t have woken me up so early. It' s Sun day today.你沒(méi)有必要這么早就叫醒我，(因?yàn)?今天是星期天。You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本來(lái)不必澆這些花，因?yàn)樘炀鸵掠?了。You needn't have told him the news; he knew it already.你不必再告訴他這個(gè)消息，他已經(jīng)知道 了。Y

10、ou needn't have walked up; you could have taken the lift.你沒(méi)必要走著上去；你本來(lái)可以乘電 梯。didn't need to do( =1 didn't have to)的 “本沒(méi)有必要做也沒(méi)有做”I didn't need to go to the bank. I borrowed some money from Mary.我不必去銀行-我找瑪麗借了 點(diǎn)兒錢翻譯理解以下句子:1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.2. You mu

11、st have been mad to speak to an animal.3. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.4. Mary can't have take n your dicti on ary. She has gone home.5. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?6. There is no where to find them. Where can they have

12、 gone?7. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.8. What has happened to George?I don't know. He may have got lost.9. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.10. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.11 Tom, you are too lazy

13、. The work should have been finished yesterday.12. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldrTt have been so harsh on him.13. I ought to have gone home last Sun day.14. You ought not to have given him more help.15. I needn't have bought so much wine only five people came.鞏固性練習(xí)：從 A、B C、D 中選擇最佳答案。1 You didn 1

14、 t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?No, but we. He didn 1 t return home at all.A. couldn 1 t have waitedB. needn ' t have沒(méi)有必要做但實(shí)際做了C. didn ' t need t沒(méi)有必要做實(shí)際也沒(méi)有做D. should wait2 Harry have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could B. might C. should D. must3 M

15、ay I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o1 clock tonight ? 4T m sorry, Mr. Smit_h to a con fere nee before the n."A. will have goneB. had goneC. would have goneD. has gone4. Tom took away my cell phone without being permitted.Really? I can 1 t imagine that he have done such a thing.A. must

16、B. may C. canD. should 5 Was it Mary who made the suggestion? It have been. I can ' t remember.A. need B. must 6 The C. shouldD. mayweather turned umbrella out t0 be fine yesterday. Ithe trouble to carry mywith me .A. should have takenC. needn't have takenB. could have takenD. mustn't ha

17、ve taken7 He paid for a seat, when he have entered free.A. couldB. would C. mustD. need8 I didn ' t see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting .A. mustn 1 t have spoken B. mightn 1 t have spokenC. can 11 have spokenD. shouldn 11 have spoken9- 一 Hi, is that Peter Brown?Sorry. Yo

18、u the wrong number.A. must dialB must have dialedC. should dialD. should have dialed10. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. Theyatleast 150 kilometers an hour.A. should have been doingB. must have been doingC. could have doneD. would have done11. He is not poor. Yo

19、u _ have lent him the money.A. can ' t B. needn ' t C. couldn * t D. mustn't12. There was plenty of time. Youhave hurried.A. won't B. mustn 11C. needn * t D. couldn't13. I _ here in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and talked with him forsome time.A. shouldn 11 have comeB. must have comeC. needn ' t have comeD. could have come14. They _ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hardA. must B. could C should D. might15. He was sent to hospital. Something to him.A. must happ