英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門上冊(cè)u(píng)nit2

1、英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門英語(yǔ)國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門（上冊(cè)）（上冊(cè)）The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking CountriesAn Introduction(Book One)The United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern IrelandUnit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom IIQuizGive the English and a brief explanation for the following: 愛爾蘭共和軍 北愛和平協(xié)議

2、復(fù)活節(jié)起義 新芬黨 自治法案Focal Points A brief introduction to Northern Ireland The colonial history of Ireland -The Home Rule Bill -The Easter Rising of 1916 -The religious conflicts between the Irish and British Various conflicts in Northern Ireland The British and Irish governments working together to find a

3、 practical solution to the conflicts in Northern Ireland The Unit Is Divided into Four SectionsI. A Brief Introduction to Northern IrelandII. The Colonial History of IrelandIII. Various Conflicts in Northern Ireland IV. The British and Irish Governments Working Together to Find a Solution to the Con

4、flictsI. A Brief Introduction to Northern Ireland Northern Ireland (often called Ulster ): the smallest of the four nations; Mostly rural with low hills and a rugged coastline; Active and rich cultural life; Living standards comparatively low and crime also very low; Some trouble in its economy. A B

5、rief Introduction to Northern IrelandLeft: Map of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandRight: map of Northern Ireland I. A Brief Introduction to Northern Ireland Belfast, old and new Landscape and Giants CausewayII. The Colonial History of Ireland The Home Rule Bill The Easter Ris

6、ing of 1916 The Sinn Fein Party Partition of Ireland in 1921 Religious conflicts between the Irish and the BritishThe Home Rule Bill On 11, April 1912, the Prime Minister introduced the Third Home Rule Bill, allowing more autonomy than its two predecessors. The Bill was finally passed in 1914, but t

7、he process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.The Home Rule BillEdward Carson and 470,000 Unionists in the North of Ireland signed the Solemn League and Covenant in September,1912. In this document, they declared that they would use any means necessary

8、 to prevent the introduction of Home Rule in Ireland. The Easter Rising of 1916 The Easter Rising of 1916 was the most spectacular event, in which rebels took over Dublin Post Office, forcing the British to take it back by military means. The leaders of the rebellion were executed.The Easter Rising

9、of 1916(Below: Damage caused by the Irish Republican Armys armed rebellion against British rule that took place on Easter Day in 1916, in Dublin)The Sinn Fein Party The Sinn Fein Party is an Irish republican political party, founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith, and has been associated with the Provis

10、ional Irish Republican Army and supported the IRA s right to fight. Gerry Adams has been the party President since 1983. Sinn Fein is currently the second-largest party in the Northern Ireland Assembly. The Sinn Fein Party Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams (1948- ) is an Irish republican politician, pres

11、ident of the Sinn Fein political party.The Partition of Ireland in 1921 The partition of Ireland was the division of the island of Ireland into two distinct territories, Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, and the now Republic of Ireland, an independent state. The Religious Conflicts bet

12、ween the Irish and the British Thirteen unarmed protestors were shot dead at the march which was held in the name of Catholic civil rights in Londonderry on January 30, 1972. This is known as Bloody Sunday.The Religious Conflicts Between the Irish and the British The Catholics clashed with the polic

13、e when they tried to stop the Protestants demonstrations in Dublin on Feb. 25, 2006.III. Various Conflicts in Northern Ireland The Roman Catholics in Northern Ireland starting the Civil Rights Movement by means of marches, speeches and sit-ins in order to get equal rights as Protestants; Protestants

14、 counter-demonstrations and their attacks in Catholic areas; A campaign of bombing and shooting by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) III. Various Conflicts in Northern Ireland The British security forces sent to Northern Ireland to restore order; The Protestants setting up their own illegal “paramilit

15、ary” groups and taking revenge on Catholics; Power-sharing mechanismThe Irish Republican Army The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is any of several armed movements in Ireland in the 20th and 21st centuries dedicated to Irish republicanism, the belief that all of Ireland should be an independent republic

16、.A Campaign of Bombing and Shooting by the IRA Catholic priest Father Alec Reid administered the last rights to Corporal David Howes, one of two British soldiers brutally beaten and murdered by the IRA on March 19, 1988.Power-Sharing Mechanism In 1973, an agreement of Power-Sharing mechanism was rea

17、ched allowing the minority Catholic population political influence. Majority Protestants were outraged and went on strike, eventually leading to the collapse of the power-sharing group. The Northern Irish parliament was suspended and replaced it with “direct-rule” from London.IV. The British and Iri

18、sh Governments Working Together to Find a Solution to the Conflicts The leaders of Sinn Fein speaking of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, which was called the policy of “The Bullet and the Ballot Box.” In January1974,the British Prime Minister setting up a power-sharing executives. The Anglo-

19、Irish Agreement that was signed between the two governments in 1985.IV. The British and Irish Governments Working Together to Find a Solution to the Conflicts The Downing Street Declaration was issued by the British and Irish Prime Ministers in 1993. The Good Friday Agreement was published in 1998.T

20、he Downing Street Declaration The Downing Street Declaration said that Britain had “no selfish or strategic interest” in Northern Ireland and that “it is for the people of Ireland alone, by agreement between the two parts, to decide its future, “to bring about a united Ireland if that is their wish”. (Right: John