清華大學(xué)跨文化課程教案7

1、chapter 7 cultural patterns 黑龍江大學(xué)外語(yǔ)部learning objectives: in this chapter, the teacher should enable the students to:w1. understand the definition of cultural patterns.w2. describe the components of cultural patterns.wsummarize the theory about cultural patterns.w4. evaluate the importance of cultura

2、l patterns. chapter 7 cultural patternschapter outline cultural patternsbeliefsvalueshuman natureperson-naturecomponents edward t hallscontext - culture theoryk l u c k h o h n a n d strodtbecks value orientationdefinition normss o c i a l practicestime activity relational individualism and collecti

3、vismu n c e r t a i n t y avoidancepower distancem a s c u l i n i t y femininityhigh-contextlow-contextw a y s o f thinkingw a y s o f actinghofstedes dimensions of cultural variabilitychapter 7 cultural patternslead-in case: marriage and social status(1) why did shaeed quit the idea of marrying th

4、e indonesian young lady, even though they loved each other very much? (2) in what way did the indonesian young ladys mother refuse shaheeds mothers marriage proposal? and what did she mean by serving bananas with the tea?(3) how does this case reflect the ways of indonesian communication? chapter 7

5、cultural patterns1. ways of thinking cultural patterns are shared mental programs that govern specific behavior choices. 2. ways of acting cultural patterns are not so much consciously taught as unconsciously experienced as a by-product of day-to-day activities text a: defining cultural patternschap

6、ter 7 cultural patterns text b: components of cultural patterns chapter 7 cultural patternscultural patternss o c i a l practices norms beliefs values a belief is an idea that people assume to be true about the world. for example:1) a widely shared belief dates back to the time when europeans believ

7、ed that the earth was flat2) a belief for many european americans is that in “reality” there is a separation between the physical and spiritual worlds. beliefschapter 7 cultural patternsvalues values involve what a culture regards as good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just or unjust, beaut

8、iful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or inappropriate, and kind or cruel. chapter 7 cultural patternsnorms norms are the socially shared expectations of appropriate behaviors. norms may change over a period of time, whereas beliefs and values tend to be much more enduring

9、. chapter 7 cultural patternssocial practices social practices are the predictable behavior patterns that members of a culture typically follow. thus, social practices are the outward manifestations of beliefs, values, and norms. chapter 7 cultural patternstext c: edward t. halls context-culture the

10、ory1）the definition of context: “the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the mean-ing of the event.” 2）categorization of high-context culture and low-context culture depending on the degree to which meaning comes from the set-tings or from the words being exchanged.

11、 chapter 7 cultural patternshigh-context culturew “a high context (hc) communication or message is one in which most of the i n f o r - m a t i o n i s already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmit-ted part of the message. tea ceremony chapter 7 cultural patternslow-c

12、ontext culturew a low context (lc) communication is just the opposite; i.e., the mass of the information is vested in the explicit code.” an american standing on chair in restaurantgiving speech at his leaving his hometown chapter 7 cultural patternscultures arranged along the high-context and low-c

13、ontext dimension w high-context culturesw japanese w chinesew koreanw african americanw native americanw arabw greekw latinw italianw englishw frenchw americanw scandinavianw germanw german-swissw lower-context cultureschapter 7 cultural patternscase analysis - “wrong signals”w (1) what is the probl

14、em shown in this case?w (2) why did ning tong keep silent? what information do you think he wanted to convey?w (3) why did tom get so angry? what is his interpretation of ning tongs silence? chapter 7 cultural patternswhats the values reflected in the following proverbs? wblood is thicker than water

15、. wtime is money.wa mans house is his castle. wthe early bird catches the worm. w人之初，性本善。w天人感應(yīng)。w一人得道，雞犬升天。w以人為鑒，可以明得失；以史為鑒，可以知興替。 chapter 7 cultural patternshindu ethics 1. human nature orientation2. person-nature orientation3. time orientation 4. activity orientation 5. relational orientationtext d

16、: kluckhohn and strodtbecks value orientationchapter 7 cultural patterns1. human nature orientation (1) humans are evil but changeable, (2) humans are evil and unchangeable, (3) humans are neutral with respect to good and evil, (4) humans are a mixture of good and evil, (5) humans are good but chang

17、eable, and (6) humans are good and unchangeable.good but corruptible evil but perfectible chapter7 cultural patterns2. person-nature orientation(1) mastery with nature（注：圖片為愚公移山）(2) harmony with nature（注：圖片為中藥材）(3) subjugation to nature （注：圖片為印尼海嘯）subjugation to nature harmony with nature mastery wi

18、th nature mastery with nature chapter 7 cultural patterns3. time orientation a. value - past orientation b. value - present orientation c. value - future orientationchapter 7 cultural patterns4. activity orientationw a. value - doing orientation w b. value - being orientation w c. value - being-in-b

19、ecoming orientation chapter 7 cultural patterns5. relational orientationw a. value - individualism orientation w b. value - lineality orientation w c. value - collaterality orientation chapter 7 cultural patternsexploring ideasw what would you add or change to more accurately express the chinese ori

20、entation to relation? is the relational orientation changing? what is your evidence? chapter 7 cultural patternstext e: hofstedes cultural dimensions1. individualism versus collectivism 2. uncertainty avoidance3. power distance4. masculinity versus femininity chapter 7cultural patterns1. individuali

21、sm versus collectivismthe characteristics of cultures that value individualism w peoples personal goals take priority over their groups like the family or the employer. w the loyalty of individualists to a given group is very weak.w people feel they belong to many groups and are apt to change their

22、membership as it suits them, switching churches, for example, or leaving one employer for another. -daniel goleman chapter 7 cultural patterns2. uncertainty avoidancew uncertainty avoidance deals with the degree to which members of a culture try to avoid uncertainty. w hofstede summarizes the view o

23、f people in high uncertainty avoidance cultures as “what is different, is dangerous,” and the belief of people in low uncertainty avoidance cultures as “what is different, is curious”. chapter 7 cultural patterns3. power distancew power distance is “the extent to which the less powerful members of i

24、nstitutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally”. w how do you interpret the relationship between the following pairs in both high and low power distance culture ? parents-children teacher-student boss-employeechapter 7 cultural patterns4. masculinity and femininity w in masculine cultures bot