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1、定語從句定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語1. 定語從句:定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導的從句,其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性 成分,相當于形容詞,所以又稱為形容詞性從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2. 關(guān)系詞:引導定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;關(guān)系副詞有 where, when, why 等。關(guān)系詞常有 3 個作用: 1 ,引導定語 從句。 2 ,代替先行詞。 3 ,在定語從句中擔當一個成分。注:關(guān)系代詞有主語.賓語之分。一般whom 作為賓語。4. 定語:定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的

2、,是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子, 漢語中常用,的?表示。主要由形容詞擔任。此外,名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,分詞,副詞,不定式以及介詞短 語也可以來擔任,也可以由一個句子來擔任單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語。短 語和從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之后,作后置定語。先行詞:被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞。(一)限定性定語從句一、關(guān)系代詞(在句中作主語、賓語或定語)1. that 既可代表事物也可代表人, which 代表事物;它們在從句中作主語或賓語,that 在從句中作賓語時??墒÷躁P(guān)系詞, which 在從句中作賓語也可以省略。 eg :this is the

3、book ( which ) you want 。 而且,如果 which 在從句中作 “不及物動詞介詞 ”的介詞的賓語,注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞 which 的前邊,但有的則放在它原來的位置2. which 作賓語時,根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關(guān)系,先行詞與which 之間的介詞不能丟3. 代表物時多用 which ,但在帶有下列詞的句子中用 that 而不用 which ,這些詞包括當先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing , none 等不定代詞時,或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few,

4、 muc h 等修飾時等,這時的 that 常被省略 還有先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時, 或先行詞就是序數(shù)詞或最高級時 .以及先行詞中既有人又有物時.還有句中前面有which 時,都只能用 that4. who 和 whom 引導的從句用來修飾人,分別作從句中的主語和賓語,whom 作賓語時,要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語5. whose 是關(guān)系代詞, 修飾名詞作定語, 相當于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導的從句可以修飾人和物 , 當它引導的從句修飾物體時 , 可以與 of which 調(diào)換 , 表達的意思一樣。二、關(guān)系副詞(在句中作狀語)關(guān)系副詞 = 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞wh

5、y=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配 ) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配)1. where 是關(guān)系副詞,用來表示地點的定語從句。2. when引導定語從句表示時間注值得一提的是,表示時間 “time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導,有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞,當然也不用that 引導。By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remembe r the first

6、time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessiti es, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc 。3. 當從句的邏輯主語是 some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, ever ything 或 nothing 時,常用 there is 來引導There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 這里有人要

7、和你說話。(二) 非限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明,通常是引導詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開, 將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which 引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分2. 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的,例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng) 是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely gard

8、en. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個 漂亮的花園。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人, 我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3. 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞 , 對其進行修飾 , 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單 數(shù),例如:He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意 思,這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporati

9、on. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?,這就叫做蒸發(fā)。4. 有時 as 也可用作關(guān)系代詞5. 在非限定性定語從句中,不能用關(guān)系副詞why 和關(guān)系代詞 that ,而用 who, whom 代表人,用 which,whose 代表事物 .;(三) 關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句1. who 指人在從句中做主語(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩們是一班的 .(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天,我?guī)椭艘粋€迷路的老人 .2. whom 指人,在定語從句中充

10、當賓語,??墒÷?。 (注: who 和 whom 已無太大區(qū)別,可以通用。)(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 劉先生就是在公交車上和你聊天 的那個人 .(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想見的那個男孩 .(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你剛剛見到的那個人就是我的朋友.注意:關(guān)系代詞 whom 在口語和非正式語體中常用 who 代替,可省略。如果在從句中做賓語

11、 , 就用 whom 或 who. 比如 : He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那個和 我聊天的男人 .如果是在從句中作主語就只能用who. 比如 : He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那個有英語書的男人 .3. which 指物,在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數(shù)男孩都喜歡的游戲 .(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 這

12、是他昨天剛買的鋼筆 .4. that 指人時,相當于 who 或者 whom ;指物時,相當于 which 。 在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時可省略。(5) The number of the people that/whocome to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語(1) He has a friendwhose fatheris a doctor.(2) I once li

13、ved ina house whoseroof has fallen in.whose 指物時,常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroomwhose door isbroken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroomthe door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like thebook whose color is yellow?(6) Do you like thebook the colorof which is yellow?四)注意介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從

14、句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時 從句常由介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導(1) The school(that/which) heonce studiedin is very famous.(2) The schoolin whichhe oncestudiedisvery famous.(3) TomorrowIwill bringhereamagazine(that/which) you asked for.(4) TomorrowIwill bringhereamagazinefor which you asked.(5) We?llgo tohearthefamoussinger(whom/

15、that/who)wehaveoftentalked about.(6) We?llgo tohearthefamoussingeraboutwhom wehaveoftentalked.注意: 1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用,如: look for, look after, take care of 等(1) Thisis thewatch which/thatI amlookingfor. (T =正確)(2) Thisis thewatch forwhichI am looking.(F =錯誤)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前,關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom ,不可用 who 或者 tha

16、t ;指物時用 which ,不能用 that ;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用 whose(1)Themanwithwhom you talked is my friend. (T)(2)Themanwiththat you talked is my friend. (F)(3)Theplaneinwhich we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)(4)Theplaneinthat we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)3. “介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ”前可有 some, any, none, both, all,

17、 neither, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞(一般情況下) that 可用 who ,whom 和 which

18、在從句做主語,謂動詞的賓語,但是不能做 介詞的賓語which 指物,在從句中作主語,謂語或賓語;who 在從句中作主語;whom 在從句中賓語;where 在從句中修飾表地點的名詞,做地點狀語;when 在從句中通常修飾表時間的名詞,做時間狀語;why 在從句中做原因狀語,先行詞通常是 "reason" 有時 why 也可用 for+which 代替。例: A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.先行詞 主語 謂語 賓語定語從句修飾先行詞(五)關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句1. when 指時間,在定語從句中

19、做時間狀語(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where 指地點,在定語從句中做地點狀語(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why 指原因,在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) Please tell me the reason why yo

20、u missed the plane.(2) I don?t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意:關(guān)系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 ”引導的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wante d when he grew up.(3) Great changes

21、have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.(六)判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。不及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須 要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞;而及物動詞后接賓語,則要求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判斷改錯(注:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏

22、色表示出。)錯)This is the mountainvillagewhereI visitedlastyear.錯)I will never forget the dayswhen Ispent inthecountryside.對)This is the mountainvillage(which)I visitedlastyear.對)I'll never forget thedays (which) Ispent inthecountryside.習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when 聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定

23、語從句中的成分 ( 主、謂、賓、定、狀 ),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案:例 1 D ,例 2 A例 1 變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例 2 變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?Thi

24、s is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句 1 中, is 后應跟表語,只有 the one 可以,而后面的 you visited a few days ago 則做 one 的 定語從句。而句 2 中 , 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞 where ,又因 in the muse um 詞組,可用介詞 in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中,介詞 on 用的不對,所以選 A 。hom, that, which, whose) ;( where 地點狀語, when 時間狀語, why 原因狀語 ) 。先行詞在從句中

25、做狀語時,應選擇關(guān)系副詞when ,where 和 w七)介詞 +關(guān)系詞1 )介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2) that 前不能有介詞。3 ) 某些在從句中充當時間, 地點或原因狀語的 "介詞 +關(guān)系詞 "結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞 hy 互換。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.Thisisthehousewhere Ilivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayon whichyou joined our club?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedour c

26、lub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhich hecamelate.八)先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合1)Whoeverspits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替 ) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用 all that 代 替)但這兩句句子已經(jīng)不是定語從句了,是名詞性從句。因為定語從句一定要有先行詞,而名詞性從句沒

27、有。將“Whoever>“what'分別用“Anyone whc”、“all that'代替后,才是定語從句,先行詞分別是“Anyone"、“ all?!本牛゛s,which 引導的非限定性定語從句由 as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句, as 和 which 可代整個主句,相當于 and this 或 and that 。 A s 一般放在句首, which 在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very impo

28、rtant to us.典型例題1) Alice received an invitation from her boss, _cameas a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he答案 C. 此為非限定性從句,不能用 that 修飾,而用 which. , it 和 he 都使后句成為句子,兩個獨立 的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選 he 句意不通。2) The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it

29、答案 B。which 可代替句子,用于非限定性定語從句,而what 不可。 That 不能用于非限定性定語從句, it 不為連詞,使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。3) It rained hard yesterday, prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案 B.as 和 which 在引導非限制性定語從句時,這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思,且在定語從句 中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點:(1) as 引導的定語從句可置于句首,而 which 不可。(2) as

30、代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時,從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞,則 從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用 which. 。在本題中, prevent 由于是行為動詞,所以正確選項應為B。As 的用法例1.thesame as ; such as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和一樣I havegot into the sametroubleas he (has).例2. as 可引導非限制性從句,-H-P常帶有'正如 '。Asweknow, smoking isharmfulto one's health.Asisknown, smoking isharmfulto on

31、e's health.As 是關(guān)系代詞。例 1 中的 as 作 know 的賓語;例 2 中,它充當從句的主語,謂語動詞 know 要用被動式。一、“as / which”特殊定語從句的先行成分1. 形容詞或形容詞短語作先行成分 , 具有形容詞意義的介詞短語也可以充當先行成分,如:My grandmother?s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的語言環(huán)境里,有些名詞可以具有形容詞的性質(zhì)。這些名詞主要是那些表示人的身份、職業(yè)、 狀態(tài)的名詞。值得一提的是,在這些具有形容詞性質(zhì)的名詞之后,引導定語從句

32、的關(guān)系代詞不能用who /whom.2. 動詞短語先行成分 這種動詞短語既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是動態(tài)動詞短語,它們在從句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代動詞 do 和 as / which 一起代替。 do 可以出現(xiàn),也可以不出現(xiàn),但不能用其它動詞代 替。3. 句子作先行成分 這句子可以是整個主句也可以只是主句中的一個從句。有時是連續(xù)幾個句子,有時甚至可以是一個完整的故事。二、“ as/which '特殊定語從句在句中的位置由于先行成分的構(gòu)成成分不同, “as/which ”特殊定語從句在句中的位置有以下幾種情況:1. 形容詞做先行成分時:形容詞或形容詞短語(含具有形容詞

33、性質(zhì)的名詞)作先行成分,“as / which ”特殊定語從句置于先行成分之后。2. 動詞短語作先行成分時:動詞短語作先行成分時,“as / which ”特殊定語從句置于先行成分之后。但是,當從句中含有表示主觀意志的插入成分時,“ as特殊定語從句可以移至句子之首。3. 句子作先行成分時:“as特殊定語從句的位置較靈活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引語,“ as特殊定語從句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句,“ as特殊定語從句與否定詞的相對位置不同可以使它產(chǎn)生不同的意義。由于“as特殊定語從句具有這一特點,所以有時它的位置不能隨便移動。在非正式的文體里,“wh

34、ich '特殊定語從句可以出現(xiàn)在先行成分之中。三、“ as/which '特殊定語從句的語義功能一般說來, as 與 which 的語義功能相同,可以相互替換。但先行成分為句子時,它們的語義功能則有 差異。表示結(jié)果從句中往往使用有結(jié)果意義的詞,delightful, disgraceful 等。它通常與那些表示客觀事實,表示結(jié)果的特殊定語從句與其先行成分之間存在著一定的因果關(guān)系,如動詞 result, make, enable, cause 和形容詞 interesting, surprising,1. 表示評注表示評注的特殊定語從句對其先行成分所述事實的正確性有肯定的傾向,

35、普遍真理或某種習性的先行成分連用;從句中則常用一些表示 “合乎自然規(guī)律 ”、 “眾所周知 ”或 “經(jīng)常發(fā)生 ”等 意義的詞語,如 natural, known to all, usual 等。2. 有無狀語意義“ as特殊定語從句具有狀語意義(主要是方式狀語意義),而“which”特殊定語從句則無狀語意義?!?as”特殊定語從句的狀語意義要求它在語義上與其先行成分的語義保持一致,“which'特殊定語從句則不受這種 限制。四、關(guān)系代詞 as 與 which 的句法功能1. as / which 在特殊定語從句中作主語。as 作主語時,謂語動詞常為連系動詞(主要是be, seem ),主

36、語補語為 usual 、 a rule 、 a matterof fact等時,系動詞 be習慣經(jīng)常省略。行為動詞作“as特殊定語從句的謂語時一般用于被動語態(tài)(其中助動詞be常略),不及物的行為動詞在“as特殊定語從句中作謂語的極少,常見的有happen 詞。如:Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.Which 作主語時,謂語動詞不限,主語被動皆可,只是謂語動詞為被動語態(tài)時助動詞be 省略。2. as 和 which 都可以在特殊定語從句中賓語。3. as 和 which 在特殊定語從句中作補語。如:We tho

37、ught him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.“ as特殊定語從句中可以主謂倒裝,“which '從句中則不能主謂倒裝。如果先行成分不是主語補語或賓語補語,關(guān)系代詞用which而不用as。如:He talked like a native, which/as4. which 在特殊從定語句中作定語。 which 可以在特殊定語從句中作定語,修飾he hardly was.thing 等名詞。這些名詞代表先行成分表達fact,matter,的意義,有時將其略去句義仍然完整。as不能作定語。如:I was told to go not b

38、y trainbutbus, whichadviceI followed.(十)關(guān)系代詞 that的用法(1) 不用 that 的情況(a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。(錯 )The tree, that is four hundredyears old,Is veryfamous here.(b) 介詞后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/whichwe get our food from.(2) 只能用 that 作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況(a) 在 there b

39、e 句型中,只用 that ,不用 which 。(b) 在不定代詞,如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行詞時,只用 that ,不用 which 。(c) 先行詞有 the only, the very,the same,the last,just 修飾時,只用 that 。(d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只用that 。 .(e) 先行詞既有人,又有物時。(f) 先行詞指物,在主句中作表語時(g) 為了避免重復(h) 先行詞是 the way 時舉例:Is this the book t

40、hat you borrowed in the library? 這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎?Who that break the window should be punished 誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。Finally, the their handed everything that he had stolen to the police 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。(十一)定語從句的難點分析(一) 限制性定語從句只能用 that 的幾種情況1 當先行詞是 anything, every

41、thing, nothing (something 除外 ), few, all, none, little, some 等代 詞時,或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much , each 等修飾時(1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.

42、(4) There is little (that) I can do for you.注意 1:部分時候 that 可以省略,如部分例句將 that 用括號括住。注意 2:當先行詞指人時,偶爾也可以用who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won?t do such a thing.2. 當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(1) This is the best film that I have

43、seen.4. 當形容詞被 the very, the only , the same,the last 修飾時(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 當先行詞指人時,偶爾也可以用 who(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting ?5. 當先行詞前面有 who, w

44、hich 等疑問代詞時(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 當先行詞既有人,也有動物或者物體時(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?7. 當關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做表語或先行詞本身就作主語的表語(1)The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.(2)This is a go

45、od book that will help you a lot.(二) 關(guān)系代詞 as 和 which 引導的定語從句 as 和 which 引導非限制性定語從句,有相同之處也有不 同之處。具體情況是:1 As 和 which 都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,代表前面整個句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/whichwe can see.2. as 引導非限制性定語從句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一個主句; which 引導 的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有正如,

46、正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developingcountry.(2) He is from the south,aswe cansee from hisaccent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Parismore thanseveral times,whichI don?tbelieve.注意:當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時,常用which(5) Tom was always lateforschool,which made his teac

47、herangry.3. 當先行詞受 such, the same 修飾時,常用as(1) I have never heard sucha storyas he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意:當先行詞由 the same 修飾時,偶爾也用 that 引導定語從句,但是和由 as 所引導的定語從句意 思不同(4) Sheworethesamedressthat she wore at Mary?s wedding.她穿著她在 MARY 婚禮上

48、穿過的一條裙子。(5) Sheworethesamedressas her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。注意:定語從句suchas與結(jié)果狀語從句suchthat的區(qū)別: as 在所引導的定語從句中作主語,賓語;that 在結(jié)果狀語從句中不做成分(6) Hehassucha goodlaptopas Iwant to buy.(7) Hehassucha goodlaptopthatI want to byone.(三) 以 the way 為先行詞的定語從句通常由 in which, that 引導,而且通??梢允÷?。(1) The way in wh

49、ich/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四 ) but 有時也可以做關(guān)系詞引導定語從句(1) There are very few but understand his idea.( but= who don?t )(五 ) 區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句 1定語從句修飾先行詞,它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系; 同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容,是補充說明的關(guān)系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語從句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位語從句 2定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導,關(guān)系詞在句中充當成分,有時可以省略; 同位語從句主要由 that 引導,在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由 when, where, how, why, whether, what 等詞引導,充當成分(1)Thenews hetoldmeis true.(2)Thenews that hehasjust diedis true.(3)Theproblemthatweare fac

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