路基沉降變形觀測作業(yè)指導書

1、路基沉降變形監(jiān)測一、路基工點類型本標段正線全長39.353km，路基長4.822km，占線路長度的12%，路基工點類型主要有低矮路堤、短路基、邊坡防護路基、高路堤、深路塹、地下水路塹、膨脹土（巖）路塹、陡坡路基、基床處理路基、浸水路基、不良地質(zhì)路基（包括危巖落石、順層等）、特殊巖土路基（包括軟土、松軟土地基）二、觀測斷面及點的設置原則1、路基沉降監(jiān)測1.1路基沉降監(jiān)測的要求1）、路基沉降觀測應以路基面沉降和地基沉降觀測為主。沉降變形觀測斷面應根據(jù)不同的地基條件，不同的結構部位等具體情況設置；測點的設置位置應滿足設計要求，同時還應針對施工掌握的地質(zhì)、地形等情況調(diào)整或增設。 2）路基面和地基沉降觀

2、測點應設在同一橫斷面上。 3）測點及元器件的埋設位置應符合設計要求，且標設準確、埋設穩(wěn)定。1.2、 觀測斷面及點的設置、元件布設 觀測斷面的設置及觀測斷面的觀測內(nèi)容、元件的布設應根據(jù)地形、地質(zhì)條件、地基壓縮層厚度、路堤高度、地基處理方法、堆載預壓等具體情況，結合沉降預測方法和工期要求具體確定。分以下幾種布設形式。1）、 路基沉降變形監(jiān)測斷面元件布置示意圖A型A型斷面監(jiān)測2）、路基沉降變形監(jiān)測斷面元件布置示意圖B型B型斷面監(jiān)測3）、路基沉降變形監(jiān)測斷面元件布置示意圖C型 C型斷面監(jiān)測4）、路基沉降變形監(jiān)測斷面元件布置示意圖D型D型斷面監(jiān)測吉圖琿客專JHS標路基沉降工點布置表及斷面類型序號路基工點

3、斷面里程沉降監(jiān)測斷面類型1GDK323+260A型斷面監(jiān)測2GDK323+359A型斷面監(jiān)測3GDK323+400A型斷面監(jiān)測4GDK323+310B型斷面監(jiān)測5GDK323+379B型斷面監(jiān)測6GDK323+015D型斷面監(jiān)測7GDK323+095D型斷面監(jiān)測8GDK323+175D型斷面監(jiān)測9GDK323+488D型斷面監(jiān)測10GDK333+087A型斷面監(jiān)測11GDK333+117A型斷面監(jiān)測12GDK333+097B型斷面監(jiān)測13GDK333+136D型斷面監(jiān)測14GDK335+065A型斷面監(jiān)測15GDK335+055B型斷面監(jiān)測16GDK335+048D型斷面監(jiān)測17GDK339+

4、020A型斷面監(jiān)測18GDK339+100A型斷面監(jiān)測19GDK339+130A型斷面監(jiān)測20GDK339+070B型斷面監(jiān)測21GDK339+120B型斷面監(jiān)測22GDK338+926D型斷面監(jiān)測23GDK338+980D型斷面監(jiān)測24GDK345+170A型斷面監(jiān)測25GDK345+200A型斷面監(jiān)測26GDK345+310A型斷面監(jiān)測27GDK345+372A型斷面監(jiān)測28GDK345+180B型斷面監(jiān)測29GDK345+360B型斷面監(jiān)測30GDK348+805A型斷面監(jiān)測31GDK348+870A型斷面監(jiān)測32GDK348+840B型斷面監(jiān)測33GDK348+880D型斷面監(jiān)測34G

5、DK352+425A型斷面監(jiān)測35GDK352+459A型斷面監(jiān)測36GDK352+489A型斷面監(jiān)測37GDK352+479B型斷面監(jiān)測38GDK352+395D型斷面監(jiān)測39GDK354+314A型斷面監(jiān)測40GDK354+344A型斷面監(jiān)測41GDK354+443A型斷面監(jiān)測42GDK354+500A型斷面監(jiān)測43GDK354+614A型斷面監(jiān)測44GDK354+693A型斷面監(jiān)測45GDK354+850A型斷面監(jiān)測46GDK354+890A型斷面監(jiān)測47GDK354+978A型斷面監(jiān)測48GDK354+324B型斷面監(jiān)測49GDK354+453B型斷面監(jiān)測50GDK354+624B型斷

6、面監(jiān)測51GDK354+683B型斷面監(jiān)測52GDK354+880B型斷面監(jiān)測53GDK354+380C型斷面監(jiān)測54GDK354+550C型斷面監(jiān)測55GDK354+940C型斷面監(jiān)測56GDK354+635D型斷面監(jiān)測57GDK354+720D型斷面監(jiān)測58GDK354+770D型斷面監(jiān)測59GDK354+820D型斷面監(jiān)測60GDK355+000A型斷面監(jiān)測61GDK355+600A型斷面監(jiān)測62GDK355+630A型斷面監(jiān)測63GDK354+998B型斷面監(jiān)測64GDK355+100D型斷面監(jiān)測65GDK355+200D型斷面監(jiān)測66GDK355+300D型斷面監(jiān)測67GDK355+

7、400D型斷面監(jiān)測68GDK355+500D型斷面監(jiān)測69GDK355+570D型斷面監(jiān)測70GDK356+047A型斷面監(jiān)測71GDK356+077A型斷面監(jiān)測72GDK356+170A型斷面監(jiān)測73GDK356+249A型斷面監(jiān)測74GDK356+057B型斷面監(jiān)測75GDK356+239B型斷面監(jiān)測76GDK356+120C型斷面監(jiān)測77GDK356+280C型斷面監(jiān)測78GDK356+302D型斷面監(jiān)測79GDK358+583A型斷面監(jiān)測80GDK358+613A型斷面監(jiān)測81GDK358+603B型斷面監(jiān)測82GDK358+488D型斷面監(jiān)測83GDK358+560D型斷面監(jiān)測84G

8、DK359+977A型斷面監(jiān)測85GDK360+007A型斷面監(jiān)測86GDK360+090A型斷面監(jiān)測87GDK360+120A型斷面監(jiān)測88GDK360+163A型斷面監(jiān)測89GDK360+249A型斷面監(jiān)測90GDK360+300A型斷面監(jiān)測91GDK360+340A型斷面監(jiān)測92GDK359+987B型斷面監(jiān)測93GDK360+110B型斷面監(jiān)測94GDK360+173B型斷面監(jiān)測95GDK360+259B型斷面監(jiān)測96GDK360+330B型斷面監(jiān)測97GDK360+050C型斷面監(jiān)測98GDK360+150C型斷面監(jiān)測99GDK360+200C型斷面監(jiān)測100GDK360+390C型

9、斷面監(jiān)測101DK027+939D型斷面監(jiān)測102DK360+410A型斷面監(jiān)測103DK360+513A型斷面監(jiān)測104DK360+570A型斷面監(jiān)測105DK360+670A型斷面監(jiān)測106DK360+770A型斷面監(jiān)測107DK360+826A型斷面監(jiān)測108DK360+930A型斷面監(jiān)測109DK360+057A型斷面監(jiān)測110DK360+120A型斷面監(jiān)測111DK360+225A型斷面監(jiān)測112DK360+282A型斷面監(jiān)測113DK360+340A型斷面監(jiān)測114DK360+440A型斷面監(jiān)測115DK360+490A型斷面監(jiān)測116DK360+545A型斷面監(jiān)測117DK360

10、+601A型斷面監(jiān)測118DK360+647A型斷面監(jiān)測119DK360+750A型斷面監(jiān)測120DK360+460B型斷面監(jiān)測121DK360+523B型斷面監(jiān)測122DK360+720B型斷面監(jiān)測123DK360+816B型斷面監(jiān)測124DK360+980B型斷面監(jiān)測125DK361+042B型斷面監(jiān)測126DK361+067B型斷面監(jiān)測127DK361+170B型斷面監(jiān)測128DK361+292B型斷面監(jiān)測129DK361+390B型斷面監(jiān)測130DK361+535B型斷面監(jiān)測131DK361+591B型斷面監(jiān)測132DK360+620C型斷面監(jiān)測133DK360+880C型斷面監(jiān)測13

11、4DK361+700C型斷面監(jiān)測2、路塹高邊坡變形監(jiān)測 根據(jù)地質(zhì)條件及工程實踐經(jīng)驗，主要針對以下地質(zhì)條件、邊坡高度設置邊坡位移、應力狀態(tài)的監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)：2.1、滑坡、堆積體等不良地質(zhì)邊坡；2.2、膨脹土及紅粘土路塹邊坡高度10米；一般土質(zhì)及風化層路塹邊坡高度15米；一般軟質(zhì)巖及軟硬互層路塹邊坡高度20米；硬質(zhì)巖路塹邊坡高度30米；2.3、順層邊坡或受構造影響不利結構面發(fā)育的邊坡；每工點應有不少于2個邊坡位移監(jiān)測斷面。結合路塹邊坡的形式，分為以下3種監(jiān)測斷面形式1、 型監(jiān)測斷面布置圖（單位：米）2、 型監(jiān)測斷面布置圖3、 型監(jiān)測斷面布置圖本標段路塹邊坡監(jiān)測斷面表序號邊坡監(jiān)測斷面里程斷面類型1GDK3

12、23+015I型監(jiān)測斷面2GDK323+065I型監(jiān)測斷面3GDK323+105I型監(jiān)測斷面4GDK349+220I型監(jiān)測斷面5GDK349+260I型監(jiān)測斷面6GDK349+300I型監(jiān)測斷面7GDK349+220型監(jiān)測斷面8GDK349+260型監(jiān)測斷面9GDK349+300型監(jiān)測斷面10GDK355+050I型監(jiān)測斷面11GDK355+090I型監(jiān)測斷面12GDK355+130I型監(jiān)測斷面13GDK355+180I型監(jiān)測斷面14GDK355+230I型監(jiān)測斷面15GDK355+280I型監(jiān)測斷面16GDK355+330I型監(jiān)測斷面17GDK355+380I型監(jiān)測斷面18GDK355+05

13、0型監(jiān)測斷面19GDK355+090型監(jiān)測斷面20GDK355+130型監(jiān)測斷面21GDK355+130型監(jiān)測斷面22GDK355+180型監(jiān)測斷面23GDK355+230型監(jiān)測斷面24GDK355+280型監(jiān)測斷面25GDK355+330型監(jiān)測斷面26GDK355+380型監(jiān)測斷面三、觀測元件的選取、埋設3.1、觀測元件的選取： 應滿足工后沉降的評估需要以及精度要求。路基面采用觀測樁觀測，地基面采用沉降板、剖面沉降管相結合進行觀測。路塹高邊坡采用位移監(jiān)測樁進行觀測。3.2、觀測元件的埋設： 觀測元件除沉降觀測樁外，均應在地基加固完成后路堤填筑施工前及高邊坡路塹開挖至設計埋樁位置后埋設。1 沉

14、降觀測樁（點） (1)在一般路基填筑至基床表層 頂面，加載預壓路堤填筑到基床底層頂面后，埋設沉降觀測樁；路基面兩側觀測樁一般設在距左右線路中心3.2 m處（由于部分樁位會與接觸網(wǎng)立柱基礎、通信、信號電纜槽手孔有干擾，以后埋設的可改為2.7m處）。埋設規(guī)格見附圖(2)要求填筑至基床表層頂面埋設觀測樁，但若施工在施工過程中級配碎石等供應困難，架梁工期緊，也可在基床表層填筑20cm后，埋設路面觀測樁。2 沉降板：由鋼底板、金屬測桿（40mm厚壁鐵管）及保護套管（直徑不小于75mm、壁厚不小于4mm的硬PVC管）組成，鋼底板尺寸為50cm×50cm，厚1 cm；具體按設計圖樣焊接組裝。沉降板

15、應埋入褥墊層頂部嵌入不少于10cm，采用中粗砂回填密實，再套上保護套管，保護套管低于沉降板金屬測桿，保護套管和金屬測管上口均加蓋封住管口，并在其周圍填筑相應填料穩(wěn)定保護套管，完成沉降板的埋設工作。采用水準儀按國家一等精密水準測量方法測量埋設就位的沉降板測桿桿頂標高作為初始讀數(shù)(測量一定要準確），隨著路基填筑施工逐漸接高沉降板測桿和保護套管，每次接長高度以1m為宜，接長前后測量桿頂標高變化量確定接高量。3、邊樁示意圖4、單點沉降計單點沉降計采用智能數(shù)碼單點位移計，屬智能位移傳感器，由沉降盤、智能電感磁通調(diào)頻位移計、導磁體、波紋管、測桿、測桿直螺紋接頭、錨頭，測試導線組成。單點沉降計有關圖示5、路

16、塹位移監(jiān)測樁及其埋設大樣圖 6、剖面沉降管：采用專用塑料硬管，其抗彎剛度應適應被測土體的豎向位移要求，管端接口密合。剖面沉降測量是將剖面沉降儀探頭預埋在剖面沉降管槽內(nèi)，按一定間距依次讀數(shù)，起始端管口標高(設置水準點）采用水平儀按國家一等精密水準測量方法進行測量，再通過數(shù)據(jù)處理計算求出不同位置處地基的沉降量。 剖面沉降管在褥墊層頂面開槽埋設（不是埋設在褥墊層底部），槽底中粗砂找平，表面回填510cm中粗砂并與褥墊層相平，兩端部應進行有效保護。剖面沉降管埋設示意圖 四、過渡段沉降觀測1、 過渡段沉降觀測應以路基面沉降和不均勻沉降觀測為主，沉降觀測期與路基相同，不少于6個月。3.5.2 分別在路橋、路涵、路隧過渡段的結構物起點、距結構物起點510m處、1525m處、50m處各設一個觀測斷面，沿涵洞軸線設路基面觀測斷面，每個觀測斷面設3個觀測樁。按觀測樁的50埋設基底沉降板，按觀測樁的25埋設基底剖面沉降管。 2、 路堤和路塹過渡段在分界處設路基面觀測斷面，每個觀測斷面設3個觀測樁 3、 沉降觀測的頻次不低于路基表2.5的規(guī)定。當環(huán)境條件發(fā)生變化或數(shù)據(jù)異常時應及時觀測。4、路橋、路涵過渡段觀測點和元器件布置示意圖路橋、路涵過渡段觀測點和元器件布置示意圖五、路基沉降監(jiān)測的技術