初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致考點(diǎn)講解和練習(xí)打印3

1、主謂一致講解和訓(xùn)練謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。一、“三個(gè)一致”原則1. 語(yǔ)法一致的原則1以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：he goes to school early every morning. the children are playing outside.to work hard is necessary for a student.（2）由and或bothand連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：both he a

2、nd i are right. mr. black and mrs. black have a son called tom.但并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：his teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.         the poet and writer has come. （3）由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)之前如果分別由each, every修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：    

3、60;  in our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.       each man and each woman is asked to help.（4）主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例如：the teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. nobody but two

4、boys was late for class.bread and butter is a daily food in the west.（5） 一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：a lot of people are dancing outside. the police are looking for lost boy.    （6）由each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。例如：   

5、     is everybody ready?      somebody is using the phone.    （7）有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：        where are my shoes? i cant find them.   

6、0;   your trousers are dirty. youd better change them.           如果這類(lèi)名詞前用了a pair of等，則往往用作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：        here are some new pairs of shoes.      my new pair of s

7、ocks is on the bed.2. 意義一致的原則（1）表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如：twenty years is not a long time. ten dollars is too dear.（2）有些集合名詞，如family, team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如指其中每個(gè)成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：my family is big one. my family are watching tv.（3）不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

8、的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：all of the work has been finished. all of the people have gone.  （4）疑問(wèn)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況：主語(yǔ)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：        who is your brother?      who are league member

9、s?（5）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要以of后面的名詞而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：名詞是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：      it is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.（6）half, the rest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：   

10、0;    i have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.        only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick. （7）由what 引導(dǎo)地主于從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：     

11、60;  what she said is correct. what she left me are a few old books.（8）凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞（或分詞）”作主語(yǔ)，往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語(yǔ)指的是一類(lèi)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果指的是一個(gè)人或抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：        the sick have been cured and the lost have been found.     the dead is a

12、famous person.3. 鄰近一致(就近一致)的原則（1）由連詞or, eitheror, neithernor,  not onlybut also,等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。例如：either you or i am right. neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.（2）在“there be” 句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。     there are two apples and o

13、ne egg in it. （3）as well as 和名詞連用時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和第一個(gè)名詞相一致。 he as well as i is responsible for it.    不但是我，他對(duì)這件事也有責(zé)任。（4）以here開(kāi)頭的句子，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。    here is a letter and some books for you.二、主謂一致?？记闆r 1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the desk _（is / are）toms. 

14、; 這張桌子是湯姆的。some water _（is / are）in the bottle.  一些水在瓶子里。  the students _（is / are）playing football on the playground.    這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。2. more than one + 單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。     more than one student _（has / have）ever been to beijing.  不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。3. 表示時(shí)

15、間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。    two months _（is / are）a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。    twenty pounds _（is / are）not so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。    ten miles _（is / are）not a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。    five minus four _

16、（is / are）one.   5減4等于1。4. 主語(yǔ)是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 each boy and each girl _（has / have）got a seat.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。 every man and every woman _（is / are）at work.每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。5. one and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。   one and a half hours _（is / are）enough.

17、0;  一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。6. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。to see _（is / are）to believe.  眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。    doing eye exercises _（is / are）good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。7. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。  a student or two _（like / likes）to listen to this new teachers class.    一兩

18、個(gè)學(xué)生喜歡聽(tīng)這位新老師的課。8. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分(主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí))含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。    mike with his father _（has / have）been to england. 邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。    mike, like his brother, _（enjoy / enjoys）play

19、ing football.    邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。    the students as well as the teacher _（was / were）present at the meeting.    開(kāi)會(huì)的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們和老師都在場(chǎng)。9. 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名

20、詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。    the writer and teacher _（is / are）coming. 那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)    the writer and the teacher _（is / are）coming. 作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)    a knife and fork _（is / are）on the table.  桌子上放著一副刀叉。10. people, police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；family, cl

21、ass, group, team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)一個(gè)的具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。  people here _（is / are）very friendly.  這兒的人很友好。  his family _（is / are）not large.  他家的人不多。  my family all _（like / likes）watching tv.  我們一家人都喜歡看電視。11. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything,

22、 everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。    _（is / are）everyone here today?  今天大家到齊了嗎？    something _（is / are）wrong with him.  他有毛病。    nobody _（was / were）in.  沒(méi)有人在家。12. each, either, neither, another, the oth

23、er 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。    each of them _（has / have）an english dictionary.   他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。    neither answer _（is / are）correct.    兩個(gè)答案都不正確。13. 以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等。  no news _（is / are）good news.    沒(méi)

24、有消息就是好消息。    maths _（is / are）very popular in our class   在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。14. 由bothand連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or,  eitheror， neithernor,  not onlybut also,  notbut,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。但是如果either, each, neither作主語(yǔ)，則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。    either my wife or i _（am / is / are）going.    neither you, nor i, nor anyone else _（know / knows）the answer.    not only y